Ib qho kev khiav hauj lwm (OS) yog ib qho kev tso cai rau koj mus koom nrog lub computer - tag nrho cov software thiab kho vajtse hauv koj lub computer. Ua li cas?
Yeej, muaj ob txoj kev.
- Nrog rau kev siv kab kev ua haujlwm operating system (xws li, DOS), koj ntaus cov lus hais ua lus sau thiab lub computer teb raws li kev hais kom ua.
- Nrog lub graphical user interface (GUI) operating system (xws li, Qhov rai), koj muaj kev koom tes nrog lub computer los ntawm graphical interface nrog cov duab thiab cov nyees khawm siv cov nas thiab cov keyboard.
Nrog Unix koj muaj feem ntau qhov kev xaiv ntawm kev siv kab-kev tswj (kev tswj ntxiv thiab ua kom yooj yim) los sis lub vas sab (yooj yim dua).
Unix vs. Qhov rai: Lub caij nyoog sib tw thiab yav tom ntej
Microsoft Windows thiab Unix yog ob chav loj ntawm operating systems. Unix computer operating system tau siv rau ntau tshaj peb lub xyoos lawm. Keeb kwm nws sawv ntawm lub ashes ntawm ib tug ua tsis tau tejyam sim nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov 1960s los tsim ib txhim khu kev qha timesharing operating system. Ob peb cov neeg dim ntawm Tswb Labs tsis tau tsim thiab tsim ib qho kev ua haujlwm uas ua rau muaj chaw ua haujlwm tau piav txog "ntawm kev yooj yim simplicity, hwj chim, thiab elegance".
Txij li thaum xyoo 1980 lub Unix lub ntsiab sib tw, Windows tau txais cov koob meej vim tias muaj lub zog loj ntawm micro-computers nrog Intel-tshaj processor (CPUs), uas yog lub tshuab qhov rais tau tsim rau. Nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los, Txawm li cas los, ib tug tshiab version ntawm Unix hu ua Linux, kuj yog tsim rau micro-computers, tau emerged. Nws tuaj yeem tau txais dawb thiab yog, yog li ntawd, qhov kev xaiv khwv tau rau cov tib neeg thiab cov lag luam ntawm cov nyiaj.
Ntawm cov neeg rau zaub mov pem hauv ntej, Unix tau kaw rau hauv Microsoft lub khw sib qhia. Nyob rau hauv 1999, Linux scooted yav dhau los Novell 's Netware ua tus tsis muaj 2 neeg rau zaub mov operating system qab Windows NT. Nyob rau hauv 2001 txoj kev ua lag luam rau Linux operating system yog 25 feem pua; lwm Unix flavors 12 feem pua. Ntawm tus neeg mob pem hauv ntej, Microsoft yog tam sim no dominating lub operating system ua lag luam nrog tshaj 90% kev ua lag luam.
Vim tias Microsoft txoj kev txhoj puab heev tshaj lij, tsheej lab ntawm cov neeg siv uas tsis muaj lub tswv yim dab tsi ua haujlwm operating system tau siv Windows lub tshuab khiav haujlwm rau lawv thaum lawv yuav lawv cov PCs. Muaj ntau tus neeg tsuas yog tsis paub hais tias muaj cov kev khiav hauj lwm lwm yam tshaj li qhov rais. Koj, ntawm qhov tod tes, nyob ntawm no nyeem tsab xov xwm no thiab tej zaum yuav ua kom ras txog cov kev txiav txim siab OS rau kev siv hauv tsev los yog rau koj lub koom haum. Yog tias zoo li no, koj yuav tsum muab koj tus kheej tso rau hauv Unix, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tias cov hauv qab no yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv koj cheeb tsam.
Zoo ntawm Unix
- Unix muaj ntau txuam nrog thiab muaj peev xwm ntsia tau ntau yam ntawm cov cav tov, xws li cov computer, mainstream supercomputers, thiab micro-computers.
- Unix muaj kev ruaj khov thiab tsis mus rau ntau npaum li lub qhov rais, yog li ntawd yuav tsum muaj kev tswj xyuas tsawg dua thiab kev tswj xyuas.
- Unix muaj kev ruaj ntseg built-in thiab kev tso cai tshaj qhov rais.
- Unix muaj ntau zog dua ua zog tshaj qhov rais.
- Unix yog tus thawj coj ua haujlwm hauv Web. Hais txog 90% ntawm Internet relies rau Unix operating systems khiav ntawm Apache, lub ntiaj teb feem ntau siv Web server, uas yog dawb.
- Kev lag luam hloov tshiab ntawm Microsoft feem ntau yuav kom tus neeg siv yuav khoom tshiab los yog ntau dua hardware los yog software ua ntej. Qhov no tsis yog qhov teeb meem nrog Unix.
- Feem ntau dawb los yog pheej yig qhib khiav lag luam, xws li Linux thiab BSD, nrog rau lawv cov kev tswj thiab kev tswj, ua pov thawj kom zoo nkauj heev rau cov tub ntxhais kawm ntawv ua si (aspiring). Muaj ntau cov smartest cov neeg tsim kev kawm yog tsim cov xeev-ntawm-lub-kos duab software dawb ntawm tus ceev-loj hlob "qhib-qhov zog".
- Unix tseem tshoov siab txog kev tsim cov qauv software, xws li daws cov teeb meem los ntawm kev sib txuas ntawm cov cuab yeej yooj yim es tsis txhob tsim cov kev pabcuam loj hauv cov ntaub ntawv.
Nco ntsoov tias , tsis muaj ib hom kev khiav hauj lwm muaj peev xwm muab cov lus teb rau txhua qhov koj xav tau. Nws yog hais txog kev xaiv thiab kev txiav txim siab txog kev txawj ntse.