Taw qhia
Lo lus Linux grep siv los ua ib txoj kev rau kev lim kev tawm tswv yim.
GREP yog sawv cev rau Thoob Ntiaj Teb Regular Ntawv Xaus Tawm thiab yog li ntawd thiaj li yuav siv nws zoo, koj yuav tsum muaj qee cov kev paub txog cov kab lus qhia tawm.
Hauv tsab xov xwm no, kuv yuav qhia koj ntau tus qauv uas yuav pab kom koj to taub cov lus txib grep.
01 ntawm 09
Yuav Ua Li Cas Nrhiav Ib Txoj Hlua Hauv Ib Daim Ntawv Thov Siv GREP
Xav txog tej yam koj muaj ib phau ntawv teev cov phau ntawv nrog rau cov npe hauv qab no:
- Robin Hood
- Me ntsis liab caij Hood
- Peter Pan
- Goldilocks Thiab Peb Tsav
- Daus Dawb Thiab Lub Xya Dwarfs
- Pinnochio
- Tus Miv Hauv Lub Taw
- Tus Me Me Npua
- Lub Gruffalo
- Charlie Thiab Lub Chocolate Hoobkas
Yuav nrhiav tau tag nrho cov phau ntawv nrog lo lus "Tus" hauv lub npe koj yuav siv cov lus hauv qab no:
grep Cov phau ntawv
Cov ntsiab lus nram qab no yuav raug xa rov qab:
- Goldilocks Thiab Peb Tsav
- Daus Dawb Thiab Lub Xya Dwarfs
- Tus Miv Hauv Lub Taw
- Tus Me Me Npua
- Lub Gruffalo
- Charlie Thiab Lub Chocolate Hoobkas
Hauv txhua kis, lo lus "Tus" yuav muaj txiaj ntsig.
Nco ntsoov tias kev tshawb nrhiav yog cov ntaub ntawv rhiab yog tias ib lub npe muaj "lub" hloov ntawm "Tus" ces nws yuav tsis tau rov qab.
Yog koj tsis quav ntsej txog cov ntaub ntawv koj tuaj yeem ntxiv cov nram qab no:
grep cov ntawv - cov ntaub ntawv-rooj plaub
Koj tseem tuaj yeem siv qhov kev hloov qhov hloov-raws li hauv qab no:
grep -i phau ntawv
02 ntawm 09
Tshawb Nrhiav Ib Txoj Hlua Hauv Ib Daim Ntawv Thov Siv Cov Nyab Xeeb
Qhov kev hais kom ua grep yog qhov tseem ceeb heev. Koj tuaj yeem siv ntau ntau hom qauv kev sib piv los ua kom tau cov txiaj ntsig.
Hauv qhov ua piv txwv no, kuv yuav qhia koj yuav ua li cas thiaj nrhiav tau ib txoj hlua hauv cov ntaub ntawv uas siv cov tsiaj qus .
Xav tias koj muaj ib daim ntawv hu ua qhov chaw uas muaj cov npe hauv Scottish nram qab no:
aberdeen
aberystysty
aberlour
inverurie
inverness
newburgh
mos lwj
tshiab galloway
glasgow
edinburgh
Yog tias koj xav nrhiav txhua qhov chaw nrog nyob rau hauv lub npe siv cov nram qab no syntax:
grep inver * chaw
Tus asterisk (*) tus tsiaj qus sawv cev rau 0 lossis ntau. Yog li ntawd yog tias koj muaj ib qho chaw hu ua chaw nyob los yog qhov chaw hu ua inverness ces neb ob leeg yuav rov qab los.
Lwm daim npav koj siv tau yog lub sijhawm (.). Koj tuaj yeem siv qhov no kom phim ib tsab ntawv.
grep inver.r chaw
Cov lus hais saum toj no yuav nrhiav tau qhov chaw hu ua inverurie thiab inverary tiamsis tsis xav nrhiav cov tswv cuab vim tias tsuas muaj ib qho tsiaj qus ntawm ob r qhov uas yog muab los ntawm ib zaug xwb.
Lub caij nyoog wildcard tseem ceeb tiam sis nws tuaj yeem tsim teeb meem yog tias koj muaj ib feem ntawm cov ntawv koj tab tom tshawb nrhiav.
Piv txwv li saib cov npe ntawm cov npe no
- linux.about.com
- pcsupport.about.com
- mp3.about.com
- minecraft.about.com
- androidgames.about.com
- netforbeginners.about.com
- txhua txhua hnub
- google.co.uk
- google.au
- direct.gov.uk
Yuav nrhiav tau tag nrho cov kev sib tham txog koj li kev cia siab txog qhov koj tau siv cov lus hauv qab no:
grep * hais txog * domainnames
Cov lus hais saum toj no yuav tsum poob yog tias cov npe muaj cov npe hauv qab no:
- txhuadaydayuxuser.com/about.html
Koj ua tau, yog li ntawd, sim cov nram qab no syntax:
grep * about.com domainnames
Lus hauv no teb Qhov no yuav ua hauj lwm tau tab sis yog muaj tus sau nrog lub npe li nram qab no:
aboutycom.com
Mus nrhiav tiag tiag rau lub sij hawm ntawm koj xav tau kev khiav dim cov ntawv teev tseg hauv qab no:
grep * txog \ .com domainnames
Daim ntawv qhia txog kawg ntawm daim npav los qhia rau koj yog cov lus nug uas cim rau xoom lossis ib tus neeg ua cim.
Piv txwv li:
qhov chaw placemames
Cov lus txib saum toj no yuav rov tuaj dua, aberystwyth los sis txawm tias yog berwick.
03 ntawm 09
Tshawb Nrhiav Cov Hluav Taws Thaum Pib thiab Kawg Ntawm Kev Siv grep
Lub carat (^) thiab lub cim ($) cim cia koj mus nrhiav cov qauv thaum pib thiab kawg ntawm kab.
Xav tias koj muaj ib daim ntawv hu ua football nrog rau cov npe nram qab no:
- Blackpool
- Liverpool
- Manchester City
- Leicester City
- Manchester United
- Newcastle United
- FC United ntawm Manchester
Yog tias koj xav nrhiav tag nrho cov pab pawg uas pib nrog Manchester koj yuav siv cov lus hauv qab no:
grep ^ Manchester pawg
Cov lus hais saum toj no yuav rov qab Manchester City thiab Manchester United tiamsis tsis yog FC United United Manchester.
Xwb koj yuav nrhiav tau tag nrho cov pab pawg xaus nrog United siv cov lus hauv qab no:
grep United pab pawg
Cov lus hais saum toj no yuav rov qab Manchester United thiab Newcastle United tiamsis tsis yog FC United Manchester.
04 ntawm 09
Suav Cov Ntaus Cov Ntaus Siv grep
Yog tias koj tsis xav rov qab rau cov kab uas sib txuam nrog cov qauv siv grep tab sis koj tsuas xav paub seb muaj pes tsawg koj muaj peev xwm siv tau cov lus hauv qab no:
grep -c qauv inputfile
Yog hais tias tus qauv tau muab sib piv ob zaug ces tus naj npawb 2 yuav xa rov qab.
05 ntawm 09
Nrhiav Tag Nrho Cov Lus Uas Tsis Txhob Siv grep
Xav tias koj muaj ib daim ntawv teev cov npe npe nrog lub teb chaws teev npe raws li nram no:
- aberdeen scotland
- glasgow scotland
- liverpool lus Askiv
- colwyn bay
- london lus Askiv
Koj yuav tau pom tias colwyn bay tsis muaj lub teb chaws nrog nws.
Los tshawb nrhiav txhua qhov chaw nrog lub teb chaws koj siv tau cov lus hauv qab no:
grep av $ chaw
Cov txiaj ntsim rov qab yuav yog txhua qhov chaw tshwj tsis yog rau colwyn bay.
Qhov no tsuas yog ua haujlwm rau cov chaw uas xaus rau hauv thaj av (tsis yog scientific).
Koj muaj peev xwm invert qhov xaiv uas siv cov lus hauv qab no:
grep -v thaj av $ chaw
Qhov no yuav nrhiav tau tag nrho cov chaw uas tsis xaus nrog thaj av.
06 ntawm 09
Yuav Nrhiav Cov Ncig Kab Hauv Cov Ntaub Ntawv Siv grep
Xav txog tias koj muaj cov ntaub ntawv tawm tswv yim uas yog siv los ntawm tus neeg thib peb daim ntawv thov uas nres nyeem cov ntawv thaum nws pom ib kab tas li nram qab no:
- aberdeen scotland
- inverness scotland
- liverpool lus Askiv
- colwyn bay wales
Thaum daim ntawv thov mus rau kab tom qab lub tsev qaib nws yuav tsis nyeem cov ntsiab lus colwyn Bay yog tsis tau tag nrho.
Koj tuaj yeem siv grep mus nrhiav kab dawb paug nrog cov nram qab no syntax:
grep ^ $ qhov chaw
Hmoov tsis qhov no tsis yog pab tau tshwj xeeb vim nws tsuas rov tau cov seem dawb.
Koj tuaj yeem tau txais ib qho suav ntawm cov lej ntawm cov kab uas tsis muaj vev xaib raws li daim tshev rau saib yog tias cov ntaub ntawv siv tau raws li nram no:
grep-c ^ $ chaw
Nws yuav txawm li cas los pab kom paub cov kab zauv uas muaj kab dawb paug thiaj li hloov tau lawv. Koj tuaj yeem ua li ntawd nrog rau cov lus txib nram qab no:
grep -n ^ $ chaw
07 ntawm 09
Yuav Ua Li Cas Nrhiav Cov Hluav Taws Ntawm Cov Lus Cim Qis Qis los Siv Cov Cim Nias Siv Los Siv grep
Siv grep koj tuaj yeem txiav txim seb cov kab twg hauv cov ntaub ntawv muaj cov cim loj siv cov lus hauv qab no:
grep '[AZ]' filename
Cov xwm txheej square [] qhia koj txiav txim seb qhov cim ntawm cov cim. Nyob rau hauv qhov piv txwv saum toj no nws zoo li cov cim uas yog ntawm A thiab Z.
Vim li no kom phim cov cim rau koj siv tau cov lus hauv qab no:
grep '[az]' filename
Yog tias koj xav kom haum cov tsiaj ntawv nkaus xwb thiab tsis muaj cov naj npawb los sis lwm cov cim koj siv tau cov lus hauv qab no:
grep '[a-zA-Z]' filename
Koj tuaj yeem ua tib yam nrog cov zauv raws li hauv qab no:
grep '[0-9]' filename
08 ntawm 09
Nrhiav Kab Rov Qab Siv grep
Koj tuaj yeem siv cov hlua khauj {} los nrhiav kev rov ua dua.
Xav txog koj muaj koj cov ntaub ntawv nrog cov xov tooj raws li hauv qab no:
- 055-1234
- 055-4567
- 555-1545
- 444-0167
- 444-0854
- 4549-2234
- x44-1234
Koj paub thawj feem ntawm tus lej yuav tsum muaj peb tug lej thiab koj xav nrhiav cov kab uas tsis ua raws li cov qauv no.
Los ntawm yav dhau los piv txwv koj paub tias [0-9] rov qab cov zauv rau hauv ib daim ntawv.
Hauv qhov ua piv txwv no peb xav kom cov kab pib nrog peb tus lej tom qab ntawm lub thawv (-). Koj tuaj yeem ua li ntawd nrog cov nram qab no syntax:
grep "^ [0-9] [0-9] [0-9] -" zauv
Raws li peb paub los ntawm cov piv txwv yav dhau los lub carat (^) txhais tau tias cov kab yuav tsum pib nrog cov qauv hauv qab no.
Tus [0-9] yuav tshawb rau cov naj npawb ntawm 0 thiab 9. Raws li qhov no tau muab peb zaug nws ntais 3 tus lej. Thaum kawg no nws muaj ib qho khij tawm kom pom tau hais tias lub hleev yuav tsum ua tiav peb lub xov tooj.
Los ntawm kev siv cov brackets curly koj tuaj yeem ua rau tshawb nrhiav me raws li hauv qab no:
grep "^ [0-9] \ {3 \} - \" zauv
Lub luaj escapes lub {bracket kom nws ua hauj lwm raws li ib feem ntawm cov kev qhia li niaj zaus tiam sis hauv qhov essence no yog hais tias [0-9] {3} uas txhais tau hais tias muaj cov naj npawb ntawm 0 thiab 9 peb zaug.
Lub tsho khuam kuj tuaj yeem siv tau raws li nram no:
{5,10}
{5,}
Qhov {5,10} txhais tau hais tias tus cwj pwm nrhiav yuav tsum tau rov qab tsawg kawg yog 5 zaug, tiam sis tsis tshaj 10 dua li ntawm {5,} txhais tau hais tias tus cwj pwm yuav tsum rov qab ua tsawg dua 5 zaug, tiam sis nws yuav ua tau ntau tshaj qhov ntawd.
09 ntawm 09
Siv Cov Lus Qhia Los Ntawm Lwm Yam Kev Siv Siv grep
Li no peb tau saib cov qauv txuam hauv cov neeg cov ntaub ntawv tiam sis grep siv tau qhov tso zis los ntawm lwm cov lus txib raws li cov lus qhia rau kev sib txawv.
Ib qho piv txwv zoo ntawm qhov no yog siv cov lus hais kom ua ps uas teev cov txheej txheem nquag.
Piv txwv li khiav cov lus txib nram qab no:
ps -ef
Tag nrho cov txheej txheem khiav hauv koj lub cev yuav raug muab tso tawm.
Koj tuaj yeem siv grep los tshawb nrhiav ib txheej txheem khiav raws li hauv qab no:
ps -ef | grep firefox