Ib qho kev khiav hauj lwm (OS) yog ib qho kev tso cai rau koj mus koom nrog lub computer - tag nrho cov software thiab kho vajtse hauv koj lub computer. Ua li cas?
Yeej, muaj ob txoj kev.
- Nrog rau kev siv kab kev ua haujlwm operating system (xws li, DOS), koj ntaus cov lus hais ua lus sau thiab lub computer teb raws li kev hais kom ua.
- Nrog lub graphical user interface (GUI) operating system (xws li, Qhov rai), koj muaj kev koom tes nrog lub computer los ntawm graphical interface nrog cov duab thiab cov nyees khawm siv cov nas thiab cov keyboard.
Nrog Unix koj muaj feem ntau ntawm cov kev xaiv ntawm kev siv kab-kev tswj (kev tswj ntxiv thiab ua kom yooj yim) los sis lub vas sab (yooj yim dua).
Unix thiab Windows: Ob Hom Kev Kawm Haujlwm
Thiab lawv muaj keeb kwm kev sib tw thiab yav tom ntej. Unix tau siv rau ntau tshaj peb lub xyoo lawm. Keeb kwm nws sawv ntawm lub ashes ntawm ib tug ua tsis tau tejyam sim nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov 1960s los tsim ib txhim khu kev qha timesharing operating system. Ob peb cov neeg dim ntawm Tswb Labs tsis tau tsim thiab tsim ib qho kev ua haujlwm uas ua rau muaj chaw ua haujlwm tau piav txog "ntawm kev yooj yim simplicity, hwj chim, thiab elegance".
Txij li thaum xyoo 1980 tus Unix qhov tseem ceeb competitor qhov rais tau txais cov neeg muaj npe vim muaj qhov ua muaj zog ntawm microcomputers nrog Intel-sib haum. Qhov rais, thaum lub sij hawm, yog OS xwb tsim rau hom kev lag luam no. Nyob rau hauv xyoo tsis ntev los no, Txawm li cas los, ib tug tshiab version of Unix hu ua Linux , kuj yog tsim rau microcomputers, tau emerged. Nws tuaj yeem tau txais dawb thiab yog, yog li ntawd, muaj kev xaiv rau cov tib neeg thiab cov lag luam.
Ntawm cov neeg rau zaub mov pem hauv ntej, Unix tau kaw rau hauv Microsoft lub khw sib qhia. Nyob rau hauv 1999, Linux scooted yav dhau los Novell 's Netware ua tus tsis muaj 2 neeg rau zaub mov operating system qab Windows NT. Nyob rau hauv 2001 txoj kev ua lag luam rau Linux operating system yog 25 feem pua; lwm Unix flavors 12 feem pua. Ntawm tus neeg mob pem hauv ntej, Microsoft yog tam sim no dominating lub operating system ua lag luam nrog tshaj 90% kev ua lag luam.
Vim tias Microsoft txoj kev txhoj puab heev tshaj lij, tsheej lab ntawm cov neeg siv uas tsis muaj lub tswv yim dab tsi ua haujlwm operating system tau siv Windows lub tshuab khiav haujlwm rau lawv thaum lawv yuav lawv cov PCs. Ntau lwm tus neeg tsis paub hais tias muaj kev khiav hauj lwm lwm yam tshaj li qhov rais. Tab sis koj tseem tab tom nyeem cov ntawv xov xwm txog kev khiav hauj lwm, uas tej zaum txhais tau hais tias koj tab tom sim ua kom paub txog kev txiav txim siab OS kev siv tsev los yog rau koj cov koom haum. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub ntawd, koj yuav tsum muab tsawg kawg Linux / Unix koj xav, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tias cov hauv qab no yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv koj cheeb tsam.
Zoo ntawm Unix
Unix muaj ntau txuam nrog thiab muaj peev xwm ntsia tau ntau yam ntawm cov cav tov, xws li cov computer, mainstream supercomputers, thiab micro-computers.
Unix muaj kev ruaj khov thiab tsis mus rau ntau npaum li lub qhov rais, yog li ntawd yuav tsum muaj kev tswj xyuas tsawg dua thiab kev tswj xyuas.
Unix muaj kev ruaj ntseg built-in thiab kev tso cai tshaj qhov rais.
Unix muaj ntau zog dua ua zog tshaj qhov rais.
Unix yog tus thawj coj ua haujlwm hauv Web. Li ntawm 90% ntawm Internet relies rau Unix operating systems khiav Apache, lub ntiaj teb feem ntau siv Web server .
Kev lag luam hloov tshiab ntawm Microsoft feem ntau yuav kom tus neeg siv yuav khoom tshiab los yog ntau dua hardware los yog software ua ntej. Qhov no tsis yog qhov teeb meem nrog Unix.
Feem ntau dawb los yog pheej yig qhib khiav lag luam , xws li Linux thiab BSD, nrog lawv cov kev tswj thiab kev tswj, yog cov neeg nyiam heev (aspiring) computer wizards. Muaj ntau cov khoos kas ntse tshaj plaws yog tsim cov xeev-rau-lub-nraaj software dawb ntawm kev ceev ceev "qhib-qhov chaw khiav dej num".
Unix tseem tshoov siab txog kev tsim cov qauv software, xws li daws cov teeb meem los ntawm kev sib txuas ntawm cov cuab yeej yooj yim es tsis txhob tsim cov kev pabcuam loj hauv cov ntaub ntawv.
Nco ntsoov tias, tsis muaj ib hom kev khiav hauj lwm muaj peev xwm muab cov lus teb rau txhua qhov koj xav tau. Nws yog hais txog kev xaiv thiab kev txiav txim siab txog kev txawj ntse.