14.1 Tau txais (Get in / etc / inittab)
Taw qhia rau Getty
Yuav kom muaj ib qho kev tso npe nkag ntawm lub nkoj nres (thiab lub davhlau ya nyob twg txuas rau nws) thaum lub computer pib (los sis cov keyboards khiav khiav) ib cov lus hais tuaj txog yuav tsum tau muab tso rau hauv / etc / inittab. Khiav tawm tau plaub ntawm qhov kab lus hais yuav ua rau muaj teeb meem (saib Yog tias getty khiav los ntawm cov kab hais kom ua: Cov kev pab cuam nres tau pom vim li cas). Getty Get a TTY (lub davhlau ya nyob twg) mus. Txhua lub davhlau ya nyob twg nws yuav tsum tau txais nws tus kheej cov lus hais. Tseem muaj tsawg kawg yog ib tug commandty getty rau cov console nyob rau txhua txhua tus \ / etc \ / inittab. Nrhiav qhov no thiab muab cov lus qhia txog kev tuaj yeem rau cov chaw nyob ntawm nws. Cov ntaub ntawv no tej zaum yuav muaj cov kab xa tuaj txog cov kab ntawv tau txais cov ntawv luam tawm (terminals) uas tawm tswv yim tawm kom txhua yam uas koj yuav tau ua yog kom tsis txhob muaj lawv (tshem tawm qhov #) thiab hloov ob peb nqe lus.
Cov lus sib cav uas tau tso cai nyob ntawm seb qhov twg koj tau siv:
Ob tug tau zoo tshaj plaws rau cov kws txuas ncaj qha txuas nrog:
- agetty (tej zaum yog hu ua getty): Heev yooj yim los teeb. Tsis muaj cov ntaub ntawv config. Saib agetty
- asty (ib feem ntawm getty_ps)
Ob tug tau txais qhov zoo tshaj plaws rau dial-in modems (tsis txhob rau kev sib txuas ncaj qha txuas):
- mgetty: qhov zoo tshaj plaws rau cov modems; ua haujlwm rau terminals dhau tab sis tsis zoo
- uugetty: rau cov modems nkaus xwb; ib feem ntawm lub pob getty_ps
Simpletys yooj yim siv yog tias koj tsis siv cov ntawv nyeem-davhlau ya nyob twg. Feem ntau cov neeg siv Linux siv ib qho ntawm lawv saib:
- mingetty
- fbgetty
- fgetty
- khiav tawm
Koj lub Linux faib tuaj yeem tuaj nrog cov ps_getty lossis agetty rau cov ntawv nyeem. Qee qhov kev faib khoom faib tsis yog. Hmoov tsis zoo, lawv feem ntau yog hu nws "taub hau" yog li koj yuav tsum tau txiav txim seb tus twg koj muaj txij li cov lus koj muab tom qab hauv / etc / inittab txawv. Debian siv agetty (hauv cov ntawv siv linux). RedHat thiab Fedora siv ps_getty uas yog nyob: ps_getty
Raws li lub hnub nyoog kawg los sim txiav txim siab twg uas koj muaj, koj yuav xyuas seb nws cov cai executable (feem ntau hauv / sbin). ps_getty muaj / etc / gettydefs kos rau hauv cov cai no. Los tshawb nrhiav rau nws, mus / sbin thiab hom:
cov hlua taub hau | grep asty
Yog hais tias getty ua tau agetty cov saum no yuav ua rau tsis muaj dab tsi. Txawm li cas los xij yog tias koj muaj agetty typing:
getty -h
yuav tsum pom cov kev xaiv [-hiLmw].
Yog hais tias koj tsis muaj cov plaub caug koj xav saib lwm cov kev faib khoom thiab cov kev pab cuam alien hloov nruab nrab ntawm RPM thiab Debian tej pob khoom. Lub hauv paus code yuav raug downloaded ntawm Getty Software.
Yog tias koj tsis siv cov kab kev tiv thaiv kab (piv txwv li yog tias koj tsuas siv qhov tsawg tshaj plaws ntawm 3 tus neeg sib tw): xa, txais, thiab cov teeb liab hauv av) koj yuav tsum tau qhia kom paub txog qhov no los ntawm kev siv "chij" hauv zos. Lub hom phiaj ntawm qhov no yog nyob ntawm seb nws tau txais qhov twg.
Tshaj tawm tom qab nkag (thiab tuaj yeem ua tau)
Tom qab koj nkag rau hauv koj yuav pom (los ntawm kev siv "saum toj", "ps -ax", los yog "ptree") uas txoj kev ua tiav tuaj tsis tau lawm. Dab tsi tshwm sim rau nws? Vim li cas thiaj li tsis tuaj yeem rov qab tau dua yog tias koj lub plhaub raug tua? Ntawm no yog vim li cas.
Tom qab koj ntaus hauv koj tus neeg siv lub npe, asty yuav siv nws thiab hu tus ID nkag mus kev qhia nws tus neeg siv lub npe. Cov txheej txheem ntawm tus txheej txheem tau hloov los ntawm tus txheej txheem nkag tuaj. Tus ID nkag mus nug txog koj tus password, saib nws thiab pib txhua txoj kev teev nyob rau hauv koj tus password file. Tus txheej txheem no feem ntau yog qhov plhaub tawv nqaij. Yog li ntawd, bash pib thiab hloov cov txheej txheem tus ID nkag mus. Nco ntsoov tias ib txoj kev hloov chaw ntxiv rau lwm qhov thiab cov txheej txheem bash plhaub pib qhov pib ua tus txheej txheem ntawm tus txheej txheem. Qhov cuam tshuam ntawm qhov no yuav piav qhia rau hauv qab no.
Tam sim no nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv / etc / inittab, getty yuav tsum respawn (restart) yog tias tua. Nws hais li ntawd rau ntawm txoj kab uas hu ua plaub. Tab sis yog hais tias bash plhaub (los yog tus txheej txheem nkag mus) raug tua, muaj txog plaub (respirn). Vim li cas? Zoo, ob leeg tus txheej txheem kev nkag teb chaws thiab kev sib tsoo yog qhov hloov khoom siv thiab tau txais
* Cov Ntawv Teev Tseg Cov Ntawv Teev Npe
lub teeb liab sib txuas los ntawm lawv cov neeg ua ntej. Qhov tseeb yog tias koj pom cov ntsiab lus uas koj yuav pom tias txoj kev hloov chaw tshiab yuav muaj tib txoj cai ID ua tus txheej txheem tseem ceeb. Yog li ntawd, bash yog qhov pib ntawm cov tuaj yeem tuaj yeem tsis pom zoo nrog tus txheej txheem tus lej ID. Yog hais tias bash raug tua nws yog ib yam li cov tuaj tua (txawm tias muaj plaub tsis khiav lawm). Qhov no tshwm sim hauv kev tuaj yeem tiv thaiv kabmob.
Thaum twg ib lub cav tawm, tag nrho cov kev ua rau ntawm qhov chaw nres nkoj ces raug tua nrog rau cov plhaub tawv nqaij. Qhov no kuj tuaj yeem tshwm sim (yog tias ua tau) yog tias lub teeb tawm ntawm lub xov tooj raug xa mus rau qhov chaw nres nkoj raug xa tawm ntawm DCD qhov hluav taws xob los ntawm lub modem. Yog tias tus logout los yog poob rau hauv DCD yuav ua rau muaj plaub leeg kev tiv thaiv. Ib tug tej zaum yuav yuam kom muaj plaub caug rau respawn by manually tua bash (los yog tus ID nkag mus) los ntawm ntaus cov k tseem ceeb, thiab lwm yam thaum lub sijhawm "saum toj" los yog nrog "tua". Koj yuav tsum tau tua nws nrog lub teeb liab 9 (uas tsis tuaj yeem lees paub).
Yog tias muaj txog kev khiav tawm ntawm txoj kab: Cov kev pab cuam tau nres
Koj yuav tsum nquag khiav ntawm asphalt hauv / etc / inittab thiab tsis yog los ntawm cov kab hais kom ua los yog lwm qhov chaw qee qhov kev khiav haujlwm hauv lub dav hlau yuav raug xa rov qab (suspended). Qhov no yog vim li cas (hla mus rau ntu txuas ntxiv yog tias qhov no tsis tseem ceeb rau koj). Yog tias koj pib tuaj txog ttyS1 los ntawm kev hais kom ua ntawm lwm lub davhlau ya nyob twg, hais tty1, ces nws yuav muaj tty1 raws li nws "tswj davhlau ya nyob twg" txawm tias lub davhlau ya nyob twg nws sau rau yog ttyS1. Yog li nws muaj qhov tsis ncaj ncees lawm tswj kev davhlau ya nyob twg. Tab sis yog tias nws tau pib hauv cov ntaub ntawv inittab ces nws yuav muaj ttyS1 raws li kev tswj kom dav hlau (tseeb).
Txawm hais tias tus tswj kev dav hlau tsis yog lawm, tus ID nkag mus ntawm ttyS1 ua haujlwm zoo (txij li thaum koj muab ttyS1 ua kev sib cav rau cov tuaj plaub). Tus txheej txheem tawm tswv yim thiab cov zis yog teem rau ttyS1 txawm hais tias kev tswj lub davhlau ya nyob twj ywm tty11. Lwm cov kev pab cuam khiav ntawm ttyS1 yuav tau txais cov txheej txheem tawm tswv yim / qhov tso tawm (uas yog txuas nrog ttyS1) thiab txhua yam yog OK. Tab sis qee qhov kev zov me nyuam yuav ua rau qhov yuam kev ntawm kev nyeem ntawv los ntawm lawv qhov kev tswj kav (tty1) uas tsis yog lawm. Tam sim no tty1 yuav xav tias cov kev pab cuam no tab tom khiav hauv keeb kwm los ntawm tty1 thiaj li sim los nyeem tty1 (nws yuav tsum tau ttyS1) tau los ntawm kev siv ceev xwm txheej uas sim nyeem ntawv. (Cov txheej txheem keeb kwm yav dhau los tsis pub nyeem ntawv los ntawm kev tswj hwm lub dav hlau.). Koj tuaj yeem pom cov lus zoo li: " [1] + Nres " ntawm qhov kev tshuaj ntsuam. Txij ntawm no tus taw tes koj nyam txij thaum koj tsis tuaj yeem koom nrog cov txheej txheem uas yog sim sib txuas lus nrog koj ntawm qhov tsis ncaj ncees lawm qhov chaw nres tsheb. Ntawm cov hoob kawm kom dim ntawm qhov no koj tuaj yeem mus rau lwm lub davhlau ya nyob twg thiab tua cov txheej txheem, thiab lwm yam.
agetty (tej zaum yuav hu ua getty)
Ib qho piv txwv kab hauv / etc / inittab:
S1: 23: respawn: / sbin / getty-L 19200 ttyS1 vt102S1 yog los ntawm ttyS1. 23 txhais tau hais tias cov tuaj lig yog thaum nkag mus rau qib 2 lossis 3. qhov kev tso cai txhais tau hais tias yog tias muaj plaub (lossis txheej txheem uas hloov nws xws li kev sib tw) raug tua, cov tuaj lig yuav tau pib (respawn) dua. / sbin / getty yog lub commandty getty. Tus -L txhais tau hais tias yog Local (ignore modem control signals). -h (tsis pom nyob rau hauv qhov ua piv txwv) ua rau lub cuab yeej ntu tswj kev tswj (tib yam li stty crtscts). 19200 yog qhov kev ntaus nqi. ttyS1 txhais tau tias / dev / ttyS1 (COM2 hauv MS-DOS). vt102 yog hom davhlau ya nyob twg thiab cov tuaj plaub no yuav ua rau lub sijhawm hloov TERM rau qhov nqi no. Yog tsis muaj cov ntaub ntawv kho kom raug. Ntaus "init q" rau ntawm kab lus hais tom qab editing editing thiab koj yuav tsum pom tus ID nkag mus sai.
Agetty & # 39; s auto-detection parity teeb meem
Lub agetty program yuav sim pib-ntes cov parity txheej hauv lub davhlau ya nyob twg (xws li tsis muaj parity). Nws tsis txhawb 8-ntsis cov ntaub ntawv bytes ntxiv rau 1-ntsis parity. Saib 8-ntsis cov ntaub ntawv bytes (ntxiv rau parity). Yog tias koj siv stty teeb tsa parity, agetty yuav cia li tsis tau txais nws txij li thaum nws pib xav tau qhov parity ntsis tuaj thru yog tias nws yog cov ntaub ntawv me ntsis. Qhov no yog vim nws xav tau lub xeem me ntsis (tejzaum nws muaj parity ntsis) thaum koj ntaus koj tus ID nkag mus-lub npe kom nws tuaj yeem nrhiav tau tus parity. Li no yog tias koj siv parity, pab kom nws tsuas yog hauv cov ntawv nyeem-davhlau ya nyob twg thiab cia agetty pib-nws thiab tso rau hauv lub computer. Yog tias koj qhov kev txhawb nqa davhlau ya nyob twg, tus neeg teb xov tooj qhib yuav pom cov khib nyiab kom txog thaum koj ntaus ib yam dab tsi kom cov tuaj plaub tau pom
sib npaug. Lub khib nyiab yuav tshem tawm cov neeg tuaj xyuas, thiab lwm yam. Qhov ntawd yuav yog yam koj xav tau xwb.
Muaj qee zaum muaj teeb meem nrog pib nrhiav pom sib npaug. Qhov no tshwm sim vim hais tias tom qab koj thawj hom koj tus ID nkag mus lub npe, agetty pib qhov kev tso npe ntawm kev pab cuam kom tiav logging koj. Hmoov tsis, tus ID nkag mus program tsis tuaj yeem ntes parity ces yog tias qhov kev pab cuam tau txais kev pabcuam tsis tau txiav txim rau kev sibtxig ces tus nkag ntawd yuav tsis muaj cuab kav txiav txim nws yog. Yog thawj zaug nkag tsis tau, tus ID nkag mus yuav cia koj sim dua, thiab lwm yam. (Tag nrho nrog cov parity teev tsis ncaj ncees lawm). Nws thiaj li, tom qab ib tug xov tooj ntawm cov tsis tau npaj siab nkag mus nkag (los yog tom qab lub sijhawm) agetty yuav rov pib dua thiab pib tus ID nkag mus sequences tag nrho dua. Thaum ib qho kev tuaj yeem khiav tau dua, nws tuaj yeem ntes tau tus parity ntawm qhov ua zaum ob ces txhua yam yuav pib ua haujlwm.
Nrog kev sib ceg tsis yog, tus ID nkag mus tsis tuaj yeem nyeem koj hom thiab koj tuaj yeem nkag tsis tau. Yog tias koj qhov kev txhawb nqa davhlau ya nyob twg, koj yuav pom qhov khib nyiab. Yog hais tias getty tsis ntes parity ib / etc / qhov teeb meem no feem ntau dumped rau qhov screen ua ntej ua ntej qhov sai, ces ntau garbled lus yuav tshwm sim ntawm qhov screen.
Vim li cas thiaj li tsis tuaj yeem tsis pom muaj kev cuam tshuam los ntawm thawj tsab ntawv uas tau sau tseg? Ntawm no yog ib qho piv txwv: Piv txwv nws pom tias muaj 8-ntsis byte nrog nws parity bit 0 (high-order bit) thiab nrog ib tug khib naj npawb ntawm 1-tshooj. Dab tsi yog qhov sib haum? Zoo, khib naj npawb ntawm 1 khoom pom tias nws yog khib sib luag. Tab sis nws kuj tseem yog ib qho 8-ntsis cim uas tsis muaj kev sib haum xeeb. Yog tsis muaj txoj kev kom deb li deb los txiav txim siab twg. Tab sis kom deb li deb peb tau tshem tawm tau ntawm txawm parity. Qhov kev paub ntawm parity li no tau txais los ntawm tus txheej txheem kev tshem tawm.
Yog hais tias tus tom ntej byte ntaus zoo li tus thawj ib thiab kuj tsuas tshem tawm tau qhov tseem ceeb parity, nws tseem tsis tau txiav txim siab parity. Qhov teeb meem no muaj peev xwm mus txuas ntxiv indefinitely thiab tsis tshua muaj neeg nkag teb chaws yuav ploj mus txog thaum koj hloov koj tus ID nkag mus-lub npe. Yog hais tias agetty pom ib parity ntsis ntawm 1 nws yuav xav tias qhov no yog ib qho parity ntsis thiab tsis muaj high-yuam ntsis ntawm tus 8-ntsis cim. Nws ua li no assumes tias koj tsis siv meta-cim (siab me ntsis) hauv koj lub npe neeg siv (xws li tias koj lub npe nyob hauv ASCII).
Ib tus neeg yuav nkag tau rau hauv "voj vev xaib" hauv ntau txoj kev. Xav tias koj tsuas sau ib tsab ntawv los yog ob qho rau koj lub npe nkag teb chaws thiab ntaus rov qab. Yog tias cov ntawv no tsis txaus rau kev pom kev sib raug zoo, ces tus ID nkag mus pib ua ntej parity tau raug kuaj xyuas. Qee zaum qhov teeb meem no tshwm sim yog tias koj tsis muaj lub davhlau ya nyob twg thiab / los yog kev sib txuas lus thaum twg agetty thawj zaug pib.
Yog hais tias koj tau tua nyob rau hauv no "login voj" ib txoj kev tawm ntawm nws yog ntaus ntaus tus yuam sij tuaj ob peb zaug kom txog rau thaum koj tau txais cov tuaj nkag tus tuaj nkag. Lwm txoj kev yog cia li tos ib pliag los yog rau ib qho sij hawm. Tom qab ntawd tus tuaj nkag login tuaj yuav muab tso rau ntawm qhov kev tshuaj ntsuam los ntawm qhov kev pab cuam tau txais plaub thiab koj tuaj yeem sim rov qab nkag.
8-ntsis cov ntaub ntawv bytes (ntxiv rau parity)
Hmoov tsis, agetty tsis tuaj yeem ntes cov sib foob no. Raws li xyoo 1999 nws tsis muaj kev xaiv rau kev xiam oob qhab pib ntawm kev sib cai thiab yog li yuav pom qhov tsis sib npaug. Qhov tshwm sim yog tias tus txheej txheem nkag tuaj yeem yuav raug khib nyiab thiab sib npaug yuav raug teem tsis ncaj ncees. Li no nws tsis zoo li ua tau sim siv 8-ntsis cov ntaub ntawv bytes nrog parity.
asty (ib feem ntawm getty_ps)
(Feem ntau ntawm qhov no yog los ntawm cov laus Serial-HOWTO los ntawm Greg Hankins)
Rau qhov no onety yuav tsum tau nkag mus rau ob qho tib si nkag rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv txhim kho thiab ntxiv ib qho nkag rau hauv / etc / inittab . Nov yog qee qhov kev piv txwv uas siv rau koj lub davhlau ya nyob twg uas koj muab tso rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv configuration / etc / gettydefs .
Nco ntsoov tias DT38400, DT19200, thiab lwm yam. Yog cov ntawv sau cia thiab yuav tsum yog tib yam uas koj siv hauv / etc / inittab .
Yog tias koj xav tau, koj tuaj yeem ua kom tiav cov ntsiab lus ntawm tus cuv npe hauv tus ID nkag mus. Hauv kuv qhov piv txwv, kuv muaj lub npe lub npe thiab kab hauv kab ntawv luam tawm. Koj ntxiv tau lwm yam: [blockquote
ntxoov = yog] @B qhov tam sim no (ntsuam xyuas thaum lub sij hawm @B pom) bps tus nqi. @D Hnub tim hnub no, nyob hauv MM / DD / YY. @L txoj kab ntawm cov kab uas tuaj koom nrog. Lub npe system. @T Lub sijhawm tam sim no, hauv HH: MM: SS (24-teev). @U Cov naj npawb ntawm cov neeg siv kos npe tam sim no. Qhov no yog qhov suav ntawm cov npe nkag hauv cov ntaub ntawv / etc / utmp uas muaj qhov tsis suav cov lus teb ut_name. @V Tus nqi ntawm VERSION, raws li tau muab hauv cov ntaub ntawv sai. Mus tso saib ib tug '@' cim, siv lub '@ @' lossis '@@'.Thaum koj ua tiav editing / lwm yam / gettydefs , koj tuaj yeem tshawb xyuas tias cov syntax yog tseeb los ntawm kev ua:
linux # getty -c / etc / gettydefsNco ntsoov tias tsis muaj lwm tus getty lossis uugetty config cov ntaub ntawv rau qhov chaw nres nkoj uas txuas rau koj qhov davhlau ya nyob twg uas txuas nrog xws li ( /etc/default/{uu}getty.ttyS N los yog /etc/conf.{uu}getty.ttyS N ) , raws li qhov no yuav cuam tshuam nrog kev ua si los ntawm kev khiav haujlwm hauv lub davhlau ya nyob twg. Tshem tawm cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb yog tias lawv tawm.
Kho kom raug koj / etc / inittab cov ntaub ntawv los mus khiav ntawm qhov chaw nres nkoj (hloov chaw nyob rau hauv cov lus qhia tseeb rau koj cheeb tsam - chaw nres nkoj, kev ceev, thiab yam khoom nruab ntug):
S1: 23: respawn: / sbin / getty ttyS1 DT9600 vt100 init linux # init qTxij ntawm no mus, koj yuav tsum pom ib tus ID nkag mus ntawm koj lub davhlau ya nyob twg. Tej zaum koj yuav tsum ntaus rov qab kom tau lub davhlau ya nyob twg.
mgetty
Tus "m" yog tus sawv cev rau lub modem. Qhov kev pab cuam no feem ntau yog rau cov modems thiab li ntawm mid 2000 nws yuav tsum tau rov ua kom siv nws rau cov ntawv nyeem-terminals (tshwj tsis yog tias koj siv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tswj - thiab feem ntau yuav tsum tau ua ib lub tshuab xuas tes ua). Rau cov ntaub ntawv rau cov kws txuas ncaj qha txuas mus xyuas "Tshooj" hauv phau ntawv: mgetty.texi.
Saib ntawm cov kab kawg ntawm /etc/mgetty/mgetty.config rau ib qho piv txwv ntawm kev kho kom haum rau lub davhlau ya nyob twg. Tsuas yog koj hais "toggle-dtr no" nws yuav xav tias koj muaj ib lub modem thiab poob (negate) tus DTR tus pin ntawm lub PC hauv qhov kev sim siab los kho qhov tsis muaj modem tsis yog. Hauv kev sib piv rau lwm tus neeg tau txais, mgetty yuav tsis xa nws tus kheej mus rau lub davhlau ya nyob twg kom txog thaum ib tug neeg hits tej qhov tseem ceeb ntawm qhov davhlau ya nyob twg ces koj yuav pom tus? rau lub davhlau ya nyob twg sab saum toj lossis PS txog qhov no. Cov log hauv / var / log / mgetty / tej zaum yuav qhia tau ob peb lus ceeb toom uas tsuas yog siv rau cov qauv uas koj yuav tsis pom zoo.
Ntawm no yog ib qho piv txwv ntawm cov kab uas koj muab tso rau hauv / etc / inittab:
s1: 23: respawn: / sbin / mgetty - r ttyS1