Ib cov ntaub ntawv cav, raws li koj tau zoo tau guessed, muab ib ncua sij hawm ntawm cov txheej xwm rau lub Linux operating system , daim ntaub ntawv thiab cov kev pab cuam.
Cov ntaub ntawv khaws cia hauv cov ntawv nyeem ua kom yooj yim nyeem ntawv. Phau ntawv qhia no qhia txog qhov twg los nrhiav cov ntaub ntawv sau cia, qhia txog ob peb yam ntawm cov ntawv tseem ceeb thiab piav txog kev nyeem ntawv rau lawv.
Qhov chaw uas koj tuaj yeem nrhiav Linux Log Files
Cov ntaub ntawv sau cia Linux yog feem ntau khaws cia rau hauv daim nplaub tshev / var / cav.
Daim nplaub tshev yuav muaj ntau cov ntaub ntawv thiab koj tuaj yeem tau txais cov ntaub ntawv rau txhua daim ntawv thov.
Piv txwv li thaum lub ls hais kom ua yog nyob hauv tus qauv / var / cav nplaub tshev ntawm no yog qee qhov ntawm cov cav muaj.
- kern.log
- auth.log
- bootstrap.log
- alternatives.log
- samba
- khob
- teeb pom kev
Peb lub xeem nyob rau hauv daim ntawv teev npe no yog folders tab sis lawv muaj cov ntaub ntawv teev cia hauv cov folders.
Raws li cov ntaub ntawv teev npe nyob hauv cov ntawv nyeem dawb lub hom phiaj koj tuaj yeem nyeem lawv los ntawm kev sau cov lus txuas mus ntxiv no:
nano
Qhov hais kom ua saum toj no qhib lub cav cov ntaub ntawv hauv tus editor hu ua nano . Yog hais tias cov ntaub ntawv teev me me me me ces nws xav tau qhib lub cav cov ntaub ntawv hauv thiab editor, tiam sis yog lub cav cov ntaub ntawv loj ces koj ntshe tsuas xav nyeem cov Tsov tus kawg ntawm lub cav.
Tail command yog cia koj nyeem ob peb kab dhau los hauv ib daim ntawv raws li nram no:
tail
Koj tuaj yeem qhia kom meej tias muaj pes tsawg txoj kab los qhia nrog -n hloov raws li nram no:
Tail -n
Tau kawg, yog tias koj xav pom qhov pib ntawm cov ntaub ntawv koj tuaj yeem siv qhov kev txiav txim taub .
Qhov System Tseem Ceeb
Cov ntaub ntawv teev npe nram qab no yog cov tseem ceeb los saib rau hauv Linux.
- Tso Cai Tso Cai
- Daemon cav
- Debug Log
- Kernel Log
- System Log
Cov ntawv tso cai (auth.log) siv cov kev tso cai uas tswj cov neeg siv nkag.
Lub daemon cav (daemon.log) cov kev pab cuam uas khiav hauv tus keeb kwm yav dhau los ua cov haujlwm tseem ceeb.
Daemons yuav muaj tsis muaj graphical cov zis.
Lub debug cav muab kev debug tso zis rau daim ntaub ntawv.
Lub cav ntsiav cov ncauj lus qhia txog lub tshuab Linux.
Lub kaw lus cav muaj cov ntaub ntawv tshaj tawm txog koj lub cev thiab yog tias koj daim ntawv thov tsis muaj nws cov ntawv teev npe nkag yuav zaum hauv cov ntaub ntawv no.
Ntsuam Xyuas Cov Txheem Ntawm Ib Daim Ntawv Teev Npe
Daim duab saum toj no qhia txog cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv 50 dhau los ntawm kuv qhov system log (syslog).
Txhua kab hauv lub cav teev cov ncauj lus nram qab no:
- Hnub tim
- Hostname
- Daim Ntawv Thov / Kev Pabcuam
- Lus sam
Piv txwv li, ib kab hauv kuv cov ntaub ntawv syslog yog raws li nram no:
Lub Xya hli ntuj 12 12:28:56 gary-virtualbox systemd [1]: pib khob lub sij hawm teem caij
Qhov no yuav qhia rau koj tias kev pabcuam khob thaum pib ntawm 12.28 nyob rau hnub tim 20th.
Cov Ntawv Teev Tseg
Teev cov ntaub ntawv tig rov los xwv kom lawv tsis txhob loj dhau.
Lub cav hloov tsheb yog lub luag haujlwm rau cov ntaub ntawv hloov cov ntaub ntawv. Koj tuaj yeem qhia tau thaum twg lub cav tau tig vim nws yuav ua raws li tus naj npawb xws li auth.log.1, auth.log.2.
Nws yog ua tau kom hloov lub zaus ntawm kev sib hloov cav los ntawm editing cov ntaub ntawv / etc / logrotate.conf
Cov nram no qhia tau cov qauv ntawm kuv cov ntaub ntawv logrotate.conf:
#rotate cav cov ntaub ntawv
txhua lub lim tiam
#keep 4 lub lis piam muaj nqis ntawm cov ntaub ntawv ca
tig 4
tsim cov ntaub ntawv tshiab tom qab tig
tsim
Raws li koj tuaj yeem pom, cov ntaub ntawv teev npe no hloov txhua lub limtiam, thiab muaj plaub lub limtiam uas teev cov ntaub ntawv khaws cia ntawm txhua lub sijhawm.
Thaum twg cov ntaub ntawv ca tig rov ib qho tshiab yog tsim hauv nws qhov chaw.
Txhua daim ntawv thov tuaj yeem muaj nws txoj kev hloov ntawm txoj cai. Qhov no yog obviously pab tau vim hais tias cov ntaub ntawv syslog yuav loj hlob sai dua lub khob cov ntaub ntawv.
Cov kev cai ntawm kev sib hloov tau khaws cia hauv /etc/logrotate.d. Txhua daim ntawv thov uas yuav tsum muaj nws txoj kev hloov ua haujlwm yuav muaj cov ntaub ntawv teev npe hauv daim nplaub tshev.
Piv txwv li cov cuab yeej apt muaj ib cov ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv lub logrotate.d folder raws li nram no:
/var/log/apt/history.log {
tig 12
txhua hli
compress
missingok
notifempty
}
Yeej, daim ntawv no qhia koj txog cov hauv qab no. Lub cav yuav sau tau 12 lub lis piam muaj cov ntaub ntawv teev tseg thiab tig txhua lub hli (1 tauj ib hlis). Lub cav cov ntaub ntawv yuav raug muab sau. Yog tias tsis muaj xov xwm sau rau ib qho log (piv txwv li nws tsis muaj khoob) ces qhov no yog qhov tau. Lub cav yuav tsis tig yog tias nws khoob.
Txhawm rau hloov txoj cai ntawm ib daim ntawv hloov cov ntaub ntawv nrog rau qhov chaw koj xav tau thiab ces khiav cov lus txib nram qab no:
logrotate -f