Phau ntawv Beginners Guide to Linux

by Gary Newell

Taw qhia

Raws li leejtwg xav txog kev siv Linux rau thawj zaug muaj ntau yam meej uas koj xav paub txog. Phau ntawv qhia no muaj kev sib txuas rau cov khoom tseem ceeb uas yuav pab tau koj pib.

Koj yuav kawm tau li cas Linux yog, vim li cas koj yuav tsum siv nws, yam Linux distributions yog, yuav ua li cas rau nruab lawv, yuav siv lub dav hlau, yuav ua li cas los tsim kho vajtse thiab lwm yam kev paub ntau.

Nias rau ntawm nqe lus rau txhua nqe mus saib tag nrho tsab xov xwm.

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Linux yog dab tsi?

Fedora Linux.

Linux yog ib qho kev khiav hauj lwm uas siv los ua kom muaj hwj chim ntau heev ntawm lub tshuab los ntawm lub teeb qij rau phom, cov laptops rau cov chaw hauv computer loj.

Linux powers txhua yam ntawm koj lub xov tooj rau koj lub freezer lub ntsej muag.

Nyob rau hauv cov ntsiab lus duab hauv Linux muab lwm txoj kev khiav lag luam khiav lag luam xws li lub qhov rais. Ntau »

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Vim Li Cas Thiaj Siv Linux Tshaj Qhov Cuam Tshaj

Lub Zoo meej Linux Desktop.

Muaj ntau ntau yam txheej xwm seb vim li cas koj thiaj yuav siv Linux tshaj qhov rais thiab ntawm no tsuas yog qee yam ntawm lawv xwb.

Linux yog kev txhawb zog rau cov computers qub. Whilst Windows XP tseem yuav khiav ntawm kev kho vajtse dua qub yog tsis txhawb, yog li tsis muaj kev ruaj ntseg tshiab. Muaj ntau lub xov tooj ntawm Linux distributions uas tau tsim tshwj xeeb rau kev kho vajtse qub thiab raug tswj xyuas thiab kho tshiab tsis tu ncua.
Ib txhia Linux distributions thiab duab npuas yog tam sim no dua paub cov neeg siv computer raws li lub Windows 8 thiab Qhov rai 10. Yog tias koj nyiam lub qhov rais 7 saib thiab xav tias vim li cas tsis sim Linux Mint piv txwv.
Lub qhov rais 10 download loj yog loj heev. Ib tug raug Linux faib tawm ntawm dhau 1 gigabyte txawm tias koj tuaj yeem tau txais qee cov uas tsuas yog ob peb megabytes xwb. Qhov rai yuav tsum muaj tsawg kawg yog ib daim DVD tsim ntawm bandwidth.
Linux ships nrog dawb siv software thiab koj tuaj yeem hloov thiab siv tau cov software raws li koj thov.
Linux yeej ib txwm muaj kev ruaj ntseg ntau tshaj li qhov rais thiab muaj ntau cov kab mob ntau rau Linux, txawm tias lub vas sab ntawm cov khoom tau raug tsom tas li lately.
Linux ua haujlwm zoo tshaj qhov rais hauv Windows thiab muaj peev xwm nyem ntau dua ntawm kev poob qis kawg ntawm kev pab rau cov laus thiab txwv kev kho mob
Tsis pub twg paub. Lub xov tooj niaj zaus xov tooj hauv tsev nrog cov ntaub ntawv sau los ntawm Cortana thiab tshawb nrhiav. Whilst tsis tus tshiab thiab meej meej Google puas tau tib yam uas koj tuaj yeem paub ntau dua tias Linux tsis ua tib yam tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tias koj xaiv ib qho chaw pab dawb pub dawb.
Kev ntseeg. Thaum ib qho kev pab cuam nyob rau hauv Linux koj tuaj yeem tua nws yooj yim heev. Thaum twg qhov kev zov me nyuam nyob hauv lub qhov rais txawm tias thaum koj sim thiab khiav hauj lwm tus neeg saib xyuas los tua nws qhov kev pab cuam tsis txaus siab tsis tuaj yeem cia mus.
Tshiab. Qhov rai yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev nrog nws txoj cai hloov tshiab. Koj tau muab pes tsawg lub sij hawm tso rau hauv lub koos pis tawj kom luam tawm kev ua yeeb yam lossis lwm yam ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb kom pom cov lus tsim kho hloov tshiab 1 ntawm 450?
Ntau ntau. Koj tuaj yeem ua Linux zoo, xav thiab coj raws nraim li koj xav kom nws ua. Nrog rau qhov rais, lub computer ua rau tib yam nkaus li Microsoft xav tias koj xav kom nws.

Yog tias koj tseem tsis pom tseeb phau ntawv no uas yuav pab koj txiav txim seb Linux puas yog rau koj. Ntau »

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Twg Linux Them Ntaus Xwb?

Elementary OS.

Thawj lo lus nug yuav yog "Dab tsi yog Linux faib?". Yooj yim lub Linux ntsiav yog zoo li lub cav. Ib qho kev faib tawm yog lub tsheb tiag tiag uas tsev nyob lub cav.

Li ntawd, koj yuav tsum xaiv qhov twg? Kuv xav tias txhaj rau qhov txuas rau tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv tiam sis hauv cov ntsiab lus:

Linux Mint - Yuav tsum tau tsawg lub computer tshaj lij, yooj yim rau nruab, ib qho yooj yim mus use thiab muaj ib tug paub saib duab rau cov neeg siv qhov rais 7
Debian - Rau cov neeg nrhiav kev pub dawb Linux faib uas tsis muaj kev tsav tsheb, firmware lossis software ces Debian yog rau koj. Yawg ntawm Linux
Ubuntu - Lub caij nyoog nthuav dav Linux uas yooj yim rau nruab thiab yooj yim siv
openSUSE - Ib qhov chaw ruaj khov thiab muaj zog Linux. Tsis li yooj yim rau nruab li Mint thiab Ubuntu tab sis ib tug zoo heev lwm nonetheless
Fedora - Feem ntau mus txog Linux faib nrog tag nrho cov ntsiab lus tshiab hauv cov txheej txheem tshiab ntawm lub sijhawm ua tau zoo tshaj plaws
Mageia - Rose los ntawm cov tshauv ntawm lub koob meej Mandriva Linux. Yooj yim rau nruab thiab yooj yim mus use
CentOS - Raws li nrog Fedora, CentOS yog raws li Linux tech coj mus muag, Red Hat Linux. Tsis zoo li Fedora, nws yog ua rau stability
Manjaro - Raws li Arch Linux, Manjaro muaj kev tshuav ib qho zoo ntawm kev yooj yim ntawm kev siv thiab paub txog hnub software
LXLE - Raws li qhov sib tw Lubuntu tis qhov no muab ib lub tshuab muaj suab nrov Linux rau kev kho vajtse
Kws - Ib qho kev faib tawm faib lub ntsiab lus uas koj tsis tas yuav nruab ib lub tshiab versions ntawm qhov system operating ntawm txhua tus taw tes vim nws yog nws tus kheej. Tsis yooj yim dua rau tus neeg siv tshiab kom tau mus rau grips nrog tab sis muaj hwj chim heev
Elementary - Linux rau cov neeg uas nyiam Mac style interface

Ntau »

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Yuav ua li cas khiav Linux los ntawm Ib lub DVD lossis USB

Ubuntu Live Desktop.

Lub npe tsis yog qhov txuas rau qhov khoom no vim tias muaj ntau txoj kev mus los rau koj txoj kev.

Ib lub DVD DVD los yog USB cia koj khiav Linux tsis txhim kho nws rau koj lub zog tsav tsheb. Qhov no yeej cia koj sim tsav Linux ua ntej nws mus rau nws thiab nws kuj yog qhov zoo rau cov neeg siv nyob rau hauv.

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Yuav ua li cas rau nruab Linux

Fedora Nruab - Configuration.

Txhua Linux faib yog siv ib qho txawv installer uas yog ib qhov kev pab cuam uas coj koj mus teeb thiab nruab Linux.

Thaum ib tug neeg siv nruab Linux lawv tuaj yeem nruab nws rau nws tus kheej los yog lawv tuaj yeem nruab nws sab nraum qhov rais.

Ntawm no yog qee cov txheej txheem dawb installation:

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Dab Tsi Yog Ib Tug Puag Ncig?

XFCE Desktop Ubuntu.

Ib lub ntse Linux yog ua los ntawm ntau cov khoom.

Nws yog ib tus neeg saib xyuas kev lag luam uas yog siv los pab koj nkag mus rau hauv, tus thawj tswj qhov rai uas siv los tswj cov qhov rais, vaj huam sib luag, menus, dash interfaces thiab cov ntawv tseem ceeb.

Ntau yam ntawm cov khoom no tau muab sib dhos ua ke los ua qhov chaw paub tias lub chaw ua haujlwm.

Muaj qee cov koos pij xaib Linux nrog ib lub chaw ib puag ncig (txawm tias muaj lwm tus neeg muaj nyob rau hauv qhov software repositories), whilst lwm tus muaj ntau hom kev faib rau ntau qhov chaw sib txawv.

Cov kev kawm muaj xws li Cinnamon, GNOME, Kev Sib Koom, KDE, Enlightenment, XFCE, LXDE thiab MATE.

Cinnamon yog ib lub chaw kawm ntau dua uas zoo nkaus li ntau yam zoo li lub qhov rais 7 nrog lub vaj huam sib luag rau hauv qab, ib qho zaub mov, tsim cov cim icons thiab qhib tua cov icons.

GNOME thiab kev sib haum xeeb yog qhov zoo sib xws. Lawv yog cov niaj hnub kev kawm ua ke uas siv lub tswv yim ntawm launcher icons thiab ib lub qauv duab kos rau kev khaws cov ntawv. Tseem muaj cov ntawv tseem ceeb uas tsim tau zoo nrog lub ntsiab ntawm txhua lub desktop.

KDE yog ib qho chaw kawm ib puag ncig zoo tiam sis nws muaj ib qho loj heev ntawm cov nta thiab tus txheej txheem ntawm cov txheej txheem uas muaj tag nrho customizable nrog ntau qhov chaw.

Enlightenment, XFCE, LXDE, thiab MATE yog qhov khoos phaus yooj yim nrog cov vojvoog thiab cov khoom noj. Lawv yog cov tag nrho customizable.

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Yuav ua li cas kom Linux Saib Txoj Kev Koj Xav Mus Rau

Ntxiv Ib Daim Dock rau Openbox.

Qhov zoo tshaj plaws txog Linux yog tias koj tuaj yeem ua rau nws zoo thiab xav tias koj xav kom nws.

Cov phoojywg txuas hauv qab no yuav qhia koj ntau txoj hau kev txav ib puag ncig hauv ntau qhov chaw ua haujlwm thiab npaj lub desktop ua qhov koj xav tau.

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Siv lub tshuab Linux ua li cas

KDE Plasma Desktop.

Txhua Linux duab chaw ua haujlwm me ntsis txawv thiab yog li npog tag nrho cov hauv paus yuav tsum siv sijhawm.

Txawm li cas los ntawm no yog ib co kev qhia zoo rau koj pib koj:

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Kuv tuaj yeem txuas rau hauv Internet

Txuas rau Internet Siv Ubuntu.

Whilst txuas rau hauv internet txawv rau txhua qhov chaw kawm tus thawj tswj tsev kawm ntawv yog tib yam.

Yuav muaj lub cim npe ntawm lub vaj huam sib luag qhov chaw. Nias ntawm lub icon thiab koj yuav tsum pom ib daim ntawv teev cov wireless networks.

Nyem ntawm lub network thiab nkag mus rau qhov kev ruaj ntseg yuam.

Cov npe ntawm cov khoom no txuas mus rau ib phau ntawv qhia txog kev siv Ubuntu Linux nrog Kev Sib Txawv thiab nws kuj qhia tau tias yuav ua li cas los ntawm kev hais kom ua. Ntau »

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Qhov Zoo Tshaj Rau Kev Suab

Quod Libet Audio Player.

Linux yog huab tais thaum nws los ua si audio files. Muaj ntau ntau cov suab ntawv zoo heev thiab nws yog ib rooj plaub uas xaiv ib lossis ntau dua uas koj nyiam.

Phau ntawv no qhia txog qee qhov cuab yeej zoo tshaj plaws rau Linux xws li kev ua si thiab ripping cov xov tooj cua hauv online, suab paj nruag players, thiab podcast managers.

Yog xav paub ntau dua phau ntawv qhia cov suab paj nruag mus saib cov hauv qab no:

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Qhov zoo tshaj plaws Qhov Chaw Rau Email

Evolution Email Client.

Nws yog feem ntau hais tias tsis muaj ib qho khi rau Outlook hauv Linux. Tiag?

Piv txwv tias koj tsis zoo siab siv tej yam xws li GMail lub vas sab web interface ntawm no yog ib co ntsiab lus zoo heev.

Evolution
Thunderbird
KMail
Geary

Ntau »

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Qhov Zoo Tshaj Rau Kev Tawm Hauv Lub Vev Xaib

Zoo tshaj Linux Web Browsers.

Linux muaj tag nrho cov zoo browsers muaj xws li Chrome, Chromium, Firefox, thiab Midori.

Nws tsis muaj Internet Explorer lossis Edge, tab sis leej twg xav tau lawv. Chrome muaj txhua yam koj puas tau xav tau hauv qhov browser. Ntau »

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Puas Muaj Puas Muaj Cov Chav Lij Cheeb Tsam Rau Linux?

LibreOffice.

Muaj tsis muaj kev ntseeg tias Microsoft Office yog tus nqi khoom hwm thiab nws yog ib qho cuab tam zoo heev thiab nws yog ib qho nyuaj rau kev tshaj tawm thiab tshaj qhov zoo ntawm qhov khoom ntawd.

Kev siv tus kheej thiab rau cov lag luam me me lossis nrab yuav twv tau tias Google Docs thiab LibreOffice zoo tswv yim thiab ntawm ib feem ntawm cov nqi.

LibreOffice los nrog ib lo lus processor nrog feem ntau ntawm cov yam ntxwv koj yuav tau txais los ntawm ib lo lus processor. Nws kuj tuaj yeem nrog ib tus dlej tshaj tawm cov cuab yeej uas ntxiv dua yog featured thiab txawm tias nrog ib qhov kev qhia yooj yim lub cajmeem tab txawm nws tsis tau tshaj VBA Excel.

Lwm cov cuab yeej muaj xws li kev nthuav qhia, lej, cov ntaub ntawv thiab cov duab kos uas yog txhua yam zoo. Ntau »

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Yuav ua li cas rau nruab Software siv Linux

Synaptic Pob Manager.

Linux cov neeg siv tsis nruab software tib yam li cov neeg siv qhov rais ua txawm hais tias qhov txawv yog qhov tsawg dua thiab tsawg dua.

Feem ntau, yog tias ib tug neeg siv Linux xav nruab ib lub pob lawv khiav ib lub cuab tam hu ua tus tswj xyuas pob.

Ib tus thawj tswj xyuas pob khoom siv txaij uas khaws cov pob khoom tuaj yeem ntsia tau.

Cov cuab yeej pob khoom feem ntau muab ib txoj kev rau kev nrhiav software, nruab software, khaws cov software mus txog hnub thiab tshem tawm cov software.

Raws li peb tsiv mus rau yav tom ntej qee Linux distributions yog qhia txog hom tshiab ntawm tej pob khoom uas yog nws tus kheej muaj nyob hauv ntau hauv cov apps.

Txhua qhov muab faib rau nws tus kheej graphical cuab tam. Muaj ntau qhov kev hais kom siv cov cuab yeej siv los ntawm ntau yam kev faib khoom.

Piv txwv li, Ubuntu, Linux Mint, thiab Debian tag nrho cov neeg siv apt-get package manager .

Fedora thiab CentOS siv tus thawj tswj yum pob .

Koov thiab Manjaro siv Pacman .

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Linux Npaj Kab

Qhib Terminal.

Ntau ntau yog hais txog Linux cov neeg siv los siv lub davhlau ya nyob twg uas tiv thaiv nws ua qhov nrov ntawm cov pawg. Poppycock.

Whilst nws yog qhov tseem ceeb los kawm txog cov lus txib yooj yooj yim (tib yam yuav tau qhia rau DOS lus txib hauv lub qhov rais) tsis muaj qhov yuav tsum tau ua li ntawd.

Thawj qhov uas koj yuav tsum paub txog yog thaum yuav qhib lub davhlau ya nyob twg thiab muaj cov tswv yim ntawm txoj kev ua li ntawd.

Vim li cas nws hu ua lub davhlau ya nyob twg? Lub davhlau ya nyob twg yog luv luv rau lub davhlau ya nyob twg thiab nws rov qab mus rau hnub uas thaum tib neeg nkag mus rau lub cev qis. Tam sim no txhua yam koj yuav tsum paub yog tias lub davhlau ya nyob twg yog qhov twg koj nkag Linux lus txib.

Thaum koj muaj lub davhlau ya nyob twg qhib koj yuav tsum paub tiag tiag li cas thiaj nrhiav tau koj txoj kev nyob ib ncig thiab phau ntawv no qhia koj li cas.

Nws kuj yog tsim nyog kawm txog kev tso cai. Phau ntawv no qhia tau hais tias yuav tsim ib tus neeg li cas thiab ntxiv rau ib pab pawg . Ntawm no yog lwm phau ntawv qhia tias yuav ua li cas ntxiv rau cov neeg siv, muab pawg pab pawg thiab tso cai .

Ib lo lus txib uas cov neeg siv feem ntau kawm ntxov yog qhov kev txiav txim ntawm sudo tab sis tsis qhib qhov muag kom siv commands siv sudo tsis nkag siab txog nws ua li cas vim tias nws yuav tag nrho hauv kev puas tsuaj. Luckily phau ntawv no qhia koj txhua yam koj xav paub txog qhov kev txiav txim sudo .

Whilst koj nyob ntawm nws, koj yuav tsum tau nkag siab txog kev hloov cov neeg siv qhov kev hais kom ua su .

Yeej tseem ceeb lub sudo hais kom koj elevate koj permissions kom koj tau khiav ib tug neeg hais kom ua lwm tus neeg siv. Los ntawm kev pheej hmoo tias lwm tus neeg siv yog hauv paus neeg siv.

Qhov hais kom ua su siv koj cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb kom koj khiav raws li tus neeg siv khoom siv. Koj tuaj yeem khiav hauv cov lus txib ua tus neeg siv ntawd.

Lub vev xaib no muaj kaum ob ntawm cov khoom uas qhia txog kev siv cov kab hais kom ua thiab nws tsim nyog kuaj xyuas rov qab los saib seb qhov twg yog qhov tshiab. Nov yog qee cov qauv ntawm qee cov loov ntxiv

Thiab thaum kawg rau kev lom zem me ntsis:

15 lo lus txib uas yuav tsa koj lub ntiaj teb

Txoj kev xaus

Nyob rau hauv phau ntawv no kuv tau qhia koj seb Linux zoo li cas, vim li cas koj yuav siv nws, li cas Linux distributions yog thiab xaiv ib lub Linux, yuav ua li cas rau nruab nws, yuav ua li cas rau Linux, yuav ua li cas khiav Linux, phau ntawv qhia mus rau qhov zoo tshaj plaws daim ntawv sau npe, yuav ua li cas rau nruab kev siv thiab yuav ua li cas siv cov lus txib. Qhov no yuav tsum muab koj tso rau ntawm txoj kev zoo rau kev mus rau tom ntej.