Linux commands ua lub neej yooj yim
Phau ntawv no qhia koj kom tsim cov neeg siv hauv Linux siv txoj kab hais kom ua. Txawm tias muaj ntau tus duab Linux distributions muab cov cuab yeej graphical rau tsim cov neeg siv nws yog ib lub tswv yim zoo uas yuav tsum ua li cas los ntawm kev hais kom ua kab xwv kom koj tuaj yeem hloov koj cov kev txawj los ntawm ib qho kev faib tawm mus rau lwm tus tsis muaj kev kawm tshiab.
01 ntawm 12
Yuav ua li cas los tsim ib tus neeg siv
Cia peb pib los tsim ib tus neeg siv yooj yim.
Cov lus txib nram qab no yuav ntxiv ib tus neeg siv tshiab hu ua kev xeem rau koj qhov system:
sudo useradd xeem
Dab tsi yuav tshwm sim thaum qhov kev hais kom ua tiav ntawd yog nyob ntawm cov txheej txheem ntawm cov ntaub ntawv ua nyob hauv / etc / default / useradd.
Txheeb xyuas cov ntsiab lus ntawm / etc / default / useradd khiav cov lus qhia nram qab no:
sudo nano / etc / default / useradd
Cov ntaub ntawv configuration yuav teem lub plhuab vim tias Ubuntu yog hauv / sh. Tag nrho lwm cov kev xaiv tau tawm tswv yim tawm.
Cov tswv yim tawm tswv yim tso cai rau koj teem caij ua kom lub tsev tsis muaj tsev, ib pawg, cov hnub tom qab tus password tas sij hawm ua ntej tus account tau xiam oob khab thiab lub hnub nyoog expiry hnub.
Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws tau los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv saud yog tias khiav cov neeg siv kev hais kom ua tsis muaj cov keyboards yuav tsim ntau yam sib txawv ntawm cov khoom sib txawv thiab nws yog txhua yam ua nrog rau qhov chaw nyob hauv / etc / default / useradd file.
Ntxiv rau cov ntaub ntawv / etc / default / useradd, tseem muaj cov ntaub ntawv hu ua /etc/login.defs uas yuav muab los tham tom qab hauv phau ntawv no.
Tseem ceeb: sudo tsis ntsia ntawm txhua qhov kev faib tawm. Yog hais tias nws tsis tau ntsia koj yuav tsum nkag mus rau hauv ib qho nyiaj uas tsim nyog tso cai rau tsim cov neeg siv
02 ntawm 12
Yuav Ua Li Cas Tsim Ib Tus Neeg Siv Cov Tsev Qhia Ntawv Hauv Tsev
Tus piv txwv yav dhau los yog yooj yim yooj yim tab sis tus neeg siv tau los yog tsis tau muab ib qho kev qhia hauv tsev raws li cov ntaub ntawv teev tseg.
Txhawm rau tsim cov creation ntawm ib phau tsev siv cov lus qhia nram qab no:
useradd -m xeem
Cov lus hais saum toj no tsim ib phau ntawv / tsev / xeem rau cov neeg siv kuaj.
03 ntawm 12
Yuav ua li cas los tsim ib tus neeg siv nrog Ib lub Tsev Qhia Ncaws Lwm Yam
Yog tias koj xav kom tus neeg siv kom muaj ib daim nplaub tshev hauv tsev hauv lwm qhov chaw rau lub neej ntawd koj tuaj yeem siv qhov kev hloov -d.
sudo useradd --m -d / xeem xeem
Cov lus hais saum toj no yuav tsim ib lub npe hu ua kev xeem rau cov neeg siv kuaj raws li hauv paus hauv paus.
Lus Cim: Tsis pub dhau lub -m hloov qhov nplaub tshev yuav tsis raug tsim. Nws nyob ntawm qhov chaw nyob hauv /etc/login.defs.
Yuav kom tau qhov no mus ua hauj lwm tsis muaj tus paub txog tus -m hloov kho cov ntaub ntawv /etc/login.defs thiab hauv qab ntawm cov ntaub ntawv ntxiv cov kab hauv qab no:
CREATE_HOME tau
04 ntawm 12
Yuav Hloov Dab Tsi Siv Tus Password Tus Neeg Siv Los Ntawm Linux
Tam sim no hais tias koj tau tsim ib tus neeg siv nrog ib daim nplaub tshev hauv tsev koj yuav tsum hloov tus neeg siv tus password.
Txhim kho tus neeg siv tus password koj yuav tsum tau siv cov lus txib nram qab no:
passwd kev xeem
Cov lus hais saum toj no yuav cia koj teem caij ntsuas tus password tus neeg siv. Koj yuav tau txais kev tso cai rau tus password uas koj xav siv.
05 ntawm 12
Yuav ua li cas hloov cov neeg siv
Koj tuaj yeem ntsuam xyuas koj tus neeg siv nyiaj tshiab los ntawm sau cov nram qab no rau hauv qhov chaw davhlau:
su - xeem
Cov lus hais saum toj no yuav ua rau cov neeg siv nyiaj rau qhov kev xeem ntawv thiab xav tias koj tsim ib daim nplaub tshev hauv tsev koj yuav muab tso rau hauv phau ntawv pov thawj tsev rau tus neeg siv ntawd.
06 ntawm 12
Tsim Ib Tus Neeg Siv Nrog Hnub Siv Tawm
Yog tias koj ua haujlwm hauv lub chaw ua haujlwm thiab koj muaj ib tus neeg tshiab ua haujlwm pib rau leej twg tuaj nyob ntawm koj qhov chaw ua haujlwm rau ib lub sijhawm luv luv ces koj yuav tau teem sijhawm hnub kawg ntawm nws tus account tus neeg siv.
Ib yam li ntawd, yog tias koj muaj tsev neeg tuaj nyob ces koj tuaj yeem tsim ib tus neeg siv nyiaj rau tus neeg hauv tsev neeg uas tag sijhawm tom qab lawv tawm.
Txhawm rau teem caij rau hnub uas siv tus neeg siv, siv cov lus txib nram qab no:
useradd -d / home / test -e 2016-02-05 kuaj
Hnub tim yuav tsum tau muab teev rau hauv YYYY-MM-DD qhov twg YYYY yog xyoo, MM yog lub hli nab npawb thiab DD yog hnub naj npawb.
07 ntawm 12
Yuav Ua Li Cas Tsim Ib Tus Neeg Siv Thiab Muab Nws Rau Ib Pawg
Yog tias koj muaj ib tug neeg siv tshiab pub ntxiv rau koj lub lag luam ces koj yuav xav muab ib pawg rau tus neeg siv ntawd kom lawv nkag tau rau tib cov ntaub ntawv thiab cov folders li lwm tus neeg hauv lawv pab pawg.
Piv txwv li, xav txog qhov koj muaj ib tug txiv neej hu ua John thiab nws tau koom ua ib tug accountant.
Cov lus txib nram qab no yuav ntxiv rau john rau pawg neeg.
useradd -m john -G nyiaj
08 ntawm 12
Kho cov npe nkag tuaj hauv Linux
Cov ntaub ntawv /etc/login.defs yog ib qho kev ua ntaub ntawv tsim tawm uas muab tus cwj pwm ua vim rau kev nkag mus rau kev ua ub no.
Muaj qee qhov tseem ceeb hauv cov ntaub ntawv no. Qhib cov ntaub ntawv /etc/login.defs nkag mus rau hauv qab no:
sudo nano /etc/login.defs
Tus login.defs ntawv muaj cov nram qab no nqis uas koj xav hloov:
- PASS_MAX_DAYS - Ntev npaum li cas ua ntej ib tus password ncua.
- PASS_MIN_DAYS - Muaj pes tsawg zaus tuaj yeem hloov tau tus password.
- PASS_WARN_AGE - Cov naj npawb ntawm cov hnub ceeb toom ua ntej ib tus password ncua.
- LOGIN_RETRIES - Tus naj npawb ntawm tus ID nkag mus ua ntej tsis ua hauj lwm.
- LOGIN_TIMEOUT - Ntev npaum li cas nws ua ntej tus ID nkag mus tawm.
- DEFAULT_HOME - Ib tug neeg siv nkag mus yog tias tsis muaj daim nplaub tshev hauv tsev.
Nco ntsoov tias cov no yog cov kev xaiv ua tsis tau zoo thiab lawv tuaj yeem ua kom dhau thaum tsim ib tus neeg tshiab.
09 ntawm 12
Yuav ua li cas kom qhia tau tus ID nkag mus Password thaum tsim Tsim Ib Tus Neeg
Koj tuaj yeem teem sijhawm rau hnub vas thib tas, tus naj npawb ntawm tus ID nkag mus thiab lub sij hawm thaum tsim ib tus neeg siv.
Cov piv txwv nram qab no qhia tau hais tias yuav ua li cas tsim ib tus neeg siv nrog tus password, ceeb toom ntau kawg hnub ua ntej tus password tam sim thiab tus ID nkag mus rov qab.
sudo useradd test5 -m -K PASS_MAX_DAYS = 5 -K PASS_WARN_AGE = 3-K LOGIN_RETRIES = 1
10 ntawm 12
Hwjchim Tsim Ntawm Ib Tus Neeg Uas Tsis Muaj Ib Tug Ntiag Tug Tsev
Yog hais tias tus login.defs cov ntaub ntawv muaj qhov xaiv CREATE_HOME tau teem caij ces thaum tus neeg siv tsim ib daim nplaub tshev lub tsev yuav raug tsim.
Txhawm rau tsim ib tus neeg siv tsis muaj ib phau ceev xwm txheej tsis hais txog ntawm qhov kev siv siv cov lus qhia nram qab no:
useradd -M xeem
Nws yog qhov ruam tag-uas yog qhov tsim kom muaj tsev thiab -M sawv kev tsis tsim tsev.
11 ntawm 12
Qhia meej rau Tus Neeg Siv Lub Npe Thaum Tsim Tsim Ib Tus Neeg
Ua ib feem ntawm koj tus neeg siv kev tsim txoj cai, koj yuav xaiv ua ib yam dab tsi zoo li thawj zaug pib, ua raws li lub xeem. Piv txwv, tus username rau "John Smith" yuav yog "jsmith".
Thaum nrhiav cov ntsiab lus hais txog tus neeg siv koj yuav tsis tau paub qhov txawv ntawm John Smith thiab Jenny Smith.
Koj tuaj yeem sau ib qho tswv yim thaum tsim kom tau ib tus account kom nws yooj yim mus nrhiav kom paub tus neeg siv lub npe tiag tiag.
Cov lus txib nram qab no qhia tau hais tias yuav ua li cas ua li no:
useradd -m jsmith -c "john smith"
12 ntawm 12
Ntsuam xyuas cov / etc / passwd Cov Ntaub Ntawv
Thaum koj tsim ib tus neeg siv cov ntsiab lus ntawm tus neeg siv raug ntxiv rau cov ntaub ntawv / etc / passwd.
Xav saib cov ntsiab lus hais txog ib tug neeg siv koj siv tau cov lus txib grep raws li nram no:
grep john / etc / passwd
Lus Cim: Cov lus hais saum toj no yuav xa cov lus qhia txog txhua tus neeg siv nrog lo lus John raws li ib feem ntawm tus username.
Cov ntaub ntawv / etc / passuword muaj ib daim ntawv teev lus sib cais ntawm txhua tus neeg siv.
Teb yog raws li nram no:
- Lub npe;
- Encrypted password (uas koj tsis pom tseeb);
- Userid;
- Tus neeg siv daim npav ID;
- Lub npe ntawm tus neeg siv lub npe;
- Tus neeg siv tsev directory;
- Kev nkag teb chaws plhaub.