Linux - Linus 'Unix
Hauv lub ntiaj teb ceev ceev paced ntawm computer technology, txhua yam uas tau tshwm sim ntau tshaj 10 xyoo dhau los zoo nkaus li yog keeb kwm qub. Txawm tias lub hauv paus ntawm Linux, uas yog ib tug menyuam yaus tshiab ntawm Unix nris, pib ploj mus rau hauv lub sijhawm dhau los.
Thawj cov cim ntawm Linux tau siv mus kom deb li deb li IBM lub PC uas tau sib haum nrog PC xyoo 1991 AC Ib tug menyuam kawm ntawv hauv University of Helsinki, Finland, tau muaj lub tswv yim: tsim kom muaj Unix-like operating system rau IBM cov PCs. Tus menyuam kawm ntawv, Linus Torwalds, tau sim ua nrog Minixxia, dawb Unix OS rau PCs, tsim los ntawm Andrew S. Tanenbaum ntawm Amsterdam, Lub Netherlands. Linus xav tsim ib lub Unix OS rau nws lub PC uas tau ua dhau cov kev txwv ntawm Minix. Nws cia li tau tshwm sim rau lub PC architecture, uas nws tsim nws tshiab thiab zoo dua Unix OS, nws yuav mus rau hauv lub ntiaj teb txoj kev ua tau zoo tshaj plaws ntawm cov computers. Qhov no ua rau lub hauv paus rau Linux qhov loj hlob muaj koob nrov npe. Linus lub peev xwm thiab kev ua hauj lwm thiab kev txhawb nqa los ntawm lub zej zog qhib qhov chaw tau so.
Thaum lub sijhawm ib nrab ntawm xyoo 1991, txoj kev xav tsis zoo pib ua qhov tseeb thaum Linus tau ua 0.02 ntawm qhov "Linux" (" Linu s 'Uni x ") muaj nyob rau hauv lub zej zog qhib qhov chaw. Los ntawm 1994 nws twb npaj siab tso tawm thawj ruaj Linux ntsiav (version 1.0) rau lub ntiaj teb. Thaum nws tawm, nws tau kis ceev ceev, tau lub zog thiab hloov mus rau ntau hom tsiaj ("distributions"). Hnub no, muaj qig kwv yees li ntawm 29 lab tus neeg siv Linux; ntau ntawm lawv cov khwb khuav koom hauv kev tsim software rau nws thiab kev loj hlob ntawm lub ntsiav.
Ib qho ntawm cov laj thawj ntawm Linux cov koob tsheej tau los ntawm daim ntawv tso cai raws li nws raug tso tawm, GNU General Public License. Nws ua kom pom tseeb tias Linux lub txiaj ntsim pub dawb rau txhua tus neeg, thiab txhua tus neeg tuaj yeem pab txhawb nws txoj kev loj hlob. Qhov no zoo ntxiv txhiab tus neeg tsim kev kawm rau pab pawg neeg Linux. Dua li ntawm qhov kev txhawj xeeb tias ntau hom khoom noj khoom haus yuav ua rau lub kua muag, nws tseem yog qhov tseeb tias cov coob ntawm Linux cov neeg tsim tawm tau ua haujlwm rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo thiab kev ua haujlwm, nrog ntau cov khoom siv dawb software rau kev lag luam thiab kev lom zem.
Tom ntej wb mus saib ntawm qee qhov kev ua tau zoo ntawm Linux uas ua rau nws xaiv rau kev khiav hauj lwm kaw lus rau tsheej lab ntawm cov neeg nyob ib ncig ntawm lub ntiaj teb.
Linux Zoo Tshaj Plaws
- Tus nqi pheej yig: Koj tsis tas yuav siv sijhawm thiab nyiaj txiag thiaj li tau txais cov lais xees vim tias Linux thiab ntau ntawm nws cov software tuaj nrog GNU General Public License. Koj tuaj yeem pib ua hauj lwm tam sim ntawd tsis muaj kev txhawj xeeb tias koj cov lag luam yuav tsum tsis ua hauj lwm txhua lub sijhawm vim hais tias cov dawb mus sib hais tiav. Tsis tas li ntawd, muaj ntau qhov chaw txawb ntawm qhov uas koj tuaj yeem dawb download tau software zoo rau txhua yam dej num uas koj tuaj yeem xav txog.
- Stability: Linux tsis tas yuav tsum tau rebooted periodically kom tswj cov qib theem. Nws tsis khov los qeeb zog dhau lub sij hawm vim lub cim xeeb txaij thiab zoo li no. Nruam lub sij hawm ntawm ntau pua hnub (txog li ib xyoos los sis ntau tshaj) tsis zoo li qub.
- Kev ua tau zoo: Linux muab kev ua haujlwm siab ua haujlwm hauv haujlwm thiab ntawm tes hauj lwm. Nws tuaj yeem siv tus lej ntau ntawm cov neeg siv tib lub sijhawm, thiab muaj peev xwm ua kom cov laus pauv cov ntawv teb kom zoo dua.
- Network friendliness: Linux tau tsim los ntawm ib pab pawg ntawm cov neeg tsim tawm hauv Internet thiab muaj zog yog li ntawd muaj kev txhawb zog rau kev ua haujlwm hauv network; tus thov kev pabcuam thiab kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov neeg siv yuav tsim tau yooj yim rau ntawm txhua lub computer khiav Linux. Nws tuaj yeem ua hauj lwm xws li network backups sai thiab ntau nti tawm dua li lwm lub tshuab.
- Flexibility: Linux siv tau rau cov kev ua tau zoo hauv kev ua lag luam, cov ntawv siv duab, thiab cov kev tso ua ke. Koj tuaj yeem txuag tau qhov chaw disk los ntawm kev txhim kho cov khoom tsim nyog rau kev siv. Koj tuaj yeem txwv kev siv cov computer tshwj xeeb los ntawm kev txhim kho piv txwv tsuas yog xaiv chaw ua haujlwm xwb tsis tag nrho suite.
- Compatibility: Nws sau tag nrho cov Unix software pob khoom thiab tuaj yeem ua txhua yam ntaub ntawv tawm tswv yim.
- Kev Xaiv: Cov coob ntawm Linux faib ua rau koj xaiv. Txhua txoj kev faib tawm yog tsim thiab txhawb los ntawm lub koom haum sib txawv. Koj tuaj yeem xaiv qhov koj nyiam tshaj plaws; tus cwj pwm tseem ceeb yog tib yam nkaus; feem ntau software sau rau feem ntau cov khoom faib.
- Yoojyim thiab yooj yim installation: Feem coob ntawm cov kev faib hauv Linux tuaj nrog cov neeg siv kev txhim kho thiab kev tsim teeb. Nrov Linux distributions tuaj nrog cov cuab yeej ua installation ntawm software ntxiv heev neeg tus phooj ywg zoo li.
- Kev siv tag nrho ntawm hard disk: Linux tseem ua hauj lwm zoo txawm tias thaum twg tus hard disk yuav luag tag nrho.
- Multitasking: Linux yog tsim los ua ntau yam tib lub sijhawm; Piv txwv, luam ntawv loj tom qab yuav tsis qeeb koj lwm txoj haujlwm.
- Kev ruaj ntseg: Linux yog ib qho tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm kev khiav hauj lwm nruab. "Phab ntsa" thiab cov ntaub ntawv yooj yim nkag tau mus siv cov kev tso cai tsis pub nkag los ntawm cov neeg qhua lossis cov kab mob. Linux cov neeg siv tau xaiv los xaiv thiab nyab xeeb download tau software, dawb dawb, ntawm hauv online chaw txawb uas muaj phav phav siab zoo tshaj plaws. Tsis muaj kev yuav khoom lag luam ntxiv cov credit card naj npawb los sis lwm cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb yuav tsum muaj.
- Qhib Source: Yog tias koj tsim software uas yuav tsum muaj kev paub txog los yog kev hloov kho ntawm txoj cai operating system, Linux lub hauv paus code yog ntawm koj cov ntiv tes. Feem ntau cov kev siv Linux yog Open Source thiab.
Hnub no ua ke ntawm pheej yig cov computers thiab dawb high-quality Linux operating systems thiab software muaj kev siv nyiaj tsawg kawg nkaus rau ob qho yooj yim hauv tsev siv tsev kawm ntawv thiab kev ua lag luam siab thiab kev lag luam. Cov kev xaiv ntawm Linux distributions thiab Linux software yuav yooj yim thaum xub thawj, tab sis, yog tias koj paub qhov twg los saib, nws yuav tsum tsis txhob ntev ntev rau koj mus nrhiav kev qhia hauv internet zoo.