Phau ntawv qhia no yuav qhia koj li cas los tsim cov npe tshiab lossis cov kev qhia hauv Linux siv txoj kab sib hais.
Cov lus txib uas koj siv rau txoj kev tsim qauv yog mkdir. Tsab ntawv xov xwm no qhia koj txog txoj hauv kev tsim cov kev tsim nyob rau hauv Linux nrog rau kev tuav tag nrho cov keyboards.
Yuav Tsim Ib Phau Ntawv Tshiab
Qhov yooj yim txoj kev los tsim ib lub npe tshiab yog raws li nram no:
mkdir
Piv txwv, yog tias koj xav tsim ib phau ntawv teev nyob rau hauv koj lub tsev qiv hu ua kev xeem, qhib lub davhlau ya nyob twg thiab xyuas kom tseeb tias koj nyob hauv koj daim nplaub tshev tsev (siv cd ~ hais kom ua ).
mkdir xeem
Hloov Cov Permissions ntawm Cov Ntawv Tshiab
Tom qab tsim tus tshiab nplaub tshev koj yuav xav teem caij tso cai kom tsuas yog ib tug neeg siv tau nkag mus rau hauv lub nplaub tshev los sis qee cov neeg tuaj yeem kho cov ntaub ntawv hauv phau ntawv ceev tab sis lwm tus tau nyeem nkaus xwb.
Hauv seem kawg, kuv tau qhia koj tias yuav tsim ib lub npe hu ua kev xeem. Khiav lub ls hais kom ua yuav qhia koj cov permissions rau cov directory:
ls -lt
Qhov tseemceeb koj yuav muaj qee yam hauv qab no:
drwxr-xr-x 2 tus tswv cuab ntawm pawg 4096 Hnub tim 9, 9:34
Cov khoom me uas peb xav tau yog cov tswv tsev thiab cov pab pawg ntawm drwxr-xr-x
Qhov d qhia peb tias kev xeem yog ib phau ntawv teev npe.
Thawj peb lub cim tom qab d yog tus tswv permissions rau cov npe teev los ntawm tus tswv lub npe.
- r stands rau nyeem ntawv
- w sawv kev sau
- x sawv rau txim tuag (uas nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no txhais tau tias koj tuaj yeem nkag mus rau hauv daim nplaub tshev)
Peb lub cim tom ntej yog cov lus tso cai rau cov ntaub ntawv teev npe los ntawm pawg neeg lub npe. Cov kev xaiv dua yog r, w, thiab x. Qhov - txhais tau hais tias muaj kev tso cai ploj lawm. Nyob rau hauv qhov piv txwv saum toj no leej twg rau cov pab pawg yuav nkag mus rau hauv daim nplaub tshev thiab nyeem cov ntaub ntawv, tiam sis tsis tuaj yeem sau ntawv mus rau lub nplaub tshev.
Peb lub cim kawg yog cov cai uas tag nrho cov neeg muaj thiab raws li koj tuaj yeem pom nyob rau hauv qhov piv txwv saum toj no yog tib yam li cov pab pawg neeg tso cai.
Hloov cov cai rau cov ntaub ntawv lossis cov nplaub tshev koj tuaj yeem siv chmod hais kom ua. Qhov kev hais ua chmod cia koj qhia 3 tus lej uas teev cov kev tso cai.
- nyeem ntawv tso cai = 4
- sau ntawv tso cai = 2
- txim tuag tso cai = 1
Yuav kom tau txais kev sib xyaw kom haum koj ntxiv cov lej ua ke. Piv txwv li tau txais kev nyeem thiab kev tso cai rau tus naj npawb uas koj xav tau yog 5, kom tau nyeem thiab sau ntawv tso cai tus naj npawb yog 6 thiab tau txais kev sau thiab kev tso cai ntawm tus xov tooj yog 3.
Nco ntsoov koj yuav tsum qhia kom meej 3 zauv raws li ib feem ntawm qhov hais kom ua chmod. Thawj tus lej yog rau tus tswv tsev tso cai, tus naj npawb thib ob yog rau pawg kev tso cai thiab tus xov tooj kawg yog rau txhua tus neeg.
Piv txwv li kom tau tag nrho cov cai ntawm tus tswv, nyeem thiab ua raws cai ntawm pawg thiab tsis muaj cai rau lwm tus li hom nram no:
chmod 750 kev xeem
Yog tias koj xav hloov cov pab pawg neeg lub npe uas muaj ib tus ntawv siv cov lus txib chgrp.
Piv txwv, xav txog qhov koj xav tsim ib phau ntawv qhia tias txhua tus neeg tso nyiaj hauv koj lub lag luam tuaj yeem nkag mus tau.
Ua ntej tshaj plaws, tsim cov kev pab pawg los ntawm kev sau cov hauv qab no:
groupadd nyiaj
Yog tias koj tsis muaj cai tso cai rau tsim ib pawg koj yuav tsum siv sudo mus nce ntxiv cov cai los yog hloov mus rau ib tug account nrog cov kev tso cai uas siv cov kev cai hais txog su .
Tam sim no koj tuaj yeem hloov cov pab pawg rau ib phau ntawv sau los ntawm sau cov hauv qab no:
chgrp tso nyiaj
Piv txwv li:
chgrp nyiaj kuaj
Txhawm rau txhua tus neeg hauv pawg account nyeem ntawv, sau ntawv thiab ua raws li tus tswv tsev, tab sis nyeem rau txhua tus neeg uas koj siv tau cov lus txib nram qab no:
chmod 770 sim
Ntxiv rau tus neeg siv rau hauv cov nyiaj pab pawg neeg koj yuav zaum xav siv cov lus txib nram qab no:
usermod -a-G accounts
Cov lus hais saum toj no muab cov nyiaj pab pawg faib rau cov npe ntawm cov pab pawg thib ob uas tus neeg siv tau.
Yuav Tsim Ib Tug Npe thiab Tso Cai Piav Ntawm Lub Sij Hawm Ntawd li cas
Koj tuaj yeem tsim tau ib phau ntawv thiab tso cai rau cov ntaub ntawv teev npe ntawd tib lub sijhawm uas siv cov lus qhia nram qab no:
mkdir -m777
Cov lus hais saum toj no yuav tsim ib qho ntawv nplaub tshev uas txhua leej txhua tus tau txais. Nws yog tsawg heev uas koj xav xav tsim txhua yam nrog no hom permissions.
Tsim Tseg thiab Cov Niam Txiv Uas Yuav Tsum Muaj
Xav txog tej yam koj xav ua kom muaj cov qauv hauv kev lag luam, tiam sis koj tsis xav tsim kom txhua tus ceev ntawv nrog rau txoj kev thiab ua hauj lwm rau koj txoj kev cia hauv ib tsob ntoo.
Piv txwv, tej zaum koj yuav tsim folders rau koj lub suab paj nruag raws li nram no:
- / tsev / suab paj nruag / pob zeb / alicecooper
- / tsev / suab paj nruag / pob zeb / huab tais
- / tsev / suab paj nruag / rap / drdre
- / tsev / suab paj nruag / jazz / louisjordan
Nws yuav ua rau kom muaj lub pob zeb, ces tus Alice cooper thiab poj huab tais nplaub tshev thiab tom qab ntawd tsim qhov kev nplaub tshev thiab cov nplaub tshev hauv phau ntawv ceev xwm txheej thiab tom qab daim nplaub tshev thiab tom qab louisjordan.
Los ntawm kev qhia txog cov hauv qab no koj tuaj yeem tsim tag nrho cov niam txiv folders ntawm cov yoov yog tias lawv tsis muaj nyob.
mkdir -p
Piv txwv, kom tsim tau ib qho ntawm cov ntawv sau saum toj no sim ua raws li hais hauv qab no:
mkdir -p ~ / suab paj nruag / pob zeb / alicecooper
Tau Kev Pom Kev Pom Zoo Tias Cov Ntawv Qhia Tawm Yog Tsim
Yog vim li cas, qhov hais kom ua mkdir tsis qhia koj yog hais tias tus directory koj tsim tau ntse tsim. Yog tias tsis muaj qhov teeb meem tshwm sim ces koj tuaj yeem xav tias nws muaj.
Yog tias koj xav tau ntau tshaj tawm cov lus tso tawm kom koj paub tias dab tsi tau raug tsim los siv cov kev hloov hauv qab no.
mkdir -v
Cov zis yuav tsum raws cov kab ntawm mkdir: tsim directory / path / mus / directoryname .
Siv & # 34; mkdir & # 34; nyob rau hauv ib daim Plhaub Ntawv
Qee lub sij hawm koj yuav xav siv "mkdir" cov lus txib ua ib feem ntawm cov ntawv plhaub. Piv txwv, cia saib ntawm ib tsab ntawv uas lees txais ib txoj kev. Thaum cov ntawv sau tseg nws yuav tsim daim nplaub tshev thiab ntxiv cov ntawv luam tawm ib qho "hello".
#! / bin / bash
mkdir $ @
cd $ @
kov nyob zoo
Thawj kab yuav tsum muab tso rau hauv txhua tsab ntawv uas koj sau thiab siv los qhia tias qhov no yog ib daim BASH tsab ntawv.
Qhov "mkdir" hais kom siv los tsim ib qho ntawv nplaub tshev. Cov "$ @" ( tseem hu ua cov lus tsis muaj input ) tom kawg ntawm lub 2 thiab 3 kab yog hloov nrog tus nqi koj qhia thaum khiav cov ntawv.
Qhov "cd" cov lus txib hloov mus rau hauv cov directory koj qhia thiab thaum kawg tus hais kom ua ke tsim ib qho ua ntaub ntawv npliag hu ua "nyob zoo".
Koj tuaj yeem sim cov ntawv tawm rau koj tus kheej. Ua raws li cov lus qhia no:
- Qhib lub davhlau ya nyob twg (xovxwm Alt thiab T yuav tsum ua nws)
- Sau nano createhellodirectory.sh
- Ntaus hauv cov lus txib saum toj no rau tus editor
- Khaw cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm nias CTRL thiab O tib lub sijhawm
- Tawm hauv daim ntawv los ntawm nias CTRL thiab X tib lub sijhawm
- Hloov cov kev tso cai los ntawm hom chmod + x createhellodirectory.sh
- Khiav cov ntawv sau los ntawm typing ./createhellodirectory.sh test
Thaum koj khiav ntawm tsab ntawv muaj cov npe hu ua "test" thiab yog tias koj hloov rau qhov directory ( cd test) thiab khiav ib phau ntawv teev npe ( ls), koj yuav pom cov ntaub ntawv hu ua "nyob zoo".
Kom deb li deb zoo li tab sis tam sim no sim khiav kauj ruam 7 dua.
- Ib qho yuam kev yuav tshwm sim hais tias daim nplaub tshev twb tshwm sim lawm.
Muaj ntau yam peb ua tau los txhim kho tsab ntawv. Piv txwv li, yog tias daim nplaub tshev twb tshwm sim lawm peb tsis tu tshwj tsis yog tias nws tshwm sim.
#! / bin / bash
mkdir -p $ @
cd $ @
kov nyob zoo
Yog hais tias koj qhia tus -p ua ib feem ntawm qhov hais kom ua mkdir ces nws yuav tsis yuam kev yog tias daim nplaub tshev twb tshwm sim tab sis yog tias nws tsis muaj nws yuav tsim nws.
Raws li tshwm sim ntawm cov lus txib kov yuav tsim ib daim ntawv yog tias nws tsis muaj nyob tab sis yog tias nws muaj nyob nws tsuas yog siv cov hnub thiab lub sijhawm dhau los.
Xav txog cov lus sib tham tau muab hloov nrog ib lo lus hais tias lo lus sau rau cov ntaub ntawv hauv qab no:
#! / bin / bash
mkdir -p $ @
cd $ @
echo "nyob zoo" nyob zoo
Yog hais tias koj khiav qhov kev hais kom ua "./createhellodirectory.sh test" rov ua dua ces cov ntaub ntawv hu ua "nyob zoo" nyob rau hauv cov ntawv xeem yuav loj dua thiab loj dua nrog ntau lo lus nrog lo lus "nyob zoo" nyob hauv.
Tam sim no, qhov no yuav yog lossis tsis yog raws li tau npaj tab sis ho hais tias tam sim no hais tias qhov no tsis yog qhov xav tau ua. Koj tuaj yeem sau ntawv ntsuam xyuas kom paub tseeb tias cov directory tsis muaj nyob ua ntej koj khiav cov lus txib echo raws li hauv qab no.
#! / bin / bash
mkdir $ @ 2> / dev / null;
yog tias [$? -eq 0]; ces
cd $ @
echo "nyob zoo" nyob zoo
tawm
nkaus
Cov ntawv sau rau saum toj no yog kuv txoj kev xav kom ua qhov kev tsim cov npe ntawm cov folders. Cov lus hais ua mkdir tsim qhov nplaub tshev uas kis los ua ib qho kev ntsuas parameter, tiam sis txhua qhov kev ua yuam kev raug xa mus rau / dev / thov (uas txhais tau tias tam sim no).
Cov kab thib peb tshawb xyuas qhov txheej txheem tso tawm ntawm qhov kev txiav txim yav dhau los uas yog "mkdir" tsab ntawv thiab yog tias nws ua tiav nws yuav ua cov lus kom txog rau thaum "cov lus sau" raug.
Qhov no txhais tau tias koj tuaj yeem tsim daim nplaub tshev thiab ua txhua yam koj xav tau yog tias qhov kev ua tau zoo. Yog tias koj xav ua lwm yam yog tias qhov hais kom ua tsis tiav ces koj tuaj yeem nkag mus rau lwm daim ntawv qhia raws li hauv qab no:
#! / bin / bash
mkdir $ @ 2> / dev / null;
yog tias [$? -eq 0]; ces
cd $ @
echo "nyob zoo" nyob zoo
tawm
lwm tus
cd $ @
echo "nyob zoo"> nyob zoo
tawm
nkaus
Nyob hauv tsab ntawv saum toj saud yog hais tias daim ntawv mkdir ua haujlwm ces daim ntawv lo lus no xa cov lo lus "nyob zoo" los xaus rau ntawm cov ntaub ntawv hu ua "nyob zoo" yog tias nws tsis muaj ib cov ntaub ntawv tshiab yuav raug hu ua "nyob zoo" nrog lo lus " nyob zoo "nyob hauv.
Qhov piv txwv no tsis yog qhov tsim nyog vim tias koj tuaj yeem ua tiav tib lub ntsiab lus los ntawm ib txwm khiav ntawm "hello"> hello kab . Tus taw tes ntawm qhov piv txwv yog los qhia tias koj tuaj yeem khiav qhov "mkdir" hais kom ua, zais qhov kev ua yuam kev, kos txheej xwm ntawm cov lus txib kom pom tias nws muaj kev vam meej lossis tsis thiab ua ib txheej ntawm commands yog hais tias "mkdir" tau muaj kev vam meej thiab lwm cov lus txib yog tias nws tsis yog.