Lub npe
fdisk - Muab faib cov lus sib dhos rau Linux
Synopsis
fdisk [-u] [-b sectors ] [-C cyls ] [-H hau ] [-Sees ] ntaus ntawv
fdisk -l [-u] [ ntaus ntawv ... ]
fdisk -s muab faib ...
fdisk -v
Kev piav qhia
Hard disks yuav muab faib ua ib los sis ntau zaj dab neeg uas muaj suab npe hu ua partitions . Qhov kev faib no tau piav qhia nyob rau hauv cov lus faib tawm hauv sector 0 ntawm daim disk.
Nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb BSD ib qho kev hais txog 'disk slices' thiab 'disclabel'.
Linux xav tau tsawg kawg yog ib qho kev faib, uas yog rau nws cov hauv paus ntawv cov ntaub ntawv. Nws siv tau cov ntaub ntawv sib pauv thiab / los yog pauv faib, tab sis qhov tom kawg yog ntau dua. Li ntawd, feem ntau yog ib qho yuav xav tau thib ob kev faib tawm Linux uas yog qhov muab faib ua pauv. On Intel tshaj li kho vajtse, lub BIOS uas khau looj plawv lub cev tau tsuas yog nkag tau rau thawj 1024 thooj av ntawm lub disk. Vim li no, cov neeg uas muaj cov loj disks feem ntau tsim cov kev faib thib peb, ib txhia MB loj loj, feem ntau mounted ntawm / khau raj , los muab cov duab thiab cov ntaub ntawv pabcuam ntxiv rau hauv lub sijhawm khau lub sijhawm, yog li kom paub meej tias cov khoom no yog puas siv tau rau BIOS. Tej zaum yuav muaj kev ruaj ntseg, yooj yim ntawm kev tswj hwm thiab thaub qab, los yog kev ntsuam xyuas, los siv ntau tshaj qhov tsawg kawg ntawm partitions.
Sau cov teeb meem luam tawm, txuag lub sij hawm nrog print queue tswj software.
fdisk (nyob rau hauv thawj daim ntawv ntawm invocation) yog ib qho zaub mov uas tau tsav tsheb rau kev tsim thiab kev tswj ntawm kev faib cov lus. Nws to taub DOS hom kev faib ntaiv thiab BSD los sis SUN hom disklabels.
Tus ntaus ntawv feem ntau yog ib qho ntawm cov hauv qab no:
/ dev / hda / dev / hdb / dev / sda / dev / sdb
/ dev / hd [a] rau IDE disks, / dev / sd [ap] rau SCSI disks, / dev / ed [ad] rau ESDI disks, / dev / xd [ab] rau XT disks). Lub npe ntaus ntawv hais txog tag nrho cov disk.
Qhov muab faib yog ib lub npe ntaus ntawv ua raws li tus zauv muab faib. Piv txwv, / dev / hda1 yog thawj muab faib rau thawj IDE hard disk hauv lub system. Disks yuav muaj txog li 15 feem. Saib kuj /usr/src/linux/Documentation/devices.txt .
Ib qho BSD / SUN hom disklabel piav qhia txog 8 qhov kev faib tawm, qhov thib peb uas yuav tsum yog ib qho "whole disk" partition. Tsis txhob pib ib qhov muab faib uas nws siv thawj lub sector (xws li kev sib faib kev sib pauv) ntawm lub tog raj kheej 0, txij li thaum uas yuav ua kom lub disklabel puas.
Ib qho IRIX / SGI type disklabel tau piav qhia txog 16 qhov nruab nrab, lub thib kaum ib qho ntawm qhov yuav tsum yog qhov muab faib tag nrho 'ntim' tag nrho, thaum lub cuaj yuav tsum tau sau tias 'ntim taub hau'. Lub ntim header tseem yuav npog cov lus muab faib, piv txwv li, nws pib ntawm block xoom thiab ncua los ntawm lub neej dhau 5 cylinders. Qhov chaw seem hauv qhov ntim taub hau yuav muab siv los ntawm cov npe nkag hauv header. Tsis muaj kev koom ua ke nrog lub ntim taub hau. Kuj tsis txhob hloov nws hom thiab ua qee cov ntaub ntawv kaw rau nws, vim tias koj yuav poob plawg muab faib. Siv hom ntawv no tsuas yog thaum ua haujlwm nrog Linux rau IRIX / SGI cavities lossis IRIX / SGI disks hauv Linux.
Ib cov lus DOS hom lus qhia tau piav txog cov xov tooj ntawm unlimited. Hauv sector 0 muaj chaw rau kev piav qhia ntawm 4 feem (hu ua 'thawj'). Ib qho ntawm cov no tej zaum yuav muaj kev faib kev txuas ntxiv; qhov no yog ib lub thawv uas tuav cov zajlus kom muaj tseeb, nrog cov ntawv pom muaj nyob hauv daim ntawv sib txuas ntawm cov nplais, txhua tus ua ntej qhov sib txawv ntawm cov zajlus. Plaub lub hauv paus, tam sim no los yog tsis tau, tau cov zauv 1-4. Feem ntau cov zaj lus pib pib ntawm 5.
Hauv DOS pawg qhov muab faib tawm qhov pib thiab qhov loj ntawm txhua qhov kev faib tawm muab khaws cia rau hauv ob txoj kev: raws li ib qho meej ntawm cov nplais (muab hauv 32 khoom) thiab ua Cylinders / Heads / Sectors triple (muab hauv 10 + 8 + 6 khoom noj). Tus qub yog OK - nrog 512-byte sectors no yuav ua haujlwm txog 2 Kab mob TB. Lub tom kawg muaj ob qho teeb meem sib txawv. Ua ntej tshaj plaws, cov C / H / S liaj teb yuav tsum tau sau tsuas yog thaum tus naj npawb ntawm cov taub hau thiab tus naj npawb ntawm cov khoom sib txuas ua ke. Qhov thib ob, txawm tias peb paub tias cov naj npawb no yuav tsum yog li cas, 24 cov khoom siv uas tsis muaj txaus. DOS siv C / H / S xwb, Qhov rai siv ob yam tib si, Linux yeej tsis siv C / H / S.
Yog tias ua tau, fdisk yuav tau txais daim ntawv geometry cia. Qhov no tsis yog lub cev ntim ntawm lub cev ntim ntawm lub cev (qhov tseeb, niaj hnub nimno tsis muaj dab tsi zoo li ib yam dab tsi zoo li lub cev ntsuas, tsis yog ib yam dab tsi uas tau piav qhia hauv simplistic Cov Cylinders / Heads / Sectors daim ntawv), tiam sis yog qhov siv ntu ntsuas ntawm MS-DOS rau cov lus muab faib.
Feem ntau txhua yam mus zoo los ntawm lub neej ntawd, thiab tsis muaj teeb meem yog tias Linux yog qhov system xwb ntawm daim disk. Txawm li cas los xij, yog tias lub disk yuav tsum tau sib faib nrog lwm cov kev khiav hauj lwm siv, feem ntau nws yog ib lub tswv yim zoo kom cia fdisk los ntawm lwm qhov kev khiav hauj lwm ua kom tsawg kawg yog ib qho kev faib. Thaum twg Linux khau nws pom ntawm cov lus muab faib, thiab sim ua kom zoo li cas (fake) geometry yuav tsum muaj kev sib raug zoo nrog lwm lub tshuab.
Thaum twg qhov kev faib cov lus faib tawm, daim tshev ib txwm muaj nyob rau ntawm cov lus sau cia. Cov tshev no xyuas tias qhov pib thiab lub ntsiab lus ntawm lub cev thiab cov ntsiab lus xaus yog zoo tib yam, thiab qhov kev faib tawm pib thiab xaus rau ntawm lub cylinder ciam (tshwj tsis yog qhov muab faib thawj).
Ib co versions ntawm MS-DOS tsim thawj kev faib uas tsis pib ntawm lub cylinder ciam, tab sis nyob rau sector 2 ntawm thawj lub tog raj kheej. Partitions pib hauv lub tog raj kheej 1 tsis tuaj yeem pib ntawm lub cylinder ciam, tab sis qhov no tsis zoo li yuav ua rau nyuaj yog tias koj muaj OS / 2 ntawm koj lub tshuab.
Sync () thiab BLKRRPART ioctl () (reread muab faib cov lus ntawm disk) yog ua ntej ua ntej thaum lub rooj sib faib muab faib tau. Ntev dhau los nws siv los tsim nyog rau reboot tom qab siv fdisk. Kuv tsis xav tias qhov no yog qhov teeb meem ntxiv - qhov tseeb, kev rov qab ua sai sai tuaj yeem ua rau cov ntaub ntawv tsis tau-tsis-muab sau. Nco ntsoov tias ob lub kernel thiab disk disk yuav ntiag cov ntaub ntawv.
Dos 6.x Ceeb toom
DOS 6.x FORMAT hais kom zoo rau qee cov ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv cov thawj sector ntawm cheeb tsam cov ntaub ntawv ntawm qhov muab faib, thiab kho cov ntaub ntawv no ntau txhim khu kev ntseeg dua cov ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv cov lus muab faib. DOS FORMAT xav tau DOS FDISK kom tshem tau thawj 512 bytes ntawm cheeb tsam cov ntaub ntawv ntawm qhov muab faib thaum twg qhov kev hloov loj tshwm sim. DOS FORMAT yuav saib cov ntaub ntawv no ntxiv txawm tias yog tus cim / U cim - peb xav txog qhov no nyob rau hauv DOS FORMAT thiab DOS FDISK.
Cov kab hauv qab yog tias koj siv cfdisk los yog fdisk los hloov qhov luaj li cas ntawm DOS muab faib nkag teb chaws, ces koj yuav tsum siv dd xoom thawj 512 bytes ntawm qhov muab faib ua ntej siv DOS FORMAT los ua tus muab faib. Piv txwv, yog tias koj siv cfdisk los ua DOS muab faib lus nkag rau / dev / hda1, ces (tom qab tawm fdisk los yog cfdisk thiab rebooting Linux kom cov lus qhia cov lus qhia faib tawm yog siv tau) koj yuav siv qhov kev txiav txim "dd if = dev / xoom ntawm = / dev / hda1 bs = 512 count = 1 "xoom thawj 512 bytes ntawm lub muab faib.
YUAV TSUM TXHAUM CAI yog tias koj siv qhov kev txiav txim dd , vim hais tias ib qho me me typo ua rau tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv ntawm koj cov ntaub ntawv tsis zoo.
Rau qhov zoo tshaj plaws, koj yuav tsum nco ntsoov siv ib qho kev qhia tshwj xeeb OS. Piv txwv li, koj yuav tsum ua DOS partitions nrog DOS FDISK kev pab cuam thiab Linux partitions nrog Linux fdisk lossis Linux cfdisk program.
Xaiv
-b sectorize
Qhia kom meej qhov sector qhov loj ntawm daim disk. Siv qhov tseem ceeb yog 512, 1024, lossis 2048. (Lub kernels tsis ntev los no paub lub sector loj. Siv qhov no tsuas yog cov qub kernels los yog ua rau cov ntsiav lub tswv yim tshaj tawm.)
-Cyls
Qhia kom meej pes tsawg tus cylinders ntawm lub disk. Kuv tsis muaj lub tswv yim vim li cas muaj leej twg xav xav ua li ntawd.
-Hau hau
Qhia kom meej pes tsawg lub hau ntawm daim disk. (Tsis yog cov naj npawb ntawm lub cev, tab sis tus naj npawb siv rau cov rooj sib faib kev faib tawm.) Qhov tsim nyog muaj nuj nqis yog 255 thiab 16.
-Ses sects
Qhia kom meej cov naj npawb ntawm cov paj ntaub ntawm cov disk. (Tsis yog cov naj npawb ntawm lub cev, tab sis tus naj npawb siv rau cov rooj zaum muab faib.) Tus nqi tsim nyog yog 63.
-l
Sau cov ntu kev faib khoom rau cov lus teev tseg thiab tom qab ntawd. Yog tias tsis muaj cov khoom siv, cov uas tau hais hauv / proc / partitions (yog tias muaj).
-u
Thaum sau cov rooj sib faib cov zauv, muab ntau thiab tsawg ntawm cov khoom siv hauv cov cylinders.
-s muab faib
Qhov loj ntawm kev faib (hauv cov blocks) yog luam tawm ntawm tus qauv tso tawm.
-v
Sau cov naj npawb ntawm fdisk qhov kev pab cuam thiab tawm.