Phau ntawv no qhia txog 10 Linux lus txib uas koj xav paub txog thiaj li yuav tau los ncig koj cov ntaub ntawv siv lub tshuab dav hlau Linux.
Nws muab cov lus txib kom paub tias cov npe uas koj nyob hauv, cov npe uas koj tau ua yav dhau los, yuav ua li cas rov mus rau lwm cov folders, yuav ua li cas rov qab mus tsev, yuav ua li cas tsim cov ntaub ntawv thiab cov folders, yuav ua li cas tsim kev txuas
01 ntawm 10
Koj Tus Kheej Uas Nyob Hauv Koj
Thaum koj qhib lub davhlau ya dav hlau qhov teeb meem thawj qhov koj yuav tsum paub yog qhov twg koj nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv.
Xav txog qhov no zoo li "koj nyob ntawm no" tus cim qhia tias koj pom hauv maps hauv khw malls.
Txhawm rau paub tias daim ntawv tais ceev tseg koj tau nyob hauv koj tuaj yeem siv cov lus txib nram qab no:
pw
Cov ntsiab lus tau rov qab los ntawm pwd tej zaum yuav txawv nyob ntawm seb koj puas siv lub plhaub version ntawm pw lossis ib qho ntsia hauv koj tus / usr / bin directory.
Nyob rau hauv dav dav, nws yuav luam ib yam dab tsi nrog cov kab ntawm / tsev / username .
Nyem no yog xav paub ntxiv txog cov lus hais kom pw .
02 ntawm 10
Cov Ntaub Ntawv thiab Cov Cwj Pwm Nyob Hauv Phau Ntawv Tam Sim No
Tam sim no uas koj paub tias daim nplaub tshev uas koj nyob rau hauv, koj tuaj yeem pom cov ntaub ntawv thiab cov folders yog nyob rau hauv phau ntawv qhia tam sim no los ntawm kev siv ls hais kom ua.
Ls
Ntawm nws tus kheej, ls hais kom ua yuav sau tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv thiab cov folders hauv phau tshwj tsis yog cov pib nrog ib ntus (.).
Saib tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv nrog rau cov ntaub ntawv zais (cov uas pib nrog rau ib lub sijhawm) koj tuaj yeem siv cov kev hloov hauv qab no:
ls -a
Ib co commands tsim backups ntawm cov ntaub ntawv uas pib nrog lub tilde metacharacter (~).
Yog tias koj tsis xav pom cov backups thaum teev cov ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv ib phau ntawv siv cov kev hloov hauv qab no:
ls -B
Qhov feem ntau siv cov ls hais kom ua yog raws li nram no:
ls -lt
Qhov no muab cov ntaub ntawv ntev sorted los ntawm kev hloov kho lub sij hawm, nrog cov ua ntej tshiab.
Lwm txoj kev xaiv muaj xws li kev txuas ntxiv, qhov loj me, thiab daim ntawv:
ls -lU
ls -lx
ls -lv
Lub sijhawm ntev tshaj qhia koj cov ntaub ntawv li hauv qab no:
- kev tso cai
- pes tsawg tus inodes rau cov ntaub ntawv (mus saib qhov sib txuas)
- tus tswv
- pawg pab pawg
- cov ntaub ntawv loj
- kawg lub sij hawm
- ntaub ntawv / nplaub tshev / txuas lub npe
03 ntawm 10
Yuav ua li cas Rov Qab Mus Rau Lwm Tus Kheej
Yuav tsiv mus nyob ib ncig ntawm cov ntaub ntawv kaw lus koj tuaj yeem siv cov cd hais kom ua .
Cov kab ke Linux yog lub qauv ntoo. Sab saum toj ntawm tsob ntoo yog denoted los ntawm ib tug slash (/).
Hauv qab ntawm cov hauv paus hauv paus, koj yuav pom qee yam lossis tag nrho cov nram qab no folders.
- Tshaj
- rau hauv
- khau raj
- cdrom
- dev
- lwm yam
- hauv tsev
- lib
- lib64
- poob + pom
- xov xwm
- mnt
- xaiv
- proc
- paus
- khiav
- sbin
- srv
- sys
- tmp
- muaj
- usr
Rau hauv nplaub tshev muaj commands uas yuav khiav los ntawm txhua tus neeg siv xws li cd hais kom ua, ls, mkdir thiab lwm yam.
Tus sbin muaj lub nruab binaries.
Lub usr nplaub tshev sawv cev rau unix system cov kev pabcuam thiab tseem muaj cov kabmob hauv ib kab ntsig thiab dabtsis. Lub / usr / bin hauv nplaub tshev muaj kev teev cov lus txib uas cov neeg siv khiav tau. Zoo sib xws, tus / usr / sbin nplaub tshev muaj ib qho kev cai ntawm cov kab ke.
Khau raj muaj txhua yam yuav tsum tau ua los ntawm cov txheej txheem khau raj.
Daim npluag cdrom yog nws tus kheej piav qhia.
Cov ntawv nplaub tshev muaj cov ntsiab lus hais txog txhua yam khoom siv nyob rau hauv.
Lub nplaub tshev etc yog feem ntau qhov twg tag nrho cov txheej txheem cov ntaub ntawv tsim muaj khaws tseg.
Lub nplaub tshev hauv tsev feem ntau yog qhov uas tag nrho cov neeg siv folders raug khaws tseg thiab rau nruab nrab neeg siv yog thaj chaw nkaus xwb uas lawv yuav tsum txhawj txog.
Cov lib thiab lib64 folders muaj tag nrho cov ntsiav thiab sib qiv sib koom.
Cov ploj + muaj nyob hauv daim nplaub tshev yuav muaj cov ntaub ntawv uas tsis muaj lub npe uas tau pom los ntawm qhov kev txiav txim fsck.
Media daim nplaub tshev yog qhov chaw uas muab xov xwm xws li USB drives nyob hauv.
Cov mnt nplaub tshev kuj tseem siv los teeb ib ntus cia xws li USB drives, lwm cov ntaub ntawv tshuab, ISO dluab, thiab lwm yam.
Cov ntawv npliag (Opt-optimization) yog siv los ntawm tej pob khoom software raws li ib qho chaw khaws cov binaries. Lwm pob ntawv siv / usr / zos.
Cov txheej txheem PR yog ib qhov kev nplaub tshev siv los ntawm lub ntsiav. Koj tsis tshua xav txhawj txog qhov kev nplaub tshev ntau dhau lawm.
Cov hauv paus hauv paus yog cov directory hauv tsev rau cov hauv paus hniav.
Lub nplaub tshev khiav yog ib daim nplaub tshev rau kev khaws cov ntaub ntawv runtime.
Srv sis yog qhov chaw koj yuav khaws tej yam xws li web folders, mysql databases, thiab subversion repositories thiab lwm yam.
Cov txheej txheem sys muaj ib cov qauv nplaub tshev los muab cov ntaub ntawv qhia tawm.
Tmp nplaub tshev yog daim ntawv tais tseg ib ntus.
Cov kab ntawv pov tseg muaj tag nrho cov khoom ntawm cov khoom xws li kev ua si, cov tsev qiv ntawv, cov ntaub ntawv khaws cia, cov txheej txheem cov ntaub ntawv, cov lus thiab cov ntawv qhia cov ntaub ntawv.
Txhav mus rau ib qho kev nplaub tshev siv cd cov lus txib raws li nram no:
cd / tsev / username / cov ntaub ntawv
04 ntawm 10
Yuav Rov Qab Rov Qab Mus Rau Lub Tsev Sij Hawm
Koj tuaj yeem rov qab mus rau tom tsev ntawm lwm qhov chaw nyob hauv txhua qhov chaw uas siv cov lus txuas mus ntxiv no:
cd ~
Nyem no rau tus qhia tag nrho rau cd ~ hais kom ua .
05 ntawm 10
Yuav Tsim Ib Hlis Tshiab
Yog tias koj xav tsim ib daim nplaub tshev tshiab koj tuaj yeem siv tau cov lus qhia nram qab no:
mkdir foldername
Nyem no rau tag nrho cov phau ntawv qhia rau cov mkdir hais kom ua .
Cov lus qhia txuas qhia tau hais tias yuav ua li cas los tsim tag nrho niam txiv kev qhia rau ib daim nplaub tshev thiab yuav ua li cas tso cai.
06 ntawm 10
Yuav ua li cas los tsim cov ntaub ntawv
Linux muab ib qho zoo kawg ntawm txoj kev tsim cov ntaub ntawv tshiab.
Los ua cov ntaub ntawv npliag koj siv tau cov lus qhia nram qab no:
kov filename
Qhov kev hais lus kov tau raug siv los mus hloov lub sij hawm kawg rau cov ntaub ntawv, tiam sis ntawm cov ntaub ntawv uas tsis muaj nyob ntawd nws muaj kev cuam tshuam ntawm kev tsim nws.
Koj tuaj yeem tsim cov ntaub ntawv uas siv cov lus qhia nram qab no:
miv> filename
Koj tuaj yeem sau ntawv rau ntawm kab ntawv hais kom ua thiab muab khaws cia rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv siv CTRL thiab D
Nyem qhov no rau tag nrho cov phau ntawv qhia rau qhov hais kom ua miv .
Ib txoj kev zoo ntawm kev tsim cov ntaub ntawv yog siv cov nano editor. Qhov no cia koj ntxiv cov ntawv ntawm cov ntawv, txiav thiab muab tshuaj, nrhiav thiab hloov cov ntawv thiab txuag tau cov ntaub ntawv rau ntau hom ntawv.
Nyem no rau tag nrho cov phau ntawv qhia rau cov nano editor .
07 ntawm 10
Yuav Muab Cov Kws Npe Li Lawm Thiab Tsiv Tawm Cov Ntaub Ntawv Hauv Zos
Cov no yog ib txoj hauv kev rau kev hloov cov ntaub ntawv.
Qhov yoojyim txoj kev los rhais ib cov ntaub ntawv yog siv cov lus txib mv.
mv oldfilename newfilename
Koj siv tau cov lus txib mv txav ib cov ntaub ntawv ntawm ib phau ntawv mus rau lwm tus thiab.
mv / path / of / original / file / path / ntawm / phiaj / sis
Nyem qhov no rau tag nrho cov phau ntawv qhia rau cov lus txib mv .
Yog hais tias koj xav rename ntau cov ntaub ntawv uas phim tus qauv zoo sib xws koj tuaj yeem siv qhov kev hais kom ua tshiab.
rename qhia hloov filename (s)
Piv txwv li:
rename "gary" "tom" *
Qhov no yuav hloov tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv daim nplaub tshev nrog gary hauv nws nrog tom. Li ntawd, ib daim ntawv hu ua garycv yuav tomcv.
Nco ntsoov tias qhov hais kom ua tsis tau zoo tsis ua haujlwm rau txhua lub tshuab. Qhov kev txiav txim siab mv yog kev nyab xeeb.
Nyem no rau tus qhia tag nrho rau cov lus hais kom ua tshiab .
08 ntawm 10
Yuav Ua Li Cas Luam Ntaub Ntawv
Los luam cov ntaub ntawv uas siv Linux koj siv tau cov lus txib cp raws li nram no.
cp filename filename2
Cov lus hais saum toj no yuav luam filename1 thiab hu nws filename2.
Koj tuaj yeem siv cov lus txib luam kom luam cov ntaub ntawv ntawm ib phau ntawv mus rau lwm tus.
Piv txwv
cp / tsev / username / Cov ntaub ntawv / userdoc1 / tsev / username / Cov ntaub ntawv / UserDocs
Cov lus hais saum toj no yuav luam cov ntaub ntawv userdoc1 ntawm / tsev / username / Cov ntaub ntawv rau / tsev / username / Cov ntaub ntawv / UserDocs
Nyem no rau tag nrho cov phau ntawv qhia rau cov cp hais kom ua .
09 ntawm 10
Yuav Rho Li Cas FIles thiab Folders
Koj tuaj yeem rho tawm cov ntaub ntawv thiab cov folders uas siv qhov kev txiav txim ua rm:
rm filename
Yog tias koj xav tshem tawm ib daim nplaub tshev koj yuav tsum tau siv cov kev hloov hauv qab no:
rm -R foldername
Cov lus hais saum toj no tshem tawm cov ntawv nplaub tshev thiab nws cov ntsiab lus nrog rau kev sau ntawv.
Nyem no rau tus qhia tag nrho rau rm hais kom ua .
10 ntawm 10
Cim Symbolic Cov Kev Sib Txuas Thiab Cov Kev Sib Sau Sib Haum
Lub cim piv txwv yog ib qho ntaub ntawv uas taw rau lwm cov ntaub ntawv. Ib tus duab shortcut yog ib qho piv txwv.
Koj tuaj yeem, piv txwv, muaj cov ntaub ntawv hauv qab no rau koj.
- /home/username/document/accounts/useraccounts.doc
Tej zaum koj xav kom muaj peev xwm mus saib tau cov ntawv ntawd los ntawm lub tsev / username.
Koj tuaj yeem tsim tau lub cim qhov siv cov lus txuas mus ntxiv no:
ln -s / home/username/documents/accounts/useraccounts.doc/home/username/useraccounts.doc
Koj tuaj yeem hloov kho tus neeg siv fileaccounts.doc los ntawm ob qho chaw, tab sis thaum koj hloov lub cim qhov txuas koj tau tiag tiag editing cov ntaub ntawv hauv lub tsev / username / username / cov ntaub ntawv / cov account.
Lub cim qhov txuas tuaj yeem tsim rau ntawm ib qho fileystem thiab taw tes rau cov ntaub ntawv rau lwm cov ntaub ntawv.
Ib lub cim qhov txuas tiag tiag yog tsim ib qho ntaub ntawv uas muaj ib lub pointer rau lwm cov ntaub ntawv lossis daim nplaub tshev.
Ib qho nyuaj txuas, li cas los xij, tsim ib qho ncaj nruab nrab ntawm ob cov ntaub ntawv. Yeej tseem zoo nkauj rau lawv yog tib cov ntaub ntawv tab sis nrog lwm lub npe.
Lub zog txuas muab ib txoj kev zoo rau categorizing cov ntaub ntawv tsis muaj kev tuaj nqa ntxiv chaw disk.
Koj tuaj yeem tsim kom muaj kev sib txuas lus siv cov nram qab no syntax:
ln filenamebeinglinked filenametolinkto
Lub syntax zoo ib yam li cov cim ntawm lub cim tab sis nws tsis siv lub -s hloov.