Cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov khoom thiab cov bytes hauv computer networking xa mus rau cov chav nyob ntawm cov ntaub ntawv uas xa tawm txuas network txuas. Muaj 8 khoom rau txhua 1 byte.
Cov "mega" hauv prefabricated megabit (Mb) thiab megabyte (MB) feem ntau yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws los nthuav qhia cov ntaub ntawv xa mus vim nws yog feem ntau nrog cov khoom thiab cov bytes hauv cov txhiab. Piv txwv, koj lub tsev hauv tsev tej zaum yuav muaj peev xwm mus muab tau cov ntaub ntawv ntawm 1 lab bytes txhua txhua ob, uas yog sau tshaj li 8 megabits ib xuaj moos, los sis txawm tias 8 Mb / s.
Qee qhov ntsuas tawm cov khoom noj khoom haus loj xws li 1.073,741,824, nws muaj ntau cov khoom me me nyob hauv ib lub hauv paus gigabyte (uas yog 1,024 megabytes). Dab tsi ntxiv yog tias terabytes, petabyte, thiab exabytes yog tseem loj dua megabytes!
Yuav Ua Li Cas Cov Khoom Thiab Cov Neeg Los Ntawm Tsim
Cov kauj vab ntawv siv cov khoom me me (luv luv rau binary digits ) los sawv cev cov ntaub ntawv hauv cov ntawv. Ib qho me me yog qhov nqi binary. Thaum sawv cev rau tus nab npawb, cov khoom yuav muaj nqi ntawm 1 (ib) lossis 0 (zero).
Cov khoom siv niaj hnub no tsim cov khoom me me los ntawm siab dua thiab qis dua qhov hluav taws xob khiav los ntawm cov cuab yeej hluav taws xob. Lub computer network adapters hloov cov kev taw qhia no rau qhov sawv daws yuav thiab zeros xav tau ntawm lub cev kis cov khoom nyob rau hauv qhov txuas network, ib qho kev ua qee zaum hu ua qhov kev pab cuam .
Cov kev sib txuas ntawm cov lus sib txuas lus sib txawv nyob ntawm seb qhov sib kis mus li cas:
- Ethernet txuas tau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob cov cim ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv
- WI-Fi yog siv cov khoom siv xov tooj cua ntawm cov suab nrov sib hloov
- Fiber sib txuas siv pulses ntawm lub teeb nqa khoom
Ib tug byte tsuas yog ib qhov ua tiav-ntev sib lawv liag. Khoos phis tamsis no txhim kho cov ntaub ntawv hauv kev bytes los ua kom cov ntaub ntawv ua tiav ntawm cov cuab yeej siv hluav taws xob, disks, thiab nco.
Piv txwv ntawm cov khoom siv thiab cov khoom siv hauv Computer Networking
Txawm tias cov tib neeg siv ntawm lub computer network yuav ntsib cov khoom thiab cov bytes hauv qhov xwm txheej. Xav txog cov qauv no.
IP chaw nyob hauv Internet Protocol version 4 (IPv4) kev sib tham muaj 32 yam khoom (4 bytes). Qhov chaw nyob 192.168.0.1 , piv txwv li, muaj qhov tseem ceeb 192, 168, 0 thiab 1 rau txhua tus ntawm bytes. Cov khoom thiab bytes ntawm qhov chaw nyob yog encoded li zoo li:
11000000 10101000 00000000 00000001Tus nqi uas cov ntaub ntawv tawm los ntawm kev sib txuas ntawm lub computer txuas raws caij nyoog yog ntsuas nyob rau hauv cov khoom hauv ib chav thib ob (bps). Cov niaj hnub no muaj peev xwm tshaj tawm cov khoom siv lab lossis billions ntawm ib qho thib ob , hu ua megabits ib ob (Mbps) thiab gigabits ib pliag (Gbps) , feem.
- Gigabit Ethernet txuas tau muab tso rau 1 Gbps
- Wireless broadband routers muaj kev sib txuas sib txawv kev sib txuas raws li daim ntawv siv Wi-nkaus. Cov nqi them rau kev txhawb zog muaj xws li 54 Mbps, 150 Mbps, thiab 600 Mbps
Yog li, yog tias koj downloading ib tug 10 MB (80 Mb) cov ntaub ntawv ntawm lub network uas tau download tau cov ntaub ntawv ntawm 54 Mbps (6.75 Mb), koj tuaj yeem siv cov lus qhia kev hloov hauv qab no kom pom tau hais tias cov ntaub ntawv yuav tsum downloaded hauv dua li ib pliag (80/54 = 1.48 lossis 10 / 6.75 = 1.48).
Ntsis: Koj tuaj yeem pom sai npaum li cas hauv koj lub network tuaj yeem download tau thiab muab cov ntaub ntawv xa nrog qhov internet site test site .
Hauv kev sib piv, lub computer cia li zoo li USB sticks thiab cov ntawv tsav nyuaj hauv cov ntaub ntawv hauv cov xuab moos ntawm bytes ib pliag (Bps). Nws yooj yim heev rau qhov ob tiam sis bytes ib ob yog BPS, nrog lub peev "B", thaum lub sijhawm ob los siv qis "b."
Kev ruaj ntseg ruaj ruaj wireless xws li cov WPA2, WPA, thiab cov qub WEP yog cov qauv ntawm cov tsiaj ntawv thiab cov zauv feem ntau sau ua lus cim hexadecimal . Hexadecimal numbering nruab nrab yog txhua pawg ntawm plaub khoom ua ib qho nqi, xws li tus naj npawb ntawm zero thiab cuaj, lossis ib tsab ntawv ntawm "A" thiab "F."
WPA daws zoo li qhov no:
12345678 9ABCDEF1 23456789 ABIPv6 network chaw nyob kuj siv ntau hexadecimal numbering. Txhua IPv6 chaw nyob muaj 128 yam khoom (16 bytes), xws li:
0: 0: 0: 0: 0: FFFF: C0A8: 0101Yuav ua li cas Hloov Khoom thiab Bytes
Nws yooj yim heev rau kev ua manually hloov me ntsis thiab byte qhov tseem ceeb thaum koj paub cov hauv qab no:
- 8 khoom = 1 byte
- 1,024 bytes = 1 kilobyte
- 1,024 kilobytes = 1 megabyte
- 1.024 megabytes = 1 gigabyte
- 1,024 gigabytes = 1 terabyte
Ua piv txwv, kom hloov 5 kilobytes rau hauv cov khoom, koj yuav siv qhov kev hloov siab thib ob kom tau 5,120 bytes (1,024 X 5) thiab tom qab ntawd thawj zaug kom tau 40,960 khoom (5,120 X 8).
Txoj kev yooj yim dua kom tau cov kev hloov no yog siv lub tshuab xam zauv xws li lub Tshuab Tshuab Tshiab. Koj tuaj yeem kwv yees tau qhov txiaj ntsig los ntawm nkag mus rau lo lus nug hauv Google.