Ib Daim Ntawv Qhia Txog Lub Hauv Paus rau Lub Lag Luam Haujlwm

by Gary Newell

Cov nram qab no qhia txog tej yam uas cov neeg siv yuav tsum paub ua ntej lawv nruab Linux.

Koj yuav pom cov lus teb rau ntau cov lus nug xws li cov khoom siv Linux no, qhov twg yog qhov txawv ntawm Linux thiab GNU / Linux, Linux faib thiab yog vim licas thiaj li muaj ntau ntau?

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Linux yog dab tsi?

Linux, zoo li WIndows yog ib qho kev khiav haujlwm.

Nws yog ntau tshaj li ntawd. Linux yog lub cav siv los ua hluav taws xob duab khiav lag luam lub tshuab, hu ua distributions, xws li Ubuntu, Red Hat thiab Debian.

Nws kuj siv los ua ke hauv xov tooj cua uas siv hauv xov tooj thiab ntsiav tshuaj.

Linux kuj yog siv los ua cov ntse rau hauv kev siv tshuab hlwb hlau xws li televisions, fridges, cua sov thiab cov cua sov.

Kuv tau sau ib daim ntawv qhia tiav rau "Linux yog dab tsi" nyob ntawm no .

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GNU / Linux yog dab tsi?

Linux Vs GNU / Linux.

Feem ntau Linux yog siv raws li lub sij hawm ntes rau tag nrho cov kev pabcuam thiab cov cuab yeej siv los ua cov duab Linux uas nws yog dabtsi.

Qhov project GNU yog lub luag haujlwm rau ntau ntau ntawm cov cuab yeej siv nrog rau Linux ntsiav.

Feem ntau, thaum koj hnov lub sij hawm GNU / Linux nws yog synonymous nrog Linux thiab qee zaum yog tias koj tsuas siv lub sij hawm Linux ib tug neeg yuav dhia rau koj thiab hais tias "koj txhais tau tias GNU / Linux".

Kuv tsis txhawj txog qhov ntawd, ho. Cov neeg feem ntau hais lo lus hoover thaum lawv txhais tias nqus huv, lossis Sellotape thaum lawv txhais tias nplaum nplaum.

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Dab Tsi Yog Licas?

Linux Distributions.

On nws tus kheej Linux tsis yog tiag tiag tag nrho cov uas tseem ceeb. Koj yuav tsum tau ntxiv lwm cov kev pabcuam thiab lwm yam cuab yeej rau nws kom nws ua li koj xav kom nws ua.

Piv txwv li, lub tshuab hluav taws xob Linux yuav tsis ua hauj lwm nrog Linux xwb. Ib tug neeg yuav tsum sau cov kev pabcuam thiab cov tsav tsheb yuav tsum tswj lub ntsuas cua, ua kom pom cov lus qhia txog qhov ntsuas kub thiab txhua txhua qhov chaw uas yuav tsum tau ua rau lub ntse txias .

Linux faib yog nyob rau hauv lawv cov tub ntxhais cov tshuab Linux, nrog GNU cov cuab yeej ntxiv rau saum toj thiab ces ib co ntawm lwm daim ntawv sau npe uas cov neeg tsim khoom txiav txim siab mus ua ke ua ke kom lawv faib.

Ib feem Linux tshuab faib feem ntau yog tsim los nrog qee qhov lossis tag nrho cov cuab yeej hauv qab no:

Lub tshuab Linux
GNU / Cov cuab yeej
Tus saib xyuas zaub mov
Tus thawj tswj qhov rai
Ib qhov chaw ib puag ncig
Ib qho installer
Cov neeg saib xyuas pob
Duab software xws li chav ua haujlwm, email xa ntawv, web browsers, video players, suab players, thiab lwm yam

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Vim Li Cas Thiaj Muaj Ntau Tshooj Ntau Distributions?

Linux Distributions.

Qhov no yog ib lo lus nug zoo thiab tsis yog ib qho yooj yim heev.

Txhua leej txhua tus muaj lawv lub tswv yim raws li lawv xav tau ib qho kev khiav hauj lwm ua los ua thiab ntau dua li cov neeg muaj kev xav tau sib txawv.

Piv txwv li, qee cov neeg muaj computers heev heev kom lawv xav tau tag nrho cov kev ntsuam xyuas whizzy qhov twg lwm cov neeg yuav muaj ib qho netbook uas tsis muaj zog.

Instantly, los ntawm qhov piv txwv saum toj no, koj tuaj yeem pom qhov xav tau ob Linux distributions.

Qee cov neeg xav kom muaj tag nrho cov latest software sai li sai tau thaum nws muaj txawm whilst lwm tus xav software uas yog incredibly ruaj khov. Ntau cov kev faib khoom muaj nyob rau hauv vim lawv muaj ntau theem ntawm kev ruaj ntseg.

Fedora, piv txwv li, muaj tag nrho cov tshiab nta tab sis Debian yog ruaj khov tab sis nrog cov laus software.

Linux muab ntau txoj kev xaiv. Muaj ntau ntau cov tswj kev tswj qhov rai thiab cov duab ua haujlwm (tsis txhob txhawj peb yuav tau ua dab tsi lawv tsocai).

Qee distributions nyob ua ke vim hais tias lawv siv ib qho chaw ib qho chaw txawm tias lwm tus yuav siv lub chaw sib txawv.

Feem ntau, ntau thiab ntau distributions pop vim hais tias cov neeg tsim khoom tau pom ib lub niche.

Ntau yam li cov lag luam thiab pop bands, ntau Linux distributions tsis muaj sia nyob, tiam sis kuj muaj qee qhov loj loj distributions ntawm Linux uas yuav nyob ib ncig ntawm lub neej yav tom ntej.

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Kuv Yuav Tsum Siv Linux Distribution?

Tshaj tawm.

Qhov no tej zaum cov lus nug nug feem ntau ntawm Reddit, Quora, thiab Yahoo cov lus teb thiab nws yeej yog cov lus nug kuv tau nug tshaj.

Qhov no kuj yog ib qho lus nug tsis txaus los teb vim tias taw tes 4 hais txhua tus neeg muaj kev xav tau sib txawv.

Kuv tau sau ib daim ntawv taw qhia qhia tias yuav xaiv Linux ib qho tiam sis tom qab hnub kawg nws yog tus xaiv.

Kuv pom zoo distributions rau cov neeg siv tshiab rau Linux xws li Ubuntu, Linux Mint, PCLinuxOS thiab Zorin OS.

Kuv lub tswv yim yog mus rau Distrowatch, saib cov kev sib tw ntawm sab xis, nyeem cov lus piav qhia ntawm cov kev faib khoom, sim ob peb cov khoom faib hauv Virtualbox thiab tsim koj lub siab ua rau qhov zoo tshaj rau koj.

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Yog Puas Yog Dabtsi?

Yog Linux dawb.

Muaj ob nqe lus uas koj yuav hnov ntau txog Linux:

Dawb li hauv npias
Dawb raws li nyob rau hauv kev hais lus

Cov ntsiab lus no txhais tau li cas?

Dawb raws li nyob rau hauv npias txhais tau tias nws raug nqi txhua yam kev siv nyiaj txiag. Yog hais tias koj xav txog nws logically npias tsis yog dawb. Koj feem ntau tau them rau npias. Li ntawd, yog leejtwg muab koj npias rau dawb koj yuav xav tsis thoob.

Hav, kwv yees li cas? Feem ntau cov faib distributions uas yog pub dawb thiab pom tau yog li ntawd pub dawb rau hauv npias.

Muaj qee qhov Linux faib uas them nyiaj xws li Red Hat Linux thiab ELive, tiam sis feem ntau yog muab pub dawb rau ntawm qhov kev siv.

Cov lus pub dawb xws li hauv kev hais lus yog hais txog qhov koj siv lub Cheebtsam xws li cov cuabyeej, lub hauv paus, cov ntaub ntawv, cov dluab thiab txhua tsav txhua yam.

Yog hais tias koj tuaj yeem tau download, hloov kho thiab rov faib cov ntaub ntawv xws li cov ntaub ntawv ces qhov no xam tau tias yog pub dawb rau hauv kev hais lus.

Ntawm no yog ib qho kev qhia zoo rau ntawm qhov kev kawm.

Feem coob ntawm Linux faib thiab feem ntau ntawm cov cuab yeej muab rau Linux pub rau koj download, kho kom raug, saib thiab rov faib dua li koj

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Kuv Sim Puas Sim Ua Luam Yeej Tsis Muaj Dab Tsi?

Sim Linux.

Muaj ntau lub Tshooj Nruab Nrab Linux muab ib tus qauv nyob rau ntawm cov kev khiav hauj lwm uas muaj peev xwm ua tau ncaj nraim los ntawm USB drive.

Xwb, koj tuaj yeem sim khiav Linux hauv lub tshuab virtual los ntawm kev siv lub cuab yeej hu ua Virtualbox.

Qhov kawg daws yog rau dual khau raj qhov rais nrog Linux.

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Yuav Ua Li Cas Kuv Yeej Tsim Tau Ib Lub Neej Raws Li Cas Linux?

Tsim USB tsav nrog Etcher.

Muaj ntau cov cuab yeej muaj rau lub Windows uas tau siv los tsim ib lub Linux Linux tsav xws li:

Win32 Disk Imager
Rufus
Universal USB Installer
UNetbootin

Siv Distrowatch kom nrhiav tau ib qho kev sib faib thiab mus rau qhov project homepage.

Nyem qhov download link txuas mus download tau ib qho duab ISO (disk duab) ntawm Linux faib.

Siv ib qho ntawm cov cuab yeej saum toj no los sau cov duab ISO rau USB drive.

Muaj qee tus taw kev ntawm qhov chaw no twb tau pab:

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Yuav ua li cas yooj yim yog nws los nruab Linux?

Nruab Ubuntu.

Lo lus nug no thim rov qab rau point 4. Qee cov kev faib khoom yooj yim dua rau nruab dua lwm tus.

Feem ntau hais lus, Ubuntu-raws li kev faib tawm yog yooj yim heev rau nruab. Lwm tus neeg xws li openSUSE, Fedora, thiab Debian yog me ntsis xav paub tab sis tseem ncaj ncaj rau pem hauv ntej.

Qee qhov kev faib khoom faib rau ntau yam xws li Gentoo, Koov, thiab Slackware.

Txhim kho Linux rau nws tus kheej yog yooj yim dua dual booting tab sis ob lub booting nrog lub qhov rais tsis yog tias nyuaj ua rau feem ntau.

Ntawm no yog ob peb cov lus qhia los pab:

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Dab Tsi Yog Ib Tug Puag Ncig?

Kev Kawm Duab.

Xaiv ib tug Linux faib tsis yog tib txoj kev xaiv uas koj yuav tsum ua thiab qhov tseeb xaiv qhov faib yuav ua tau raws li lub chaw kawm uas tsim nyog koj xav tau thiab ua raws li qhov zoo tshaj plaws.

Ib qho chaw ib puag ncig yog ib phau ntawm cov cuab yeej graphical tau muab ua ib qho los ua ib tus neeg siv cohesive.

Ib qho chaw duab yuav muaj qee qhov lossis tag nrho cov hauv qab no:

tus neeg saib xyuas qhov rai
panels
menus
widgets
cov ntaub ntawv tus thawj tswj
browser
chaw ua haujlwm suite
ntawv editor
terminal
zaub saib

Tus thawj tswj qhov rai yuav txiav txim siab seb qhov rais rau txhua qhov kev coj ua coj zoo li cas.

Tus neeg saib xyuas zaub mov muab ib txoj kev graphical rau cov neeg siv xa mus rau ib qho kev faib.

Lub vaj huam sib luag feem ntau muaj cov ntawv qhia zaub mov, qhib lub cim icons rau cov ntawv siv thiab cov tais hluav taws xob.

Cov duab nrov tshaj plaws yog raws li nram no:

Kev sib sau
GNOME
KDE
Cinnamon
MATE
Enlightenment
Pantheon
XFCE
LXDE

Koj xaiv desktop yuav feem ntau tuaj rau tus kheej nyiam.

Kev sib haum xeeb thiab GNOME zoo sib xws nrog ib qhov chaw khiav lag luam thiab kev sib tham ntawm dashboard style rau kev siv cov npe.

KDE thiab Cinnamon yog cov tshuaj ntau dua nrog cov iav thiab cov khoom noj.

XFCE, LXDE, thiab MATE tseem sib zog thiab ua haujlwm zoo dua qub rau cov khoom qub.

Pantheon yog ib lub qauv huv crisp puag ncig thiab yuav txaus siab rau cov neeg siv Apple.

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Yuav Kuv Cov Khoom Siv Ua Haujlwm?

Linux Hardware Kev Txhawb.

Ib qho tswvyim hais ua dabneeg yog tias cov cuab yeej xws li tshuab luam ntawv, tshuab luam ntawv, thiab cov suab cuab yeej tsis yog los ntawm Linux.

Thaum peb tsiv mus rau pem hauv ntej xyoo pua 21st, ntau thiab ntau kho vajtse yog kev txhawb los ntawm Linux thiab ntau zaus nws yog qhov chaw uas koj yuav pom koj tus kheej tua tsiaj rau cov tsav tsheb.

Nws muaj qee cov cuab yeej uas tsuas yog tsis txaus siab.

Lub vev xaib no tuaj yeem pab koj ua haujlwm seb koj puas muaj tej yam tsis tau txais kev txhawb nqa.

Ib txoj hauv kev zoo rau kev sim yog los tsim ib qho kev nyob ntawm ib qho kev sib faib khoom thiab sim kho qhov teeb meem tawm ua ntej nkag mus rau Linux.

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Kuv Puas Hloov Rho Tawm Qhovtwg?

PlayOnLinux.

Muaj ib lub cuab yeej hu ua WINE uas ua rau nws khiav tau cov ntawv siv ntawm qhov rais, tiam sis tsis yog txhua yam kev txhawb nqa.

Koj feem ntau yuav pom ib daim ntawv thov Linux uas muab tib yam nta raws li lub Windows daim ntawv thov uas koj tseem tabtom khiav.

Cov lus nug yuav tsum, yog li ntawd, ua "Kuv puas xav khiav qhov rais software?"

Yog tias koj xav khiav qhov rais software mus saib cov lus qhia no:

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Kuv Yuav Ua Li Cas Tso Nruab Nrab Software Siv Linux?

Synaptic Pob Manager.

Txoj kev zoo tshaj los txhim kho software uas siv siv Linux yog siv lub pob tswj los tsim rau hauv qhov system.

Siv lub npav pob (xws li software center, synaptic, yum extender) koj tsis yog kev txhim kho feem ntau tshaj plaws ntawm cov software, tiam sis nws tseem yuav tsis muaj kev tsim txom.

Heev ob peb software pob ntawv yog ntsia los ntawm tus neeg muag khoom lub website thiab txhaj khawm download.

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Kuv Mus Saib Cov Yeeb Yaj Yeeb Thiab Cov Yeeb Yam Ua Si MP3?

Rhythmbox.

Muab kev txhawb rau cov qauv codecs, cov tsav tsheb, cov ntawv sau thiab lwm yam software tsis yog ib txwm muaj tawm hauv lub thawv hauv Linux.

Distributions xws li Ubuntu, Fedora, Debian thiab openSUSE yuav tsum txhim kho software ntxiv thiab ntxiv cov khoom ntxiv.

Lwm cov khoom faib xws li Linux Mint muaj txhua yam ncaj nraim.

Feem ntau, lub installation ntawm proprietary software thiab cov tsav tsheb yog zoo sau tseg.

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Kuv Puas Yuav Tsum Siv Los Siv Cov Terminal?

Screenfetch Rau Ubuntu.

Nws tsis yog tsim nyog yuav tsum tau kawm los siv lub davhlau ya nyob twg.

Cov neeg siv cov neeg nyiam nyiam tshawb hauv kev tshaj xov xwm, saib yeeb yaj kiab, mloog suab paj nruag thiab siv chaw ua hauj lwm software yuav tsis chwv cov dav hlau.

Qee distributions ua yooj yim dua lwm tus kom tsis txhob hais kom paub cov kab kev paub.

Nws yog tsim nyog rau kev kawm kev qhia txog lub davhlau ya nyob twg vim kev pabcuam feem ntau yog siv cov kab lus hais raws li qhov no yog tus cwj pwm ua haujlwm thoob plaws txhua qhov kev faib tawm.