Kev qhia Linux thiab Unix nrhiav tau executes ib tug nrhiav rau cov ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv ib phau hierarchy.
Syntax mus nrhiav tau hais kom ua:
nrhiav [kab ...] [kev qhia]
Kev piav qhia
Qhov nplooj ntawv qhia no ua pov thawj GNU version ntawm kev nrhiav . Cov lus txib nrhiav tau tshawb nrhiav tus ntoo hauv paus ntawm txhua tus neeg lub npe uas tau muab los ntawm kev ntsuam xyuas qhov kev qhia tawm ntawm sab laug rau sab xis, raws li cov cai ntawm qhov xub thawj (saib seem ntawm Cov Neeg Teb Xov Tooj hauv qab), kom txog rau thaum xaus; ua txhais tau tias, sab laug tes yog qhov tsis muaj tseeb thiab ua haujlwm, muaj tseeb rau lossis , thaum twg taw tes nrhiav txav mus rau lub npe tom ntej.
Qhov thawj sib cav uas pib nrog:
- -
- ( lossis )
- ,
- !
yog coj los ua qhov pib ntawm qhov qhia; txhua nqe lus sib tham ua ntej nws yog txoj kev nrhiav, thiab cov lus sib tham tom qab nws yog qhov seem ntawm qhov qhia. Yog tias tsis muaj cov kev qhia, cov npe tam sim no siv. Yog tias tsis qhia tawm, qhov kev qhia yog siv.
Qhov kev txiav txim hais tawm tawm nrog rau txoj cai 0 yog tias tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv muaj kev ua tiav, ntau dua 0 yog hais tias tsis raug.
Zaj lus
Cov kev qhia yog ua los ntawm kev xaiv (uas cuam tshuam tag nrho cov kev khiav hauj lwm es tsis ua cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv, thiab yuav tsum rov qab muaj tseeb), cov kev ntsuam xyuas (uas rov tawm qhov tseeb los yog cuav tus nqi), thiab cov yeeb yam (uas muaj kev phiv thiab rov qab muaj tseeb los cuav tus nqi), txhua tus sib cais los ntawm cov tswv. Qhov kev qhia - thiab yog assumed twg tus neeg teb xov tooj yog rho tawm. Yog hais tias cov kev qhia tsis muaj yam ua tsis yog -prune , ces -print yog ua tiav rau tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv rau qhov kev qhia tseeb.
Xaiv
Txhua yam kev xaiv yeej rov qab los tiag. Lawv yuav tsum siv sij hawm zoo, tsis yog ua tiav thaum lawv qhov chaw nyob rau hauv cov lus qhia. Yog li ntawd, rau clarity, nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws los tso lawv thaum pib ntawm qhov qhia.
| -daystart | Kev ntsuas sij hawm (rau -amin, -atime, -cmin, -them, -mmin, thiab -mtime ) txij hnub pib ntawm hnub no es tsis dhau 24 teev dhau los. |
| -depth | Txheej txheem txhua tus txheej txheem cov ntawv ua ntej cov directory nws tus kheej. |
| -follow | Dereference leb txuas. Implies -noleaf . |
| -Hloov lossis - pabcuam | Sau cov lus hais txog qhov kev siv lo lus txib ntawm kev nrhiav thiab tawm. |
| -maxdepth [tus xov tooj] | Txaus siab tshaj plaws ntawm ntau theem (ib qho uas tsis yog cov kab zauv) ntawm cov kab lus hauv qab cov kab lus hais kom ua. Qhov kev qhia -maxdepth 0 txhais tau tias tsuas yog siv cov kev ntsuam xyuas thiab cov kev nqis tes ua rau cov kab lus hais kom ua. |
| -mindepth [tus xov tooj] | Tsis txhob siv qhov kev ntsuam xyuas lossis kev ua ntawm theem qis dua tus naj npawb (ib qho tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam). Cov kev qhia - kawm tob 1 txhais tau tias yog cov txheej txheem txhua cov ntaub ntawv tshwj tsis yog cov kab kev hais kom ua. |
| -paub | Tsis txhob cia cov kab txuas rau lwm cov filesystems. Lwm lub npe rau - xdev , rau compatibility nrog lwm versions ntawm kev nrhiav . |
| -niasaf | Txhim kho tsis tau los ntawm kev xav tias Wage tsuas muaj 2 tsawg dua li ntawm lawv cov sib txuas sib txuas. |
| -version los yog --version | Sau tus naj npawb nrhiav kev tawm thiab tawm. |
| -xdev | Tsis txhob cia cov kab txuas rau lwm cov filesystems. |
* Qhov kev xaiv no yog xav tau thaum nrhiav cov filesystems uas tsis ua raws li cov Unix directory-link convention, xws li CD-ROM lossis MS-DOS filesystems los yog AFS ntim qhov ntsiab lus. Txhua phau ntawv ntawm ib qho chaw Unix filesystem muaj tsawg kawg yog 2 nyuab links: nws lub npe thiab nws . (lub sijhawm) nkag. Ntxiv thiab, nws subdirectories (yog tias muaj) txhua tus muaj ib tug nkag mus txuas rau qhov directory.
Thaum nrhiav tau cov ntawv qhia, tom qab nws muaj cai tsawg dua ob lub subdirectories dua li cov directory's txuas suav, nws paub tias cov seem ntawm cov npe nkag hauv cov npe yog non-kev tshawb fawb ( cov ntaub ntawv nplooj hauv cov ntoo). Yog tias tsuas yog cov ntaub ntawv cov npe yuav tsum tau kuaj, tsis tas yuav muab lawv tso tawm; qhov no yuav ua rau kev nce siab hauv kev tshawb nrhiav ceev.
Cov kev sim
Numeric cov lus sib tham tau hais tias:
| + n | Rau siab tshaj n. |
| -n | Rau tsawg tshaj n. |
| n | Rau nraim n. |
| -amin n | Cov ntaub ntawv tau dhau los n feeb dhau los. |
| -niav [ntaub ntawv] | Cov ntaub ntawv tau dhau los nyuam qhuav tau tshaj tawm cov ntaub ntawv . -paub yog cuam tshuam los ntawm -follow tsuas yog -follow los ua ntej-tshiab rau ntawm cov kab hais kom ua. |
| -atime n | Cov ntaub ntawv tau kawg tau n * 24 teev dhau los. |
| -cmin n | Cov ntaub ntawv tus txheej xwm yog xeem hloov n feeb dhau los. |
| -cnewer [file] | Cov ntaub ntawv txheej xwm yog hloov lub sijhawm nyuam qhuav dhau cov ntaub ntawv raug hloov. - Cnewer cuam tshuam los ntawm -follow tsuas yog -follow los ua ntej -cnewer rau ntawm kab hais kom ua. |
| -paub n | Cov ntaub ntawv yog qhov hloov dhau tus n * 24 teev dhau los. |
| -empty | Cov ntaub ntawv yog khoob thiab yog cov ntaub ntawv tsis tu ncua lossis ib phau ntawv teev npe. |
| -false | Ib txwm dag. |
| -fstype [hom] | Cov ntaub ntawv yog nyob rau ntawm filesystem ntawm hom kev qhia. Cov ntaub ntawv filesystem siv sib txawv ntawm ntau hom versions ntawm Unix; ib qho tsis tiav cov ntaub ntawv filesystem uas tau txais los ntawm Qee qhov Unix lossis lwm tus yog: ufs, 4.2, 4.3, nfs, tmp, mfs, S51K, S52K. Koj siv tau -printf nrog lub% F tswj coj kom pom cov hom koj filesystems. |
| -qhov n | Cov ntaub ntawv tus naj npawb ntawm pawg naj npawb yog n . |
| -group [gname] | Cov ntaub ntawv belongs rau pab pawg neeg gname (suav seb muaj pes tsawg pab pawg ID). |
| -muab npe [qauv] | Zoo li -lname, tab sis qhov phim yog cov ntaub ntawv insensitive. |
| -iname [pattern] | Zoo li -name , tab sis tus phim yog cov ntaub ntawv insensitive. Piv txwv, cov qauv fo * thiab F ?? phim cov ntaub ntawv npe Foo , FOO , foo , fOo , etc. |
| -num ntawm n | Cov ntaub ntawv muaj inode n . |
| -paub [qauv] | Zoo li -path , tab sis qhov phim yog cov ntaub ntawv insensitive. |
| -txais | Zoo li -regex, tab sis qhov phim yog cov ntaub ntawv tsis hnov lus. |
| -saibxyuas n | Cov ntaub ntawv muaj n txuas. |
| -lname [qauv] | Cov ntaub ntawv yog lub cim qhov uas nws txheem cov qauv plhaub qauv. Cov metacharacters tsis kho / los yog . tshwj xeeb. |
| -mmin n | Cov ntaub ntawv cov ntaub ntawv tau muab kho dua n feeb dhau los. |
| -mtime n | Cov ntaub ntawv cov ntaub ntawv tau muab kho dua tshiab n * 24 teev dhau los. |
| -name [qauv] | Lub hauv paus ntawm cov ntaub ntawv lub npe (txoj kev nrog cov kev tshawb fawb tau muab tshem tawm) cov khauj khaum plhaw qauv. Cov metacharacters ( * , ? , Thiab [] ) tsis phim ib . thaum pib lub npe ntawm lub hauv paus. Yuav tsum tsis quav ntsej cov directory thiab cov ntaub ntawv hauv qab no, siv -prune ; pom ib qho piv txwv nyob rau hauv qhov kev piav qhia ntawm -path . |
| -newer [file] | Cov ntaub ntawv raug hloov ntau dua nyuam qhuav dhau ntaub ntawv . Cov kev qhia -newer cuam tshuam los ntawm -follow tsuas yog -follow los txog ua ntej -newer rau ntawm kab hais kom ua. |
| -tej | Tsis pub neeg siv raws nraim li cov ntaub ntawv tus zauv ID. |
| -nog pawg | Tsis muaj ib pawg twg sib sau rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv tus lej ID. |
| -path [qauv] | Cov ntaub ntawv lub npe ntais plhaw txawv qauv . Cov metacharacters tsis kho / los yog . tshwj xeeb; yog li, piv txwv, nrhiav. -path '. \ / sr*sc yuav sau ib qho kev nkag teb chaws rau ib directory hu ua. \ / src \ / misc (yog tias muaj ib qho). Yuav tsum tsis quav ntsej cov ntoo tag nrho, siv - tsis zoo dua qhov xyuas txhua cov ntaub ntawv hauv tsob ntoo. Piv txwv, hla qhov directory src / emacs thiab tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv thiab kev tsim hauv qab, thiab sau cov npe ntawm lwm cov ntaub ntawv muaj nyob, ua tej yam zoo li no: nrhiav. -path '. \ / src \ / emacs' -prune -o -print |
| -perm [hom] | Cov ntaub ntawv tso cai muaj raws nraim [hom] (octal los yog symbolic). Cov cim hom siv hom 0 raws li tus taw tes tawm mus tsev. |
| -paub-kawm ntawv | Tag nrho cov khoom tso cai [hom] raug teem rau cov ntaub ntawv. |
| -perm + hom | Ib qho ntawm cov khoom tso cai [hom] raug teem rau cov ntaub ntawv. |
| -regex [qauv] | Cov npe ua ntu zus ib txwm qhia tawm. Qhov no yog ib txoj kev sib tw ntawm txoj kev mus tag nrho, tsis yog tshawb nrhiav. Piv txwv, kom phim ib cov ntaub ntawv hu ua ./fubar3, koj tuaj yeem siv qhov kev qhia tawm . * Bar. lossis . * b. * 3 , tab sis tsis yog b. * r3 . |
| -size n [bckw] | Cov ntaub ntawv siv n units ntawm qhov chaw. Cov koog no yog 512-byte blocks los ntawm lub neej los sis yog b raws n , bytes yog c raws li n , kilobytes yog k nram qab n , los yog 2-byte lo lus yog w raws n . Qhov luaj li cas tsis suav txog cov blocks tsis ncaj, tab sis nws tsis suav cov blocks hauv cov ntaub ntawv sib txawv uas tsis tau muab faib. |
| -paub | Txhua zaus yeej muaj tseeb. |
| -tuam c | Cov ntaub ntawv yog hom c : |
| b | Block (buffered) tshwj xeeb |
| c | Txuj ci (unbuffered) tshwj xeeb |
| d | Cov npe |
| p | Lub npe yeeb nkab (FIFO) |
| f | Cov ntaub ntawv tsis tu ncua |
| l | Symbolic txuas |
| s | Qhov (Socket) |
| D | rooj (Solaris) |
| -uid n | Cov ntaub ntawv tus naj npawb numeric user yog n . |
| -siv n | Cov ntaub ntawv tau dhau los n hnub tom qab nws qhov xwm txheej hloov tas. |
| -user uname | Cov ntaub ntawv yog tus neeg siv lub npe (tus neeg tso cai tus naj npawb tso cai). |
| -txoj c | Tib yam li -tias tshwj tsis yog tias cov ntaub ntawv yog lub ntsiab lus piv txwv. Rau cov cim uas txuas: yog tsis-muab, tsis muaj tseeb yog tias cov ntaub ntawv yog qhov txuas rau cov ntaub ntawv c ; yog -follow tau muab, tseeb yog c yog l. Hauv lwm lo lus, rau cov cim kev sib txuas, -offype checks hom ntawm cov ntaub ntawv uas -type tsis kos. |
Kev ua
-exec hais kom ua ;
Execute txib ; tseeb yog hais tias 0 txheej xwm raug xa rov qab. Tag nrho cov lus sib cav nram qab no yuav raug coj mus sib cam rau cov lus txib kom txog rau thaum muaj kev sib cav sib thooj ntawm `; ' yog ntsib. Cov hlua '{}' hloov los ntawm lub npe tam sim no lub npe ua haujlwm txhua qhov chaw tshwm sim nyob rau hauv cov lus sib ceg rau qhov kev hais kom ua, tsis yog sib ceg nyob qhov twg nws yog ib leeg xwb, raws li hauv qee qhov kev tshawb nrhiav . Tag nrho ob qho ntawm cov kev tsim no yuav tsum tau khiav dim (nrog rau ib qho) los yog hais kom los tiv thaiv lawv ntawm kev nthuav dav los ntawm lub plhaub. Qhov kev hais kom ua tiav nyob rau hauv phau pib.
-cov ntaub ntawv
Muaj tseeb; zoo li -siv tab sis sau rau cov ntaub ntawv zoo li-tawm tsam.
-Paub ntaub ntawv
Muaj tseeb; sau tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv npe rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv file . Yog tias cov ntaub ntawv tsis muaj nyob thaum nrhiav tau khiav, nws tsim muaj; yog tias nws nyob, nws yog truncated. Cov ntaub ntawv npe '`/ dev / stdout' 'thiab'` / dev / stderr '' yog xyuas tshwj xeeb; lawv xa mus rau cov zis tso zis thiab txheem yuam kev tawm, feem.
-cov ntaub ntawv
Muaj tseeb; zoo li -print0 tab sis sau ntawv mus ua cov ntaub ntawv- xws li.
-Fprintf cov ntaub ntawv hom ntaub ntawv
Muaj tseeb; zoo li -printf, tiam sis sau ntawv mus ua cov ntaub ntawv- xws li.
-kwb hais kom ua ;
Zoo li -exec tab sis nug tus neeg siv ua ntej (ntawm tus qauv tawm tswv yim); yog qhov lus teb tsis pib nrog `y 'los yog' Y ', tsis txhob khiav qhov hais kom ua, thiab rov qab tsis muaj tseeb.
-tej
Muaj tseeb; sau tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv npe ntawm tus txheej txheem tawm qauv, raws li yog ib qho tshiab.
-tsis0
Muaj tseeb; sau tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv npe ntawm tus txheej txheem tso tawm, tom qab ntawd yog ib tus neeg ua cim. Qhov no pub rau npe cov npe uas muaj cov xov xwm tshiab kom raug txhais los ntawm cov kev pab cuam uas ua qhov kev tshawb xyuas tawm.
-printf hom ntawv
Muaj tseeb; luam hom ntawm tus qauv tso zis, txhais '`escapes thiab'% 'directives. Field widths thiab precisions tuaj yeem sau qhia nrog rau qhov kev sau "printf 'C. Tsis zoo li -print, -printf tsis ntxiv newline thaum kawg ntawm txoj hlua. Cov escapes thiab cov cai yog:
\ a
Tswb tswb.
b
Backspace.
\ c
Txhob luam tawm los ntawm hom ntawv no sai thiab yaug tawm cov zis.
\ f
Daim ntawv pub.
\ n
Newline.
\ r
Kev xa khoom xa rov qab.
\ t
Kab rov tav.
\ v
Vertical tab.
\\
Ib cov lus nraub qaum rov qab ("\").
\ NNN
Tus cim uas yog ASCII code yog NNN (octal).
A 'cim' tom qab ntawd yog lwm yam cim yog kho raws li tus cwj pwm zoo tib yam, yog li lawv ob leeg luam tawm.
%%
Ib qho cim sau feem pua.
% a
Cov ntaub ntawv lub sij hawm dhau los hauv cov hom ntawv xa rov qab los ntawm C 'ctime' function.
% A k
Cov ntaub ntawv lub sij hawm dhau los hauv hom ntawv uas tau teev tseg los ntawm k , uas yog tog twg los `@ 'lossis tus tswj kev ua haujlwm rau C' strftime '. Qhov tau qhov tseem ceeb rau k tau teev tseg hauv qab no; qee leej kuj yuav tsis muaj nyob rau txhua lub tshuab, vim qhov txawv ntawm 'strftime' nruab nrab ntawm cov kab ke.
@
vib nas this txij Jan. 1, 1970, 00:00 GMT.
Lub sij hawm teb:
H
teev (00..23)
Kuv
teev (01..12)
k
teev (0..23)
l
teev (1..12)
M
feeb (00..59)
p
thaj chaw AM lossis PM
r
sijhawm, 12-teev (hh: hli: ss [AP] M)
S
ob (00..61)
T
sijhawm, 24-teev (hh: hli: ss)
X
thaj chaw lub sij hawm sawv cev (H: M: S)
Z
sij hawm tsam (xws li, EDT), los sis tsis muaj dab tsi yog tias tsis muaj qhov sij hawm cheeb tsam txiav txim tau
Hnub sau:
a
thaj chaw lub npe luv npe lub hnub (Sun..Sat)
A
thaj chaw hnub puv lub npe, txawv sijhawm ntev (Hnub vas xaum ..Xav huab cua ..)
b
thaj chaw lub npe luv lub npe (Jan.Dec)
B
thaj chaw lub npe txhua lub hli, txawv sijhawm ntev (Lub Ib Hlis Ntuj Nruab Nrab ..)
c
thaj chaw lub hnub tim thiab sijhawm (Sat Nov 04 12:02:33 EST 1989)
d
hnub ntawm hli (01..31)
D
hnub (hli / hnub / xyoo)
h
tib yam li b
j
hnub ntawm xyoo (001..366)
m
hli (01..12)
U
lub as thiv naj npawb ntawm xyoo ua ke nrog thawj hnub ntawm lub lim tiam (00..53)
w
hnub ntawm lub lim tiam (0..6)
W
txhua lub lim tiam ntawm lub xyoo ua ntej hnub Monday thawj hnub ntawm lub lim tiam (00..53)
x
thaj chaw lub hnub sawv cev (hli / hnub / xyoo)
y
ob lub hlis ntawm lub xyoo (00..99)
Y
xyoo (1970 ...)
% b
Cov ntawv me me nyob hauv 512-byte blocks (sib npaug).
% c
Cov ntaub ntawv dhau los hloov lub sij hawm hauv hom ntawv xa rov qab los ntawm C 'ctime' function.
% C k
Cov ntaub ntawv dhau los hloov lub sijhawm hloov ntawm k , uas yog tib yam li rau% A.
% d
Cov ntaub ntawv qhov tob ntawm tsob ntoo; 0 txhais tau hais tias cov ntaub ntawv yog qhov kev sib cav kab lus.
% f
Cov ntaub ntawv lub npe nrog rau cov kev tshawb fawb tau muab tshem tawm (tsuas yog lub caij xeem).
% F
Hom ntawm filesystem cov ntaub ntawv nyob rau; cov nqi no siv tau rau -fstype.
% g
Cov ntaub ntawv lub npe pawg, los yog tus lej ID naj npawb yog tias pawg tsis muaj npe.
% G
Cov ntaub ntawv tus lej ID.
% h
Ua tus thawj coj ntawm cov ntaub ntawv lub npe (tag nrho tab sis lub xeem xeem).
% H
Hais kom ua kab lus sib cav nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv.
% i
Cov ntaub ntawv inode tus naj npawb (hauv cov zauv).
% k
Cov ntaub ntawv luaj li cas hauv 1 k blocks (sib npaug).
% l
Lub ntsiab ntawm cov cim lub cim (npliag txoj hlua yog cov ntaub ntawv tsis yog lub cim qhov txuas).
% m
Cov ntawv tso cai cov khoom tso cai (nyob rau hauv octal).
% n
Cov nab npawb ntawm cov ntaub ntawv sib txuas lus.
% p
Cov ntaub ntawv npe.
% P
Cov ntaub ntawv lub npe nrog lub npe ntawm cov kab hais kom ua qhov kev sib cav nyob rau hauv uas nws nrhiav tau raug tshem tawm.
% s
Cov ntaub ntawv luaj li cas hauv kev bytes.
% t
Cov ntaub ntawv hloov lub sij hawm dhau los hauv hom uas xa rov qab los ntawm C 'ctime'.
% T k
Cov ntaub ntawv lub sij hawm hloov kho lub sij hawm nyob rau hauv hom uas tau teev los ntawm k , uas yog tib yam li rau% A.
% u
Cov ntaub ntawv tus neeg siv lub npe, los yog tus neeg siv cov cim ID yog tus neeg siv tsis muaj npe.
% U
Cov ntaub ntawv tus lej ID.
Lub cim '%' ua raws li lwm cov cim tau muab pov tseg (tab sis lwm tus neeg yog luam tawm).
-prune
Yog -depth tsis muab, tseeb; tsis txhob sau cov npe tam sim no.
Yog -depth muab, cuav; tsis muaj dab tsi.
-lawm
Muaj tseeb; sau cov ntaub ntawv tam sim no hauv 'ls -dils' hom rau cov zis tso tawm. Qhov kev suav kev suav yog ntawm 1K blocks, tshwj tsis yog lub chaw sib txawv POSIXLY_CORRECT teeb, uas yog siv 512-byte blocks.
Cov neeg tsav tsheb
Teev nyob rau hauv kev txiav txim ntawm qhov nqis ua ntej:
( expr )
Nyuaj zog.
! expr
Yog tias expr yog qhov tseeb.
-Tsis tsis tau
Tib yam li! expr .
expr1 expr2
Thiab (implied); expr2 tsis yog soj ntsuam yog hais tias expr1 tsis yog.
expr1 -a expr2
Tib yam li expr1 expr2 .
expr1 - thiab expr2
Tib yam li expr1 expr2 .
expr1 -o expr2
Los yog; expr2 tsis yog soj ntsuam yog hais tias expr1 yeej muaj tseeb.
expr1 -or expr2
Tib yam li expr1 -o expr2 .
expr1 , expr2
Sau; ob qho tib si expr1 thiab expr2 yeej ib txwm soj ntsuam. Tus nqi ntawm expr1 muab pov tseg; tus nqi ntawm daim ntawv teev npe yog tus nqi ntawm expr2 .
Piv txwv
nrhiav / tsev-laus-joeNrhiav txhua cov ntaub ntawv hauv directory / tsev uas muaj los ntawm tus neeg siv joe.
nrhiav / usr -name * statNrhiav txhua cov ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv directory / usr xaus hauv ".stat".
nrhiav / var / spool -mtime +60Nrhiav txhua cov ntaub ntawv hauv directory / var / spool uas tau kho dua 60 hnub dhau los.
nrhiav / tmp-npe tub ntxhais-hom f -print | xargs / bin / rm -fNrhiav cov ntaub ntawv uas muaj npe hauv los sis hauv qab cov directory / tmp thiab rho tawm lawv. Nco ntsoov tias qhov no yuav ua haujlwm yuam kev yog tias muaj cov filenames uas muaj cov xov xwm tshiab, ib qho los yog ob chav quotes, los yog tej qhov chaw.
nrhiav / tmp-npe ntxhais-hom f -print0 | xargs -0 / bin / rm -fNrhiav cov ntaub ntawv uas muaj npe hauv lub npe los yog hauv qab cov directory / tmp thiab rho tawm, ua cov ntaub ntawv filenames xws li cov ntaub ntawv lossis directory cov npe uas muaj ib los yog ob chav quotes, tej qhov chaw los yog cov xov xwm tshiab yog raug khi. Kev xeem npe-ua haujlwm tau los ua ntej -hom kev xeem kom tsis txhob hu mus rau stat (2) ntawm txhua daim ntawv.
nrhiav tau. -tuam f -exec ntaub ntawv '{}';Khiav 'ua ntaub ntawv' rau txhua cov ntaub ntawv hauv los yog hauv qab cov npe tam sim no. Daim ntawv ceeb toom hais tias cov zuaj hluav taws muaj npe nyob rau hauv ib qho tsocai cim tseg los tiv thaiv lawv los ntawm kev txhais lus raws li plhaub tsab ntawv cim lus. Lub semicolon yog kev tiv thaiv los ntawm kev siv lub backslash, tab sis ';' yuav tau siv nyob rau hauv rooj plaub kuj yog.
(\ / -pej -4000 -fprintf /root/suid.txt '% # m% u% p \ n' \), \ (-size + 100M -fprintf /root / big.txt '% -10s% p \ n '\)Traverse cov filesystem ib zaug xwb, teev cov ntaub ntawv setuid thiab cov kab zauv hauv /root/suid.txt thiab cov ntaub ntawv loj rau /root / big.txt .
nrhiav $ HOME -mtime 0Tshawb nrhiav cov ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv koj phau ntawv qhia tsev uas tau muab kho dua hauv plaub teev nees nkaum plaub teev dhau los. Cov lus txib no ua haujlwm li no vim hais tias lub sijhawm dhau los ntawm txhua qhov ntaub ntawv hloov tshiab yog muab faib ua 24 xuaj moos thiab cov nyiaj seem pov tseg. Nws txhais tau tias kom haum-ua si
0 , cov ntaub ntawv yuav tsum tau muaj kev hloov kho yav dhau los uas tsawg dua 24 teev dhau los.
nrhiav tau. -perm 664Nrhiav cov ntaub ntawv uas tau nyeem thiab sau ntawv tso cai rau lawv tus tswv, thiab pab pawg, tab sis lwm cov neeg siv tau nyeem tab sis tsis sau ntawv rau. Cov ntaub ntawv uas ua tau raws li cov txheej xwm no tab sis muaj lwm cov khoom tso cai (piv txwv tias yog ib tus neeg ua tau ua tiav cov ntaub ntawv) yuav tsis raug.
nrhiav tau. -peem -664Nrhiav cov ntaub ntawv uas tau nyeem thiab sau ntawv tso cai rau lawv tus tswv thiab cov pab pawg, thiab lwm cov neeg siv tau nyeem, tsis hais txog qhov muaj cov khoom tso cai ntxiv (piv txwv li cov me me ua tiav). Qhov no yuav phim cov ntaub ntawv uas muaj hom 0777, piv txwv li.
nrhiav tau. -paum / 222Nrhiav cov ntaub ntawv uas yog sau ntawv los ntawm leejtwg (lawv tus tswv, lossis lawv cov pab pawg, lossis lwm tus neeg).
nrhiav tau. -paum / 220 pom. -Perm / u + w, g + w nrhiav. -perm / u = w, g = wTag nrho peb ntawm cov lus txib ua qhov qub tshaj plaws, tab sis thawj ib tug siv cov duab octal ntawm hom ntaub ntawv, thiab lwm ob siv cov ntawv cim. Cov lus txib tag nrho tshawb rau cov ntaub ntawv uas yog sau los ntawm lawv tus tswv lossis lawv cov pab pawg. Cov ntaub ntawv tsis tas sau ntawv los ntawm ob tus tswv thiab pawg ua ke; tog twg los yuav ua.
nrhiav tau. -perm -220 nrhiav tau. -peem -g + w, u + wOb lo lus txib no ua tib yam nkaus; nrhiav cov ntaub ntawv uas yog sau tau los ntawm lawv tus tswv thiab lawv cov pab pawg.
nrhiav tau. -Perm -444-hlau / 222! -paum / 111 nrhiav. -Perm -a + r-hlau / ib + w! -Perm / ib + xCov kev cai ob no ob qho kev tshawb nrhiav cov ntaub ntawv uas muaj nyeem tau rau txhua leej txhua tus (-perm -444 lossis -perm -a + r), muaj tsawg kawg ntawm kev sau me ntsis (-perm / 222 lossis -perm / a + w) tab sis tsis yog executable rau leej twg (! -perm / 111 thiab! -perm / ib + x)
Tseem ceeb: Siv tus txiv neej hais kom ua ( % tus txiv neej ) seb qhov kev hais kom raug siv hauv koj lub computer.