NPE
khawb - Chaw ua haujlwm DNS saib
SYNOPSIS
khawb [ @ server ] [ -c filename ] [ -f filename ] [ -p chaw fuabtais ] [ -p port # ] [ -ttr ] [ -x addr ] [ -y lub npe: qhov tseem ceeb ] [ name ] [ hom ] [ hoob kawm ] [ queryopt ... ]
khawb [ -h ]
khawb [ global-queryopt ... ] [ query ... ]
KEV POM ZOO
khawb (sau cov ntaub ntawv tsis tiav) yog ib lub cuab yig rau kev sib tham ntawm cov npe DNS npe. Nws ua tau DNS lookups thiab qhia cov lus teb uas xa rov qab los ntawm lub npe neeg rau npe (s) uas tau queried. Feem ntau cov thawj tswj hwm DNS siv khawb los txhim kho DNS cov teeb meem vim nws yooj, yooj yim siv thiab clarity ntawm cov zis. Lwm cov cuab yeej lookup yuav muaj tsawg dua functionality dua khawb .
Txawm hais tias khawb yog feem ntau siv nrog cov lus sib cav-kab, nws kuj muaj ib hom batch ua haujlwm rau kev nyeem lookup thov los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv. Ib qho lus xaus ntawm nws cov lus sib cav-kab lus thiab cov kev xaiv raug luam tawm thaum qhov kev xaiv -h . Tsis zoo li yav dhau los, BIND9 yuav ua raws li kev khawb rau ntau yam kev nrhiav kom tau tawm los ntawm cov kab hais kom ua .
Tshwj tsis yog nws hais kom nug ib lub npe neeg rau zaub mov, khawb yuav sim txhua yam ntawm cov servers uas teev hauv /etc/resolv.conf .
Thaum tsis muaj cov kab lus hais los sis cov lus xaiv, yuav ua tus NS lus nug rau "." (hauv paus).
Yooj yim SIV
Ib tug raug invocation ntawm khawb zoo li:
khawb @ server npe homqhov twg:
neeg rau zaub mov
yog lub npe lossis tus IP chaw nyob ntawm lub npe neeg rau npe. Qhov no tuaj yeem ua qhov chaw nyob IPv4 hauv dotted-decimal cim lossis ib qho IPv6 qhov chaw nyob hauv cov ntawv cim tseg-colonized. Thaum cov neeg siv kev sib cav sib cav, nws yog tus tswv lub npe, khawb hais tias lub npe ua ntej querying ntawd npe neeg rau zaub mov. Yog hais tias tsis muaj kev sib cav sib cav, khawb consults /etc/resolv.conf thiab nug cov npe servers uas teev muaj. Lub teb los ntawm lub npe neeg rau zaub mov uas teb tau tshwm sim.
npe
yog lub npe ntawm cov ntaub ntawv khaws tseg uas yuav tsum tau saib.
hom
qhia hais tias hom lus nug twg yog qhov yuav tsum tau --- LOSSIS, A, MX, SIG, thiab lwm yam zoo li no tuaj yeem yog cov lus nug uas siv tau. Yog tias tsis muaj hom kev sib cav, khawb yuav ua kom pom zoo rau cov ntaub ntawv A.
XAIV
-b xaiv tau teev qhov chaw IP qhov chaw nug cov lus nug. Qhov no yuav tsum yog qhov chaw nyob ntawm ib tus tswv tsev network interfaces.
Cov lus nug hauv chav kawm (IN rau internet) yog overridden los ntawm qhov kev xaiv -c . chav kawm yog txhua chav kawm, xws li HS rau Hesiod cov ntaub ntawv lossis CH rau CHAOSNET cov ntaub ntawv.
Lub -f xaiv ua khawb ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv hom batch los ntawm kev nyeem ib daim ntawv teev saib cov lus thov kom ua los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv filename . Cov ntaub ntawv muaj ntau cov lus nug, ib qho ntawm ib kab. Txhua tus nkag teb chaws nyob hauv cov ntaub ntawv yuav tsum ncaav tib yam li lawv yuav tsum tau muab los ua queries los khawb siv qhov kev sib txuas lus ntawm kab lus.
Yog tias tus naj npawb chaw nres nkoj tsis raug cai, yuav tsum tau muab xam, qhov kev xaiv -p yog siv. chaw nres nkoj # yog qhov chaw naj npawb uas khawb yuav xa nws cov lus nug es tsis siv tus qauv DNS chaw nres nkoj tus naj npawb 53. Qhov kev xaiv no yuav raug siv los kuaj lub npe neeg tawm tswv yim uas tau raug teeb tsa los mloog cov lus nug ntawm ib tus naj npawb ntawm cov chaw nres nkoj.
Lub -t xaiv teev cov lus nug rau hom . Nws tuaj yeem yog cov lus nug uas siv tau rau hauv BIND 9. Lub neej ntawd cov lus nug hom "A", tshwj tsis yog tias -x kev xaiv muab nkag los qhia qhov rov qab saib. Ib qho kev hloov pauv tuaj yeem thov los ntawm kev xaiv hom AXFR. Thaum twg yuav tsum tau hloov mus ntxiv (IXFR), hom ntawv teev rau ixfr = N. Lub tshev hloov mus ntxiv yuav muaj cov kev hloov ua rau thaj tsam txij li tus naj npawb ntawm cov cheeb tsam hauv SOA cov ntaub ntawv N.
Rov qab lookups - mapping chaw nyob rau npe - yog cov yooj yim los ntawm kev xaiv -x . addr yog ib qho chaw nyob IPv4 hauv dotted-decimal cim, los yog ib qho chaw nyob nrog IPon6. Thaum siv qhov kev xaiv no, tsis tas yuav muaj lub npe , hom lus thiab cov lus sib tham. khawb cia ua haujlwm rau lub npe xws li 11.12.13.10.in-addr.arpa thiab teev cov lus nug thiab chav kawm rau PTR thiab IN feem. Los ntawm kev ua neej, IPv6 chaw nyob yog siv cov IP6.ARPA thiab sau cov cim binary raws li sau tseg hauv RFC2874. Siv cov laus hauv RFC1886 uas siv tus IP6.INT sau thiab "nibble" cov ntawv, hais kom meej -n (nibble) kev xaiv.
Kos npe rau DNS queries xa los ntawm khawb thiab lawv cov lus teb siv cov npe kos (TSIG), qhia meej txog TSIG ib qho tseem ceeb uas siv qhov kev xaiv -k . Koj tseem yuav qhia lub TSIG yuam nws tus kheej rau ntawm cov kab hais kom ua uas siv qhov kev xaiv -yog ; lub npe yog lub npe ntawm tus TSIG qhov tseem ceeb thiab qhov tseem ceeb yog qhov tseem ceeb tiag. Lub ntsiab yog lub hauv paus-64 encoded hlua, feem ntau los ntawm dnssec-keygen (8). Ceebtoom yuav tsum tau noj thaum siv qhov kev xaiv -yog rau ntau tus neeg siv tshuab raws li qhov tseem ceeb tuaj yeem pom nyob hauv cov zis tawm ntawm ps (1) lossis hauv cov ntaub ntawv keeb kwm plhaub. Thaum siv TSIG authentication nrog khawb , lub npe neeg rau zaub mov uas yog queried xav paub qhov tseem ceeb thiab algorithm uas yog siv. Hauv BIND, qhov no yog ua los ntawm kev muab cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb thiab cov neeg rau zaub mov nyob rau hauv name.conf .
QUERY XAIV
khawb muab ib tug xov tooj ntawm cov lus nug kev xaiv uas cuam tshuam rau hauv txoj kev uas lookups tau ua thiab soj ntsuam tso tawm. Qee cov teeb lossis cov reset chij no nyob hauv cov lus nug header, qee qhov kev txiav txim siab uas cov lus teb hauv cov lus teb tau muab luam tawm, thiab lwm tus txiav txim rau cov sij hawm siv sij hawm thiab rov qab sib tw.
Txhua qhov kev xaiv lus nug tau los ntawm ib lo lus tseem ceeb uas tau muaj los ntawm ib qho ntxiv rau (+). Qee cov ntsiab lus teem los sis pib dua kev xaiv. Cov no tej zaum yuav preceded los ntawm txoj hlua tsis negate lub ntsiab ntawm qhov lo lus tseem ceeb. Lwm cov ntsiab lus muab cov txiaj ntsig zoo rau cov kev xaiv xws li sij hawm luv. Lawv muaj daim ntawv + lo lus tseem ceeb = tus nqi . Cov lus nug xaiv:
+ [tsis] tcp
Siv [tsis siv] TCP thaum nug cov npe servers. Lub cwj pwm tsis yog vim siv UDP tshwj tsis yog tias cov lus nug AXFR los yog IXFR tau thov, uas yog siv qhov kev txuas TCP.
+ [tsis] vc
Siv [tsis siv] TCP thaum nug cov npe servers. Qhov no lwm syntax rau + [tsis] tcp muab rau kev rov qab sib tw. Lub "vc" sawv cev rau "lub voj voog hluav taws xob".
+ [tsis] tsis quav ntsej
Ignore truncation nyob rau hauv UDP cov lus teb tsis retrying nrog TCP. Yog vim, TCP rov ua dua.
+ lub npe = lub npe
Teem kev tshawb nrhiav sau kom muaj tus sau tib lub npe, raws li tau teev nyob rau hauv qhov kev qhia hauv /etc/resolv.conf , thiab pab tshawb nrhiav kev ua raws li yog qhov kev xaiv nrhiav tau muab.
+ [tsis pom]
Siv [tsis siv] qhov tshawb nrhiav sau los ntawm qhov kev tshawb nrhiav lossis kev tswj hwm hauv cov resolv.conf (yog tias muaj). Daim ntawv tshawb nrhiav tsis yog siv los ntawm lub neej.
+ [tsis muaj] lub npe
Deprecated, kho raws li ib tug synonym rau + [tsis muaj] kev tshawb nrhiav
+ [tsis muaj] ib leeg
Qhov kev xaiv no tsis muaj dab tsi. Nws yog npaj rau kev sib koom ua ke nrog cov qub versions ntawm khawb qhov twg nws teem ib qho kev daws teeb meem uas tsis muaj tseeb.
+ [tsis yog "adflag
Teeb [tsis txhob 't teem] lub AD (cov ntaub ntawv qhabnias) ntsis hauv cov lus nug. Lub AD ntsis tam sim no muaj ib lub ntsiab lus hauv cov lus teb, tsis yog hauv kev queries, tab sis lub peev xwm los teeb me ntsis rau hauv cov lus nug yog muab rau tiav.
+ [tsis] cdflag
Teem [tsis teem] rau CD (khij xiam oob khab) me ntsis hauv cov lus nug. Qhov no thov kom tus neeg rau zaub mov tsis ua rau DNSSEC kev lees paub ntawm cov lus teb.
+ [tsis muaj] cov lus thov
Toggle qhov chaw ntawm RD (recursion desired) ntsis hauv cov lus nug. Qhov no me ntsis yog teem ntawm lub neej, uas txhais tau tias khawb nquag xa cov lus nug rov qab. Txoj kev rov qab tuaj yeem ua tsis taus thaum lub nssearch los + + siv tshawb nrhiav kev xaiv.
+ [tsis] nssearch
Thaum qhov kev xaiv no raug teeb tsa, khawb npav nrhiav lub npe ntawm cov npe rau lub cheeb tsam uas muaj lub npe hu ua thiab pom cov ntaub ntawv teev npe ntawm txhua lub npe rau cov cheeb tsam.
+ [tsis] kab
Toggle tracing ntawm lub delegation ntawm lub hauv paus lub npe servers rau lub npe raug ntsia. Tracing yog neeg xiam los ntawm lub neej. Thaum nrhiav kev pom zoo, khawb ua nws cov lus nug kom daws tau lub npe ua. Nws yuav ua raws cov referrals ntawm lub hauv paus servers, uas qhia cov lus teb los ntawm txhua tus neeg rau zaub mov uas tau siv los daws qhov kev saib xyuas.
+ [tsis] cmd
toggles lub luam tawm ntawm thawj lub ncauj lus nyob rau hauv cov zis paub cov qauv ntawm khawb thiab cov lus nug xaiv uas tau thov lawm. Qhov kev sau no yog luam tawm los ntawm lub neej.
+ [tsis] luv
Npaj teb cov lus teb. Lub neej ntawd yog sau cov lus teb rau hauv daim ntawv ua lus.
+ [tsis pom]
Qhia [lossis tsis qhia] qhov chaw nyob tus IP thiab chaw nres nkoj tus xov tooj uas tau teb cov lus teb thaum qhov kev xaiv luv = Yog tias cov lus teb luv luv tau thov, lub neej ntawd tsis yog los qhia qhov chaw nyob thiab chaw nres nkoj ntawm tus neeg rau zaub mov uas tau muab cov lus teb.
+ [tsis pom] cov lus
Toggle cov lus ntawm cov kab lus tawm hauv cov zis. Lub neej ntawd yog sau cov ncauj lus.
+ [tsis] stats
Qhov kev xaiv no xaiv toggles qhov kev sib tw ntawm cov txheeb cais: thaum cov lus nug tau, qhov luaj li cas ntawm daim teb thiab hais txog. Lub cwj pwm vim li cas yog sau cov lus nug statistics.
+ [tsis muaj] qr
Sau [tsis txhob sau] cov lus nug thaum nws raug xa mus. Yog vim li cas, cov lus nug tsis raug luam tawm.
+ [tsis muaj lus nug]
Sau [tsis txhob sau] nqe lus nug ntawm cov lus nug thaum teb rov qab tuaj teb. Lub neej ntawd yog sau nqe lus nug raws li kev saib.
+ [tsis muaj] cov lus teb
Muab [tsis tso saib] cov lus teb ntawm nqe lus teb. Lub neej ntawd yog tso rau nws saib.
+ [tsis muaj] txoj cai
Muab [tsis pom] cov cai ntawm lub teb. Lub neej ntawd yog tso rau nws saib.
+ [tsis muaj ntxiv]
Muab [tsis tso saib] ntxiv ntu lus teb. Lub neej ntawd yog tso rau nws saib.
+ [tsis muaj] tag nrho
Teem los yog tshem tag nrho cov cim chij.
+ sijhawm = T
Poob lub sij hawm rau cov lus nug rau T feeb. Lub sijhawm ntawd tawm yog 5 feeb. Ib qho kev sim kom muab T rau tsawg dua 1 yuav ua rau muaj lus nug sij hawm ntawm 1 thib ob raug tso npe.
+ nws = T
Teev pes tsawg lub sij hawm kom rov qab UDP queries rau cov neeg rau zaub mov kom T tsis yog lub neej ntawd, 3. Yog tias T tsawg dua los yog sib npaug rau xoom, cov xov tooj ntawm cov rov qab yog ntsiag to npuaj li 1.
+ ndots = D
Teem cov zauv ntawm cov dots uas tau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub npe mus D rau nws kom pom tias tsis meej. Cov nqi pheej yig yog qhov txhais los siv cov lus ndots hauv /etc/resolv.conf , lossis 1 yog tsis muaj cov lus ndots. Cov npe uas muaj tsawg dua cov npe yog txhais tau tias yog cov npe ntawm tus txheeb ze thiab yuav raug tshawb rau hauv cov npe hauv qhov kev tshawb nrhiav lossis kev qhia hauv kev hauv /etc/resolv.conf .
+ bufsize = B
Teem lub UDP lus tsis loj tshaj tawm tias siv EDNS0 rau B bytes. Qhov ntau thiab tsawg kawg ntawm qhov no tsis yog 65535 thiab 0 feem. Qhov txawv ntawm qhov txawv ntawm no yog sib npaug los yog nce qhov tsim nyog.
+ [tsis] muaj multiline
Sau cov ntaub ntawv xws li SOA cov ntaub ntawv hauv ntau hom kab lus nrog cov tib neeg nyeem. Lub neej ntawd yog sau txhua daim ntawv sau rau ntawm ib kab, ua kom lub tshuab parsing ntawm cov zis tawm.
+ [tsis tau]
Tsis txhob sim lwm tus neeg rau zaub mov yog tias koj tau txais SERVFAIL. Lub neej ntawd yog kom tsis txhob sim cov neeg ua haujlwm tom ntej uas yog qhov rov qab ntawm lub cev coj mus rhaub tshem tus cwj pwm.
+ [tsis muaj] zoo tshaj plaws
Sim ua kom pom cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov lus uas tsis sib haum. Lub neej ntawd yog tsis qhia cov lus teb tsis zoo.
+ [tsis] dnssec
Kev thov DNSSEC cov ntaub ntawv raug xa tuaj los ntawm kev teeb tsa DNSSEC Tsuas me ntsis (Ua) hauv cov ntawv OPT hauv ntu ntxiv ntawm cov lus nug.
MUAJ ntau ntau
Qhov KHI 9 yuav ua raws li cov kev txhawb nqa khawb specifying ntau cov lus nug nyob rau ntawm kab hais kom ua (ntxiv rau kev txhawb nqa -f batch cov ntaub ntawv xaiv). Txhua yam ntawm cov lus nug yuav muab nrog nws tus kheej cov chij, kev xaiv thiab kev xaiv lus.
Hauv qhov no, txhua qhov kev sib cav sib cav sawv cev rau cov lus nug hauv cov lus hais ua kab syntax uas piav saum toj no. Txhua yam ntawm cov qauv kev xaiv thiab tus chij, lub npe yuav tsum ntsia, ib qho kev xaiv hom thiab chav kawm ntawv thiab cov lus nug xaiv uas yuav tsum raug siv rau cov lus nug ntawd.
Lub ntiaj teb txheej ntawm cov lus nug xaiv, uas yuav tsum tau muaj ntaub ntawv rau tag nrho cov lus nug, tuaj yeem yuav nkag. Cov lus nug thoob ntiajteb no yuav tsum tau ua ntej lub npe tuple ntawm lub npe, chav kawm ntawv, hom, kev xaiv, chij, thiab cov lus nug xaiv ntawm cov kab hais kom ua. Tej kev xaiv lus nug thoob ntiaj teb (tshwj tsis yog lub [qhov] xaiv qhov kev xaiv) muaj peev xwm ua tsis tau los ntawm cov lus nug txog cov lus nug xaiv. Piv txwv li:
khawb + qr www.isc.org txhua-x 127.0.0.1 isc.org ns + tauqhia tias yuav ua li cas thiaj li siv tau los ntawm kab lus hais kom ua rau peb saib: ib qho lus nug rau www.isc.org, rov qab saib 127.0.0.1 thiab cov lus nug rau NS cov ntaub ntawv ntawm isc.org. Ib qho kev xaiv lus thoob ntiaj teb xaiv ntawm + qr yog siv, yog li ntawd khawb qhia thawj cov lus nug nws ua rau txhua qhov kev tshawb xyuas. Cov lus nug kawg muaj ib qhov chaw xaiv lus ntawm qhov + uas yog txhais tias khawb yuav tsis sau cov lus nug thaum nws saib txog cov ntaub ntawv NS rau isc.org.
SAIB ALSO
host ( 1), npe (8), dnssec-keygen (8), RFC1035 .
Tseem ceeb: Siv tus txiv neej hais kom ua ( % tus txiv neej ) seb qhov kev hais kom raug siv hauv koj lub computer.
Lwm Yam Khoom