Lub npe
pob tseg - ext2 filesystem thaub qab
Synopsis
[- e ntaub ntawv ] [- f ntaub ntawv ] [- f tsab ntawv ] [- f tsab ] [- d level ] [- Kuv nrawm ] [- j compression level ] [- L daim ntawv ] [- Q daim ntawv ] [- s taw ] [- T hnub ] [- z compression level ] ntaub ntawv-mus-dump
pob tseg [- W | -w ]
(Lub BSD 4.3 kev xaiv lo lus xaiv tau ua rau kev rov qab sib thooj tab sis tsis tau muab teev rau ntawm no.)
Kev piav qhia
Pob tseg tshuaj ntsuam xyuas cov ntaub ntawv ntawm ib qho file extensions ntawm ext2 thiab txiav txim seb cov ntaub ntawv puas yuav tsum tau rov qab. Cov ntaub ntawv no tau muab luam tawm rau cov ntawv muab, koob los yog lwm yam nruab nrab khaws cia kom ruaj ntseg (saib qhov - f xaiv hauv qab no rau kev ua cov chaw thaub qab ). Ib pob tseg uas loj tshaj qhov tsim tawm nruab nrab yog tawg mus ua ntau yam. Nyob rau feem ntau cov xov xwm qhov loj me yog txiav txim tau los ntawm kev sau ntawv kom txog rau thaum xaus kev xa tawm rov qab.
Nyob rau hauv xov xwm uas tsis tuaj yeem rov qab tuaj yeem rov qab xa cov ntawv qhia tawm (xws li qee qhov cartridge kab xev), txhua lub ntim yog ib qhov loj; qhov loj tiag tiag yog txiav txim siab los ntawm kev qhia tawm cov ntawv xov xwm, los yog ntawm kab xev, qhov ceev thiab / lossis kev xaiv suav xaiv hauv qab no. Yog vim li ntawd, tib lub npe tso tawm cov ntaub ntawv yog siv rau txhua lub ntim tom qab tus neeg tsav tsheb kom hloov xov xwm.
cov ntaub ntawv-rau-pob tseg yog ib qho chaw nruab nrab ntawm ib daim filesystem lossis ib daim ntawv teev cov ntaub ntawv thiab kev tshawb fawb kom tau phwj raws li lub npe ntawm ib cov filesystem. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv qub, xws li txoj kev mus rau mounted filesystem los yog cov cuab yeej ntawm ib unmounted filesystem yuav siv. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub tom kawg, qee qhov kev txwv raug muab tso rau hauv thaub qab: - tsis tau tso cai rau, tsuas yog lub pob pov tseg uas yog kev txhawb nqa yog - 0 thiab tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv thiab kev qhia yuav tsum nyob rau hauv tib cov filesystem.
Cov kev xaiv hauv qab no yog txhawb los ntawm :
-0-9
Pob tseg ntau ntau. Ib theem 0, thaub qab thaub qab, ua kom tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv kaw lus (tiam sis saib tus h - hauv qab). Ib theem pes tsawg tshaj 0, ntxiv qhov thaub qab, qhia pob tseg kom luam tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv tshiab los yog hloov tshiab txij thaum kawg pob tseg ntawm qis dua. Lub neej qib qis yog 9.
-a
'' auto-size '' Koj yuav pom txhua daim kab xev ntev nyiaj, thiab sau kom txog thaum xaus kev xa rov qab. Qhov no ua haujlwm zoo tshaj plaws rau feem ntau cov suab paj nruag drives, thiab yog lub neej ntawd. Kev siv qhov kev xaiv no yog raug tshwj xeeb yog thaum xa mus rau ib daim kab xev uas twb muaj lawm, los yog siv lub koob thaij nrog kev kho nrig (qhov uas koj tuaj yeem tsis paub meej txog qhov sib txuam).
-A archive_file
Tshawb kos ib pob lus-ntawm-txheem hauv daim ntawv teev txog archive_file kom siv tau los ntawm (8) los txiav txim seb cov ntaub ntawv puas muaj nyob rau hauv cov ntawv pov tseg uas rov qab tuaj.
-tsis blockize
Tus naj npawb ntawm kilobytes ib daig ntawv pov tseg. Txij li ntawm qhov IO system slices tag nrho cov thov hauv chunks ntawm MAXBSIZE (feem ntau 64kB), nws tsis tau siv lub loj blockize tsis muaj teeb meem tom qab nrog restore (8). Yog li ntawd dump yuav constrain sau mus MAXBSIZE. Lub neej tso tawm blocks yog 10.
-Tej cov ntaub ntawv
Tus nab npawb ntawm 1 kB ntawm ib ntu. Tsis tas li ntawd, raws li pob tseg tuaj yeem txheeb xyuas qhov kawg ntawm kev tshaj tawm. Thaum pom qhov loj me me, pob tseg tos koj kom hloov lub ntim. Qhov kev xaiv no ua rau kev txiav txim siab ntawm daim kab xev raws li qhov ntev thiab qhov ceev. Yog tias compression yog ntawm no txwv qhov luaj li cas ntawm cov compressed tso tawm ib ntim.
-c
Hloov qhov kev siv sij hawm ntev dua rau kev siv daim cartridge daim kab xev, nrog qhov sib npaug ntawm 8000 bpi, thiab ntev li ntawm 1700 ko taw. Specifying ib tug cartridge tsav overrides xaus-ntawm-media nrhiav kom tau.
-d ntom nti
Teem cov nplaum ntom ntom nti rau qhov ceev Qhov default yog 1600BPI. Specifying ib daim kab xev ntim tshaj tawm qhov xaus ntawm kev tshaj tawm.
-e inodes
Tsis txhob tso tawm hauv pob zeb pov tseg. Inodes parameter yog ib qho ntawm cov zauv ntawm inode (koj tuaj yeem siv stat los nrhiav tus inode naj npawb rau cov ntaub ntawv los yog cov npe).
-E ua ntaub ntawv thov
Nyeem daim ntawv teev cov inodes yuav tsum tau tawm ntawm lub pob tseg los ntawm cov ntawv luam tawm cov ntaub ntawv Cov ntaub ntawv yuav tsum muaj cov ntaub ntawv tsis zoo uas muaj cov lej hauv xov sib cais los ntawm cov xov xwm tshiab.
-f ntaub ntawv
Sau qhov thaub qab rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv yog tej yam khoom tshwj xeeb ntaus ntawv xws li / dev / st0 (daim kab xev), / dev / rsd1c ( ib lub tshuab disk nti ), ib qho ntaub ntawv zoo tib yam, los yog `- '(tus txheem tso tawm). Ntau lub npe cov npe yuav muab tau los ua ib qho kev sib tw ua ke sib cais. Txhua daim ntawv yuav raug siv rau ib pob tsuaj rau hauv daim ntawv teev npe; Yog hais tias lub pob tseg yuav tsum ntau tshaj qhov tsawg ntawm cov npe uas tau muab, cov ntaub ntawv kawg yuav siv rau tag nrho cov khoom siv ntxiv tom qab tsho tawm rau kev tshaj tawm. Yog hais tias lub npe ntawm cov ntaub ntawv yog ntawm daim ntawv '' tus tswv tsev: ntaub ntawv '' los yog `tus neeg @ host: file '' pob tseg sau rau cov ntaub ntawv teev npe ntawm cov chaw taws teeb chaw siv rmt (8). Lub neej ua ntej lub npe ntawm cov chaw taws teeb rmt (8) yog / etc / rmt no yuav ua tau overridden los ntawm qhov chaw hloov RMT
-F tsab ntawv
Khiav cov tsab ntawv tom kawg ntawm txhua kab xev. Lub npe ntaus ntawv thiab tus lej ntim tam sim no raug muab pov rau ntawm txoj kab lus. Tsab ntawv yuav tsum xa rov qab yog tias dump yuav tsum tsis txhob nug tus neeg siv hloov daim kab xev, 1 yog dump yuav tsum mus txuas ntxiv tab sis nug tus neeg siv hloov daim kab xev. Lwm cov chaws tawm yuav ua rau pob tseg kom rho tawm. Rau kev ruaj ntseg, dump reverts rov qab mus rau tus neeg siv daim ID thiab tus tiag tiag ID tus ID ua ntej khiav tsab ntawv.
-h qib
Honor tus neeg siv `` nodump '' chij Dp Dv UF_NODUMP tsuas yog rau dumps ntawm los yog siab tshaj qhov theem muab qhov default Default level yog 1, yog tias qhov incremental backups omit xws li cov ntaub ntawv tab sis thaub qab tas lawv khaws cia.
-Tej uas tsis yog
Yog lub neej ua ntej, pob tseg yuav tsis pom thawj thawj zaug 32 nyeem cov ntaub ntawv ua ntej thov kev pabcuam rau tus neeg teb xov tooj. Koj tuaj yeem hloov qhov kev siv no tus chij rau txhua tus nqi. Qhov no yuav pab tau yog thaum khiav pob tseg rau ntawm ib qho filesystem uas nyeem cov lus tsis yog cias qhia ib qho tsis sib haum xeeb ntawm daim ntawv thiab kev xa tawm ntawm dumping.
-J compression theem
Hloov txhua lub thaiv kom sau rau ntawm daim kab xev siv bzlib lub tsev qiv ntawv. Qhov kev xaiv no yuav ua hauj lwm tsuas yog thaum muab pov tseg rau ib daim ntawv los yog cov yeeb nkab lossis, thaum muab pov tseg rau ib daim kab xev, yog tias daim kab xev muaj peev xwm sau tau qhov ntev ntawm cov blocks. Koj yuav tsum tau tsawg kawg yog qhov 0.4b24 version ntawm restore thiaj li extract compresses tapes. Tapes sau siv compression yuav tsis tau tshaj BSD daim kab xev. Qhov yeem (yeem) parameter qhia txog qhov theem bzlib yuav siv. Lub neej yuam kev yuam kev yog 2. Yog qhov kev xaiv parameter teev, yuav tsum tsis muaj chaw seem ntawm daim ntawv xaiv thiab qhov ntsuas.
-k
Siv Kerberos authentication tham nrog tej thaj chaw deb suab paj nruag. (Tsuas yog muaj cov kev xaiv no tau txais kev pabcuam thaum muab pov tseg.)
-L daim ntawv lo
Cov neeg siv ntawv sau cov ntawv sau cov ntawv sau tso rau hauv lub taub hau pob, qhov cuab yeej nyiam xws li rov qab (8) thiab cov ntaub ntawv (1) tuaj yeem nkag rau nws. Nco ntsoov tias daim ntawv qhia no tsuas yog siv rau feem ntau LBLSIZE (tam sim no 16), uas yuav tsum muaj qhov xaus <\ 0 '
-m
Yog tias tus chij no teev, pob tseg yuav optimize cov zis rau inodes muaj hloov tiam sis tsis hloov txij li lub xeem pob tseg ('hloov' thiab 'hloov' muaj lub ntsiab lus hauv stat (2)). Rau cov neeg inodes, pob tseg yuav cawm tsuas metadata, tsis txhob txuag tag nrho cov inode txheem. Inodes uas yog ib txoj kab los sis tau hloov lawm txij li lub hnub poob pov tseg nyob rau hauv ib qho kev li niaj zaus. Kev siv cov cim no yuav tsum zoo ib yam, lub ntsiab lus hais tias txhua lub pob tseg rau hauv ib qho pob txha nqaj tau muaj qhov cim, lossis tsis muaj leej twg muaj.
Tapes sau siv xws li 'metadata tsuas' inodes yuav tsis tau tshaj BSD daim kab xev hom ntawv los yog laus dua versions of restore.
-M
Pab kom muaj lub suab ntau ntim. Lub npe teev nrog - f yog kho raws li ib qho kev pov thawj thiab pob tseg sau rau ib theem zuj zus rau 001, 002 thiab lwm yam. Qhov no yuav pab tau thaum muab pov rau cov ntaub ntawv ntawm ib qho kev muab ext2, thiaj li ua rau dhau qhov 2GB daim ntawv loj tshaj.
-n
Thaum twg pob tseg cov neeg teb xov tooj yuav tsum ceeb toom, qhia rau txhua tus neeg teb nyob rau hauv pab pawg neeg 'neeg teb xov tooj' los ntawm kev ua zoo ib yam li phab ntsa (1).
-q
Ua kom pob tseg tshem tawm tam sim ntawd thaum twg tus neeg saib xyuas lub lag luam yuav tsum tau ua, tsis tas yuav tsum yog qhov kev sau ntawv yuam kev, hloov daim ntawv hloov thiab lwm yam.
-Q ntawv
Txhawb Cov Ntawv Ceev Cov Ntawv Nkag Mus Siv . Daim kab xev rau txhua qhov inode muab cia rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv cov ntaub ntawv uas siv los ntawm restore (yog hu nrog parameter Q thiab cov filename) ncaj qha rau txoj kab xev ntawm cov ntaub ntawv restore tam sim no ua haujlwm rau. Qhov no cawm cov sij hawm thaum muab cov ntaub ntawv rov qab los ntawm cov backups tshiab, txuag cov tapes thiab tsav lub taub hau.
Nws pom zoo kom teeb tsa tus neeg tsav tsheb kom nws rov qab mus rau cov neeg ua haujlwm uas tsis yog hu ua tus neeg tsav tsheb ua ntej rov qab los. teem caij rau lub cev tsis zoo. Thov mus saib ntawm tus txiv neej sab, xaiv MTSETDRVBUFFER, los yog cov txiv neej mt, yuav ua li cas los laij tus neeg tsav tsheb kom rov qab mus rau cov haujlwm tshiab.
Ua ntej hu rov qab nrog parameter Q, nco ntsoov xyuas kom tus neeg tsav tsheb st nws yuav tsum xa tib hom kab xev siv thaum lub sij hawm hu rau pob tseg. Txwv tsis pub rov qab yuav tsis meej pem.
Qhov kev xaiv no siv tau thaum muab pov tseg rau hauv qhov chaw nqes (saib saum toj saud) lossis rau cov ntaub ntawv hauv zos.
-s taw
Sim mus ntsuas cov nyiaj xev uas yuav tsum tau muaj ntawm qhov ntom ntom nti. Yog tias cov nyiaj no tshaj li, pob tseg cov lus qhia rau ib daim kab xev tshiab. Nws yog qhov pom zoo kom ua kom me ntsis ntawm qhov kev xaiv no. Lub neej thev ntev tshaj yog 2300 ko taw. Qhia meej txog cov kab xev loj tshaj qhov tseeb ntawm qhov xaus ntawm kev tshaj tawm.
-S
Qhov luaj li cas. Txiav txim seb tus nqi ntawm qhov chaw uas yuav tsum tau ua rau lub pob tseg tsis tau ua, thiab pom tus naj npawb ntawm bytes nws yuav coj. Qhov no pab tau nrog cov kev siv tshuaj ntau tshaj plaws los txiav txim seb muaj pes tsawg qhov yuav tsum luam tawm.
-Tub hnub tim
Siv lub sijhawm teev tseg raws li lub sij hawm pib lub pob tseg tsis yog lub sij hawm tau txiav txim los ntawm kev saib hauv / lwm yam / dumpdates Lub hom hnub tim twg yog tib yam li qhov ntawm ctime (3). Qhov kev xaiv no yog qhov tseem ceeb rau cov ntawv pov tseg cov ntawv sau cia uas xav muab pov tseg ntau lub sijhawm. Qhov - T xaiv yog ib qhov ntawm kev xaiv - u xaiv.
-u
Hloov cov ntaub ntawv / lwm yam / dumpdates tom qab ib lub pob tseg zoo. Cov hom ntawv / etc / dumpdates yog nyeem los ntawm tib neeg, muaj ib hom ntawv pub dawb hauv ib kab: cov npe filesystem , qib theem thiab ctime hnub tim thawm hnub (3). Tej zaum yuav tsuas yog ib qho nkag rau ib qho fileystem nyob rau txhua theem. Cov ntaub ntawv / lwm yam / dumpdates yuav kho kom pauv ib yam dab tsi, yog tias tsim nyog.
-W
Pob tseg qhia tus neeg teb xov tooj seb cov ntaub ntawv yuav tsum tau muab pov tseg. Cov ntaub ntawv no yog muab los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv / lwm yam / dumpdates thiab / etc / fstab Lub- W xaiv ua pob tseg rau luam tawm, rau tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv systems hauv / lwm yam / dumpdates thiab regognized ua ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv / etc / fstab hnub pob tseg tsis ntev los no thiab theem, thiab qhia txog cov neeg uas yuav tsum tau muab pov tseg. Yog hais tias qhov kev xaiv W - W , tag nrho lwm cov kev xaiv raug ignored, thiab pob tseg tawm tam sim ntawd.
-w
Zoo li - W tiam sis luam tawm tsuas pom cov filesystems / etc / fstab uas yuav tsum tau muab pov tseg.
-z compression level
Hloov txhua lub thaiv kom raug sau rau ntawm daim ntawv siv zlib library. Qhov kev xaiv no yuav ua hauj lwm tsuas yog thaum muab pov tseg rau ib daim ntawv los yog cov yeeb nkab lossis, thaum muab pov tseg rau ib daim kab xev, yog tias daim kab xev muaj peev xwm sau tau qhov ntev ntawm cov blocks. Koj yuav tsum tau tsawg kawg yog qhov 0.4b22 version ntawm restore thiaj li extract compresses tapes. Tapes sau siv compression yuav tsis tau tshaj BSD daim kab xev. Qhov (xaiv) parameter qhia txog theem zlib yuav siv. Lub neej yuam kev yuam kev yog 2. Yog qhov kev xaiv parameter teev, yuav tsum tsis muaj chaw seem ntawm daim ntawv xaiv thiab qhov ntsuas.
Pob tseg yuav tsum muaj kev cuam tshuam rau tus neeg teb xov tooj ntawm cov teeb meem no: kawg ntawm daim kab xev, xaus pob tseg, sau ntawv yuam kev, xev qhib qhov yuam kev lossis quab yuam kev nyeem ntawv (yog tias muaj ntau tshaj qhov chaw pib ntawm qhov yuam kev). Ntxiv rau kev ceeb toom tag nrho cov neeg tsav tsheb uas yog los ntawm lub ntsiab n , cov pob tseg qhauj nrog tus neeg teb xov tooj ntawm lub pob tseg lub npav tswj qee lub sijhawm thaum lub pob tseg tsis tuaj yeem ua haujlwm ntxiv, lossis yog muaj qee yam tsis ncaj ncees. Txhua cov lus nug txog pob tseg yuav tsum raug teb los ntawm typing `Yes 'lossis' no no '' yam tsim nyog.
Txij thaum ua ib lub pob tseg yuav ntau ntau lub sijhawm thiab kev rau siab rau kev pauv tag nrho, pov tseg checkpoints nws tus kheej thaum pib ntawm txhua lub suab xev. Yog tias sau tias ntim tsis tau vim qee zaum, dump yuav, nrog rau tus neeg teb xov tooj tso cai, pib dua ntawm qhov chaw kuaj xyuas tom qab cov laus daim kab xev tau rov qab thiab tshem tawm, thiab ib daim kab xev tshiab tau muab tso rau.
Pob tseg qhia tus neeg teb xov tooj seb yuav mus rau ntawm cov sij hawm ua haujlwm, xws li qis qis tshaj ntawm cov ntawv sau, tus xov tooj ntawm nws yuav siv sij hawm, lub sij hawm ua tiav, thiab lub sij hawm hloov daim kab xev. Cov zis yog verbose, kom lwm tus neeg paub tias lub pob zeb tswj kev lag luam yog tibneeg hu tauj coob, thiab yuav tau qee lub sijhawm.
Thaum muaj kev cuam tshuam loj ntawm qhov teeb meem, lub sij hawm yuav tsum tau rov qab los rau tag nrho cov tsim nyog cov koob thaub qab los yog cov ntaub ntawv rau disk yuav khaws cia kom tsawg kawg los ntawm staggering incremental dumps. Ib txoj kev zoo ntawm staggering incremental dumps mus txo cov xov tooj ntawm cov tapes nram no:
- Txhua zaus pib nrog qib 0 thaub qab, piv txwv li: / sbin / dump -0u -f / dev / st0 / usr / src Qhov no yuav tsum tau ua thaum teem caij sib tham, hais ib hlis ib zaug lossis ib zaug ob zaug, thiab ib txheej tshiab tapes uas yog tau txais kev cawmdim mus ib txhis.
- Tom qab qib 0, cov ciaj ciam ntawm cov ntaub ntawv ua haujlwm raug coj los siv txhua hnub, siv qhov hloov ntauwd ntawm Hanoi algorithm, nrog cov theem ntawm pob tseg: 3 2 5 4 7 6 9 8 9 9 ... Rau txhua hnub, nws yuav tsum tau siv ntau tus kab xev rau txhua hnub, siv rau hauv txhua lub limtiam. Txhua lub lis piam, theem 1 pob tseg, thiab txhua hnub Hanoi qib rov ua dua pib 3. Rau txhua lub hlis, ib lub sijhawm sib tsoo ib cov ntaub ntawv pov tseg ib zaug, kuj yog siv rau ntawm lub hauv paus.
Tom qab ob peb lub hlis los yog li ntawd, cov kab xaum ntawv txhua hnub thiab txhua lub lim piam yuav tsum tau hloov tawm ntawm lub voj voog thiab cov tshiab tapes coj los rau hauv.
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rmt (8)
Tseem ceeb: Siv tus txiv neej hais kom ua ( % tus txiv neej ) seb qhov kev hais kom raug siv hauv koj lub computer.