Yuav ua li cas los sib piv ob phau ntawv siv Linux

by Gary Newell

Phau ntawv qhia no yuav qhia koj seb yuav siv Linux los sib piv ob cov ntaub ntawv thiab tso tawm qhov sib txawv rau qhov kev tshuaj ntsuam los yog cov ntaub ntawv.

Koj tsis tas yuav nruab ib qho software tshwj xeeb los muab sib piv cov ntaub ntawv siv Linux, tiam sis koj yuav tsum paub yuav qhib qhov chaw dav hlau li cas .

Raws li cov lus qhia txuas qhia tau hais tias muaj ntau txoj hau kev qhib lub davhlau ya nyob twg uas siv Linux. Qhov yooj yim yog nias rau CTRL, ALT thiab T tuav tib lub sij hawm.

Tsim cov ntaub ntawv los sib piv

Yuav kom ua raws li nrog rau phau ntawv qhia no ua cov ntaub ntawv hu ua "file1" thiab sau cov ntawv nram qab no:

10 lub raj mis ntsuab rau ntawm ib phab ntsa

Yog hais tias ib lub raj mis ntsuab yuav tsum poob

Yuav muaj 9 lub raj mis ntsuab rau ntawm phab ntsa

Koj tuaj yeem tsim cov ntaub ntawv raws li cov lus qhia nram no:

Qhib cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm kev sau cov lus txib nram qab no: nano file1
Ntaus cov ntawv nyeem rau hauv qhov nano editor
Nias CTRL thiab O mus cawm cov ntaub ntawv
Nias CTRL thiab X kom tawm tau cov ntaub ntawv

Tam sim no tsim lwm cov ntaub ntawv hu ua "file2" thiab sau cov ntawv nram no:

10 lub raj mis ntsuab rau ntawm ib phab ntsa

Yog 1 lub raj mis ntsuab yuav tsum poob

Yuav muaj 9 lub raj mis ntsuab rau ntawm phab ntsa

Koj tuaj yeem tsim cov ntaub ntawv raws li cov lus qhia nram no:

Qhib cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm kev sau cov lus txib nram qab no: nano file2
Ntaus cov ntawv nyeem rau hauv qhov nano editor
Nias CTRL thiab O mus cawm cov ntaub ntawv
Nias CTRL thiab X kom tawm tau cov ntaub ntawv

Yuav ua li cas los sib piv ob cov ntaub ntawv siv Linux

Lo lus txib siv hauv Linux los qhia qhov txawv ntawm 2 cov ntaub ntawv hu ua diff command.

Qhov yooj yim daim ntawv hais txog qhov kev ua raws diff yog raws li nram no:

diff file1 file2

Yog hais tias cov ntaub ntawv yog tib yam ces yuav tsis muaj cov zis thaum siv qhov kev hais kom ua, li cas los xij, raws li muaj kev sib txawv koj yuav pom cov zis zoo ib yam li cov hauv qab no:

2,4c2,3

<10 xim ntsuab sawv ntawm phab ntsa

...

> Yog 1 lub raj mis ntsuab yuav tsum poob

> Yuav tsum muaj 9 lub raj mis ntsuab rau ntawm phab ntsa

Pib, cov zis yuav zoo li ruam tag, tiam sis thaum koj nkag siab cov lus sau tseg nws yog ib qhov teeb meem haum.

Siv koj lub qhov muag koj pom tau tias qhov sib txawv ntawm 2 cov ntaub ntawv muaj raws li nram no:

Cov ntaub ntawv thib ob tsuas muaj peb kab whereas thawj cov ntaub ntawv muaj 4.
Cov ntaub ntawv thib ob hais tias "1 lub raj mis ntsuab" rau ntawm kab thib peb uas yog thawj cov ntaub ntawv hais tias "ib lub raj mis ntsuab"
Cov ntaub ntawv thib ob hais tias "muaj" yuav tsis muaj "muaj" nyob rau ntawm txoj kab kawg

Cov zis tawm ntawm qhov hais kom ua tawm tau hais tias cov kab 2 thiab 4 ntawm thawj cov ntaub ntawv thiab kab 2 thiab 3 ntawm cov ntaub ntawv thib ob muaj qhov sib txawv.

Nws mam li sau cov kab ntawm 2 mus rau 4 los ntawm thawj cov ntaub ntawv tom qab los ntawm 2 cov kab sib txawv hauv cov ntaub ntawv thib ob.

Yuav Qhia Li Cas Xwb Qhia Yog Cov Ntaub Ntawv Sib Txawv Zoo Sib Xws

Yog tias koj tsuas xav paub yog cov ntaub ntawv sib txawv thiab koj tsis txaus siab rau qhov twg cov kab sib txawv koj tuaj yeem khiav cov lus txib nram qab no:

diff -q file1 file2

Yog tias cov ntaub ntawv sib txawv hauv qab no yuav muab tso rau:

Cov ntaub ntawv file1 thiab file2 txawv

Yog hais tias cov ntaub ntawv yog tib yam ces tsis muaj dab tsi tshwm.

Yuav Qhia Dab Tsi Yog Cov Ntaub Ntawv Xwb Li

Thaum koj khiav ib lo lus txib koj xav paub tias nws tau ua haujlwm kom raug, yog li koj xav tau cov lus yuav tsum tau tso tawm kom pom thaum koj khiav qhov kev hais tawm diff tsis hais seb cov ntaub ntawv puas zoo ib yam lossis txawv

Yuav kom ua tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau siv qhov kev hais ua kom dim, koj siv tau cov lus txib nram qab no :.

diff -s file1 file2

Tam sim no yog tias cov ntaub ntawv yog tib yam koj yuav tau txais cov lus hauv qab no:

Cov ntaub ntawv file1 thiab file2 yog zoo tib yam

Yuav Ua Li Cas Ua Tau Qhov Sib Txawv Zoo Sib Ces

Yog hais tias muaj ntau ntau qhov sib txawv ces nws tuaj yeem ua ceev nrooj los ua qhov teeb meem tiag tiag ntawm ob qho ntaub ntawv.

Koj tuaj yeem hloov qhov zis tawm ntawm cov lus hais kom ua kom cov kev sib tw tau qhia sab ntawm sab. Yuav kom ua tau li no ua raws li cov lus qhia nram qab no:

diff -y file1 file2

Cov zis rau cov ntaub ntawv siv cov | lub cim los qhia txog qhov txawv ntawm ob kab, qhov qhia txog kab uas tau muab tso rau.

Txawj xav yog tias koj khiav qhov kev hais kom ua siv peb cov ntaub ntawv ua yeeb yam ces tag nrho cov kab yuav pom txawv li tsuas yog zaum kawg ntawm cov ntaub ntawv 2 uas yuav tsum tau qhia tias tau muab deleted.

Txwv txoj kab dav dav

Thaum muab piv ob sab ntaub ntawv los ntawm sab nws yuav tsis yooj yim nyeem yog cov ntaub ntawv muaj ntau ntau ntawm cov ntawv nyeem.

Kev txwv tsis pub ib tug xov tooj ntawm kev siv cov lus qhia nram qab no:

diff --width = 5 ua ntaub ntawv thov file2

Yuav ua li cas thiaj li txiav txim siab txawv cov ntaub ntawv thaum sib piv cov ntaub ntawv

Yog tias koj xav muab ob cov ntaub ntawv los sib piv, tiam sis koj tsis saib xyuas seb cov ntaub ntawv sib txawv ntawm tib ob ntawm cov ntaub ntawv, ces koj tuaj yeem siv cov lus qhia nram no:

diff -i file1 file2

Yuav ua li cas Ignore Trailing Dawb Chaw ntawm kawg ntawm ib txoj kab

Yog tias thaum muab cov ntaub ntawv sib piv koj pom ntau qhov sib txawv thiab qhov sib txawv yog tshwm sim los ntawm qhov chaw dawb tom kawg ntawm cov kab koj tuaj yeem tawm ntawm qhov kev hloov raws li kev ua raws li cov lus hais hauv qab no:

diff -Z file1 file2

Yuav ua li cas Ignore Txhua Qhov Chaw Dawb Qhov Sib Txawv Ntawm Ob Ntaub Ntawv

Yog tias koj tsuas xav siv cov ntawv nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv thiab koj tsis quav ntsej seb puas muaj ntau qhov chaw hauv ib qho tshaj li qhov koj siv tau cov lus qhia nram qab no:

diff -w file1 file2

Yuav ua li cas Ignore Blank kab thaum sib piv ob cov ntaub ntawv

Yog tias koj tsis xav tias ib cov ntawv yuav muaj cov kab ntxiv nyob hauv nws ces koj tuaj yeem sib piv cov ntaub ntawv uas siv cov lus qhia nram no:

diff -B file1 file2

Txoj kev xaus

Koj tuaj yeem nrhiav cov ntaub ntawv ntxiv los ntawm kev nyeem phau ntawv qhia txog qhov kev ua haujlwm diff.

txiv neej diff

Cov lus hais ua kom siv tau rau hauv nws daim ntawv yooj yim kom pom qhov txawv ntawm 2 cov ntaub ntawv tiam sis koj tuaj yeem siv nws los ua ib qho ntaub ntawv raws li ib feem ntawm lub tswv yim patching raws li qhia nyob rau hauv phau ntawv no rau ntawm Linux thaj thaj .

Lwm cov lus txib koj siv tau los sib piv cov ntaub ntawv yog qhov kev txiav txim siab cmp raws li qhia los ntawm phau ntawv qhia no . Qhov sib piv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv byte by byte.