Txiav txim siab siv thiab muaj chaw seem
Ib qho yooj yim kom tau txais cov ntsiab lus ntawm qhov chaw thiab siv disk qhov chaw ntawm koj qhov system Linux yog sau hauv df cov lus txib hauv lub davhlau ya nyob twg. Qhov kev txiav txim df sawv cev rau " d sibthes ilesystem". Nrog rau -h xaiv (df -h) nws qhia qhov chaw seem disk nyob rau hauv "daim ntawv nyeem tib neeg", uas nyob rau hauv qhov no txhais tau tias, nws muab koj cov units nrog rau cov zauv.
Qhov tso zis ntawm df hais kom ua yog ib lub rooj nrog txhua kab plaub. Thawj kab ntawv muaj cov kab ke cov kab ke, uas yog ib qho siv rau ib qho nyuaj los yog lwm lub tshuab cia, los yog cov ntaub ntawv system txuas nrog lub network. Kem ob qhia tias lub peev xwm ntawm cov ntaub ntawv kaw lus ntawd. Tshooj thib peb qhia tau hais tias qhov chaw seem, thiab sab ntawv kawg qhia txog txoj kab uas cov ntaub ntawv tso tawm. Lub taw tes taw qhia yog qhov chaw hauv cov ntoo qhov chaw uas koj tuaj yeem nrhiav thiab nkag tau rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv kaw lus.
Du command, ntawm qhov tod tes, qhia qhov chaw disk siv los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv thiab kab lus hauv cov npe tam sim no. Dua -h xaiv (df -h) ua qhov zis yooj yim to taub.
Yog vim li cas, tus du hais kom txhua tus subdirectories los qhia ntau npaum li cas disk chaw txhua qhov. Qhov no yuav zam tau nrog -s kev xaiv (df -h -s). Qhov no tsuas yog qhia ib qho ntsiab lus. Namely lub neej coj disk siv los ntawm txhua tus subdirectories. Yog hais tias koj xav pom disk siv ntawm ib directory (ceev) uas tsis yog cov directory tam sim no, koj tsuas yog sau tias lub npe ntawd yog qhov kawg ntawm kev sib cav. Piv txwv li: du-h -s dluab , qhov twg "dluab" yuav yog ib qho ntawm cov npe tam sim no.
Xav paub ntau ntxiv txog qhov df Command
Yog vim li cas, koj tsuas yog xav pom cov ntaub ntawv siv tau yooj yim uas yog lub neej thaum uas siv cov lus hais kom ua df.
Koj tuaj yeem, txawm li ntawd los, rov qab muab cov kev pabcuam rau txhua cov ntaub ntawv xws li pseudo, duplicate thiab cov ntaub ntawv tsis muaj siv los ntawm kev siv cov cai hauv qab no:
df -a
df -all
Cov lus txib saum toj no yuav tsis zoo li cov neeg feem coob, tiam sis tom ntej no yuav. Yog vim, qhov chaw siv thiab muaj chaw seem muaj teev nyob rau hauv bytes.
Koj tuaj yeem ua tau, siv cov lus txib nram qab no:
df -h
Qhov no qhia txog qhov kev tso zis rau hauv ntau hom ntawv nyeem xws li kev loj 546G, muaj 496G. Whilst qhov no yog qhov chaw ntawm kev ntsuas ntau rau txhua tus filesystem.
Txhaws rau cov koog nyob thoob plaws txhua cov ntaub ntawv kaw lus koj siv tau yooj yim siv cov lus hauv qab no:
df -BM
df -clock-size = M
Cov M sawv ntawm megabytes. Koj tuaj yeem siv tau cov ntawv hauv qab no:
- K = Kilobytes
- M = Megabytes
- G = Gigabytes
- T = Terabytes
- P = Petabytes
- E = Exabyte
- Z = Zettabyte
- Y = Yottabyte
Ib kilobyte yog 1024 bytes thiab ib tug megabyte yog 1024 kilobytes. Koj tuaj yeem xav tias vim li cas peb siv 1024 thiab tsis yog 1000. Txhua yam yog ua nrog rau cov khoom siv hauv binary ntawm lub computer. Koj pib thaum 2 thiab tom qab 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, 128, 256, 512 thiab tom qab ntawd 1024.
Cov human beings, txawm li cas los, yuav suav hauv decimal thiab yog li peb siv los xav txog 1, 10, 100, 1000. Koj siv tau cov lus txib nram qab no los tso saib qhov muaj nuj nqis nyob rau ntawm ib hom ntawv zauv uas tsis yog rau hom binary. (piv txwv li nws luam qhov tseem ceeb hauv powers ntawm 1000 siv 1024).
df -H
df --si
Koj yuav pom tias cov zauv xws li 2.9G ua 3.1G.
Khiav tawm ntawm qhov chaw disk tsis yog tib qho teeb meem koj yuav ntsib thaum khiav Linux. Lub tshuab Linux tseem siv lub tswv yim ntawm inodes. Txhua cov ntaub ntawv koj tsim yog muab ib qho inode. Koj tuaj yeem, tiam sis, tsim kev sib txuas ntawm cov ntaub ntawv uas tseem siv tau cov kev xav.
Muaj ib qho txwv ntawm cov naj npawb ntawm cov ntaub ntawv siv tau.
Txhawm rau saib seb koj cov ntaub ntawv muaj nyob ze los ntaus lawv cov kev txwv khiav cov lus hauv qab no:
df -i
df - tus lej
Koj tuaj yeem hloov qhov tso tawm ntawm df hais kom ua raws li nram no:
df - tawm lus = FIELD_LIST
Cov kev xaiv muaj rau FIELD_LIST muaj raws li nram no:
- qhov chaw
- fstype
- itotal
- iused
- iavail
- ipcent
- qhov loj
- siv
- avail
- pcent
- cov ntaub ntawv
- lub hom phiaj
Koj tuaj yeem ua ke ib qho lossis tag nrho cov teb. Piv txwv li:
df - tawm lus = qhov chaw, loj, siv
Koj tuaj yeem xav pom tag nrho rau qhov tseem ceeb ntawm qhov kev ntsuam xyuas xws li tag nrho cov chaw muaj nyob thoob hauv tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv.
Ua li no siv cov lus txib nram qab no:
df - khawm
Yog vim, lub df daim ntawv tsis qhia hom ntaub ntawv kaw lus. Koj tuaj yeem tso tau cov ntaub ntawv kaw lus los ntawm kev siv cov lus hauv qab no:
df -T
df - ntawv pov thawj
Cov ntaub ntawv kaw lus yuav yog ib yam dab tsi zoo li ext4, vfat, tmpfs
Yog tias koj tsuas xav pom cov ntaub ntawv rau qee hom koj siv tau cov lus hauv qab no:
df -t ext4
dt - hom = ext4
Xwb, koj tuaj yeem siv cov lus txib hauv qab no cais tawm cov ntaub ntawv.
df -x ext4
df - qaws-hom = ext4
Xav paub ntxiv txog qhov kev hais kom ua
Lo lus txib du li koj twb tau teev cov ncauj lus qhia txog cov ntaub ntawv qhov chaw pab rau txhua phau ntawv.
Los ntawm lub neej tom qab txhua qhov khoom sau tseg rau daim ntawv xa rov qab los qhia tias txhua yam khoom tshiab ntawm ib kab tshiab. Koj tuaj yeem tawm qhov khoom xa rov qab los ntawm kev siv cov lus hauv qab no:
du -0
du - nraws
Qhov no tsis yog tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tias koj xav pom tag nrho cov kev pab sai.
Ib qho kev hais tau ntau dua yog qhov peev xwm los sau qhov chaw uas tau txais los ntawm tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv thiab tsis yog qhov qhia txog.
Ua li no siv cov lus hauv qab no:
du-a
du --all
Koj yuav ntshe yuav xav tawm cov ntaub ntawv no rau cov ntaub ntawv uas siv cov lus qhia nram qab no:
du -a> filename
Xws li nrog df hais kom ua, koj tuaj yeem qhia meej txog txoj kev tso zis. Yog vim, nws yog nyob rau hauv bytes tab sis koj xaiv tau kilobytes, megabytes thiab lwm yam raws li nram qab no cov lus txib:
du -BM
du -clock-size = M
Koj tuaj yeem mus rau tib neeg nyeem tau xws li 2.5G siv cov lus hauv qab no:
du-h
du -human-readable
Kom tau tag nrho kawg ntawm kev siv cov lus hauv qab no:
du -c
du --total