Ze li txhua lub tshuab computer uas muaj peev xwm xav tau RAM. Ua tib zoo saib seb koj nyiam ntaus ntawv (xws li smartphones, ntsiav tshuaj, desktops, laptops, graphing calculators, HDTVs, tes ntaus pob tesniv, thiab lwm yam), thiab koj yuav tsum nrhiav tau qee cov lus qhia txog RAM. Txawm hais tias txhua tus RAM yeej ua hauj lwm rau tib lub hom phiaj, nws muaj ob peb hom ntau feem ntau siv rau hnub no:
- Static RAM (SRAM)
- Dynamic RAM (DRAM)
- Synchronous Dynamic RAM (SDRAM)
- Ib qho Data Feem Pua Synchronous Dynamic RAM (SDR SDRAM)
- Ob zaug cov ntaub ntawv Synchronous Dynamic RAM (DDR SDRAM, DDR2, DDR3, DDR4)
- Graphics Datasheets Rate Synchronous Dynamic RAM (GDDR SDRAM, GDDR2, GDDR3, GDDR4, GDDR5)
- Flash nco
RAM Yog Dab Tsi?
RAM stands rau Random Access Memory , thiab nws muab cov tshuab computer qhov chaw xav tau los tswj cov ntaub ntawv thiab daws cov teeb meem tam sim no. Koj tuaj yeem xav txog nws zoo li cov ntaub ntawv rov tom qab uas koj yuav sau ntawv, zauv, los yog kos duab nrog rau ib qho xaum xim. Yog tias koj khiav hauv chav ntawm daim ntawv, koj ua ntau dua los ntawm kev tshem tawm yam uas koj tsis xav tau ntxiv lawm; RAM ua haujlwm zoo sib xws thaum nws xav tau chaw sau ntau ntxiv rau cov ntaub ntawv ntawm ib ntus (ie running software / programs). Cov ntawv loj dua yuav cia koj tawm tswv yim ntau dua (thiab loj dua) cov tswv yim ntawm ib lub sij hawm ua ntej yuav lwv tawm; ntau RAM hauv cov computers sib koom ib txoj kev zoo sib xws.
RAM los ntau ntau daim duab (piv txwv li qhov nws lub cev sib txuas mus rau los yog interfaces nrog xam tshuab), daim ntawv pov hwm (ntsuas hauv MB lossis GB ), speeds (ntsuas hauv MHz lossis GHz ), thiab architectures. Cov no thiab lwmyam tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum tau xav txog thaum ua haujlwm kho dua tshiab nrog RAM, raws li lub computer systems (xws li kho vajtse, niam txiv) yuav tsum ua raws li kev cai nruj heev. Piv txwv li:
- Cov cim dhau lub computer tsis muaj kev sib txawv kom haum cov xov tooj ntawm cov tshuab RAM tshiab
- Laptop nco tsis haum hauv desktops (thiab vice versa)
- RAM tsis yog ib txwm rov mus dua
- Ib qho system feem ntau tsis tuaj yeem sib luag thiab phim ntau hom / cim ntawm RAM ua ke
Static RAM (SRAM)
Sij hawm nyob rau hauv Kev Ua Lag Luam: xyoo pua tuaj qhia
Nrov Cov Khoom Siv SRAM: Cov koob yees duab, cov duab, cov tshuab luam yeeb, cov ntxaij lim dej
Ib qho ntawm ob hom kev cim xeeb (lwm qhov yog DRAM), SRAM yuav tsum muaj lub zog khiav tas li kom ua haujlwm. Vim hais tias ntawm lub zog tas mus li, SRAM tsis tas yuav tsum tau 'txhawj xeeb' kom nco qab cov ntaub ntawv khaws tseg. Qhov no yog vim li cas SRAM tau raug hu ua 'static' - tsis hloov lossis ua (xws li refreshing) yuav tsum khaws cov ntaub ntawv kom zoo. Txawm li cas los xij, SRAM yog ib lub cim xeeb nrov, uas txhais tau hais tias tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv uas tau muab cia poob thaum lub hwj chim raug txiav tawm.
Qhov zoo ntawm kev siv SRAM (thiab DRAM) yog txo hwj chim noj thiab ceev ceev ceev. Cov kev tsis zoo ntawm kev siv SRAM (thiab DRAM) yog cov cim kev txuag tsawg dua thiab cov nqi tsim dua. Vim tias cov yeeb yam no, SRAM feem ntau yog siv rau hauv:
- CPU cache (xws li L1, L2, L3)
- Hard drive tsis tu / cache
- Digital-rau-analog hloov siab (DACs) ntawm daim video phaib
Dynamic RAM (DRAM)
Sij hawm nyob rau hauv kev ua lag luam: 1970s mus rau mid-1990s
Nrov Cov Khoom Siv Teebmeem: Video game consoles, kev sib tshua kho kev sib tshua
Ib qho ntawm ob hom kev cim xeeb (lwm qhov yog SRAM), DRAM tseev kom muaj lub caij ua haujlwm tshiab kom ua tau haujlwm tshiab. Cov neeg lag luam uas khaws cov ntaub ntawv hauv DRAM maj mam tawm mus zog; tsis muaj zog txhais tau tias cov ntaub ntawv ua poob lawm. Qhov no yog vim li cas DRAM hu ua 'dynamic' - qhov hloov lossis kev txiav txim (xws li refreshing) yuav tsum khaws cov ntaub ntawv kom zoo. DRAM tseem yog ib lub cim xeeb, uas txhais tau hais tias tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv khaws cia tau poob thaum lub zog txiav tawm.
Qhov zoo ntawm kev siv DRAM (vs. SRAM) yog cov nqi qis tsim thiab ntau dua kev pabcuam. Cov kev tsis zoo ntawm kev siv DRAM (vs. SRAM) yog cov kev qeeb qeeb qeeb thiab siab zog dua. Vim tias cov yeeb yam no, DRAM feem ntau siv rau hauv:
- Qhov cim xeeb
- Video graphics nco
Nyob rau hauv 1990s, Extended Data Out Dynamic RAM (EDO DRAM) tsim, raws li nws cov evolution, Taug kev EDO RAM (BEDO DRAM). Cov hom kev nco no tau thov kom rov txiav txim dua vim muaj kev nce siab / kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov nqi qis dua. Txawm li cas los xij, cov cuab yeej siv tau ua dhau los ntawm txoj kev loj hlob ntawm SDRAM.
Synchronous Dynamic RAM (SDRAM)
Sij hawm nyob rau hauv Kev Ua Lag Luam: 1993 tuaj
Nrov Khoom Siv SDRAM: Khoos phib tawj nco, kev ua si video games consoles
SDRAM yog ib qho kev faib tawm ntawm DRAM uas ua haujlwm hauv sync nrog lub sij hawm CPU , uas txhais tau hais tias nws tos txog lub teeb liab ua ntej teb cov lus tawm tswv yim (xws li tus neeg siv kev sib txuas lus). Ntawm qhov sib txawv, DRAM yog asynchronous, uas txhais tau tias nws teb tam sim ntawd cov ntaub ntawv tawm tswv yim. Tab sis cov txiaj ntsim ntawm kev ua haujlwm synchronous yog tias CPU tuaj yeem ua tus txheej txheem ntawm kev sib phim, xws li 'ntxee' - lub peev xwm los txais (nyeem) kev qhia tshiab ua ntej qhov kev qhia dhau los tau raug daws tas (sau ntawv).
Txawm hais tias pipelining tsis cuam tshuam rau lub sij hawm uas nws yuav siv los ua cov lus qhia, nws tso cai ntxiv kom ua tiav ib txhij. Ua ib qho kev nyeem ntawv thiab ib qho kev qhia sau ib lub sij hawm hloov ntawm lub voj voog uas tau nce siab dua CPU hloov / ua tiav cov nqi. SDRAM txhawb kev sib haum xeeb vim nws txoj kev nco nws yog faib rau cov tsev tso nyiaj cais, uas yog qhov ua rau nws nyiam tshaj DRAM yooj yim.
Ib qho Data Feem Pua Synchronous Dynamic RAM (SDR SDRAM)
Sij hawm nyob rau hauv Kev Ua Lag Luam: 1993 tuaj
Nrov Khoom Siv SDR SDRAM: Khoos phis tawj, kev ua si video games consoles
SDR SDRAM yog lub sijhawm ntxiv rau SDRAM - ob hom yog ib qho thiab tib yam, tab sis feem ntau hu ua SDRAM xwb. Tus 'tib cov ntaub ntawv tus nqi' qhia tau hais tias lub cim xeeb li cas ib qho kev nyeem thiab ib qho kev sau ntawv qhia ib ntu ntawm lub voj voog. Qhov kev qhia no yuav pab tshab txhais txog SDR SDRAM thiab DDR SDRAM:
- DDR SDRAM yog qhov tseem ceeb thib ob ntawm kev tsim ntawm SDR SDRAM
Ob zaug cov ntaub ntawv Synchronous Dynamic RAM (DDR SDRAM)
Sij hawm nyob rau hauv Kev Ua Lag Luam: 2000 tuaj
Nrov Khoom Siv DDR SDRAM: Lub Computer Nco
DDR SDRAM koom tes zoo li SDR SDRAM, tsuas yog ob zaug kom ceev. DDR SDRAM muaj peev xwm ua ob txoj kev nyeem thiab ob qho kev sau qhia cov lus qhia ib ntu moos (li ntawm 'double'). Txawm tias DDR SDRAM muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm lub cev (184 pins thiab ib tus neeg ntaus ntawv hauv lub connector) piv rau SDR SDRAM (168 pins thiab ob lub khauj khaum ntawm qhov txuas). DDR SDRAM kuj ua haujlwm ntawm tus qauv qis dua (2.5 V ntawm 3.3 V), tiv thaiv rov qab sib tw nrog SDR SDRAM.
- DDR2 SDRAM yog cov kev hloov tshiab rau DDR SDRAM. Thaum tseem muaj ob feem ntaub ntawv (ua ob txoj kev nyeem thiab sau ob cov lus qhia ib ntu lub voj voog), DDR2 SDRAM sai dua vim nws tuaj yeem khiav ntawm ntau dua moos speeds. Txheem (tsis overclocked ) DDR nco modules sab saum toj 200 MHz, qhov qauv DDR2 nco modules saum toj ntawm 533 MHz. DDR2 SDRAM khiav ntawm qhov tsawg dua voltage (1.8 V) nrog ntau lub pins (240), uas tiv thaiv rov qab sib tw.
- DDR3 SDRAM ua rau kev ua haujlwm dua DDR2 SDRAM los ntawm cov teebmeem ntawm kev lag luam (kev ntseeg siab), muaj peev xwm ntau dua, txo hwj chim noj (1.5 V), thiab siab dua kev teev moos (txog li 800 Mhz). Txawm hais tias DDR3 SDRAM sib npaug ntawm tib lub pins li DDR2 SDRAM (240), tag nrho lwm yam kev tiv thaiv rov qab compatibility.
- DDR4 SDRAM pab txoj kev ua haujlwm tshaj DDR3 SDRAM los ntawm ntau tshaj kev teeb tsa kev tsim (kev ntseeg tau), muaj peev xwm ntau dua, muaj zog qis dua (1.2 V), thiab siab dua kev teev moos (nce txog 1600 Mhz). DDR4 SDRAM siv lub 288-pin configuration, uas tseem tiv thaiv rov qab mus sib tw.
Graphics Datasheets Rate Synchronous Dynamic RAM (GDDR SDRAM)
Sij hawm nyob rau hauv Kev Ua Lag Luam: 2003 tuaj
Nrov Khoom Siv GDDR SDRAM: Video graphics phaib, ib co ntsiav tshuaj
GDDR SDRAM yog hom DDR SDRAM uas yog tsim los rau video graphics rendering, feem ntau yog ua ke nrog ib tus GPU nplooj siab (graphics ua tsev) ntawm daim video . Niaj hnub nimno PC ua si tau paub tias thawb lub hnab ntawv nrog qhov muaj tseeb tiag tiag, txhais tau ntau tshaj qhov nruab nrab ntawm lub ntsej muag thiab cov khoos phis siab zoo tshaj plaws rau kev ua si (tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum siv 720p lossis 1080p siab txog kev daws teeb meem ).
- Zoo ib yam li DDR SDRAM, GDDR SDRAM nws muaj nws txoj kev hloov evolutionary (txhim kho kev kawm thiab txo hwj chim noj): GDDR2 SDRAM, GDDR3 SDRAM, GDDR4 SDRAM, thiab GDDR5 SDRAM.
Txawm tias sib koom zoo heev nrog DDR SDRAM, GDDR SDRAM tsis yog tib yam nkaus. Muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov GDDR SDRAM ua hauj lwm, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog hais txog kev siv bandwidth li cas tshaj latency. GDDR SDRAM yuav tsum ua kom tiav cov ntaub ntawv (bandwidth), tiam sis tsis tas ntawm qhov ceev tshaj plaws (latency) - xav txog txoj kab 16 txoj kab uas teev ntawm 55 MPH. Comparatively, DDR SDRAM yuav tsum muaj qis latency kom sai li sai tau rau CPU - xav txog txoj kev 2-txoj kab ntawm 85 MPH.
Flash nco
Sij hawm nyob rau hauv Kev Ua Lag Luam: 1984 los qhia
Nrov Khoom Siv Flash Nco: Cov koob yees duab, smartphones / ntsiav tshuaj, handheld gaming systems / khoom ua si
Flash nco yog hom uas tsis yog qhov chaw cia khoom nruab nrab uas khaws cia tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv tom qab fais fab tuag lawm. Dua li ntawm lub npe, flash nco yog nyob rau hauv daim ntawv thiab kev lag luam (piv txwv thiab cia cov ntaub ntawv xa mus) rau lub xeev cov kev tsav tsheb dua li cov lus hais ntawm RAM. Flash nco yog feem ntau siv rau hauv:
- USB flash drives
- Cov luam ntawv
- Cov tub ntxhais kawm ntawv tau xov xwm
- Nco phaib
- Cov khoom me me / khoom ua si
- PDAs