Siv cov ntawv saum toj kawg nkaus thaum koj xav paub txog qhov nce
Cov duab saum toj kawg nkaus yog cov ncauj lus kom ntxaws heev uas qhia ob qho tib si lub ntiaj teb thiab txoj kev ua vaj tse thiab cov tsev. Lawv txawv los ntawm ntau hom maps vim tias lawv qhia nce, tab sis lawv muaj tag nrho lwm cov ntsiab lus uas koj pom hauv maps nrog rau cov lus dab neeg, nplai thiab north-pointing xub. Topographic maps feem ntau paired nrog handheld GPS li, cov kev ua si thiab qoj GPS li thiab smartphone applications. Cov duab saum toj kawg nkaus hauv lawv daim ntawv tau siv ntau xyoo thiab yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm cov neeg sab nraud, cov neeg qhia hauv nroog thiab cov neeg uas yuav tsum tau nkag siab txog cov lus qhia txog kev lag luam.
Topographic Maps Qhia Siab Nrog Cov Kab Contour
Thaum koj saib ntawm ib daim qhia kev, koj tab tom nrhiav ncaj ncaj ntawm qhov sawv cev ntawm lub Ntiaj Teb, yog li nws yog qhov nyuaj rau pom cov kev hloov hauv qib siab. Cov duab saum toj saud siv cov kab contour los qhia seb puas siab. Txhua kab contour rau hauv daim ntawv qhia txuas nrog cov ntsiab lus uas muaj kev sib npaug sib npaug zos. Hauv txoj kev xav, yog tias koj ua raws li ib txoj kab contour, koj taug kev ntawm tib txoj kev nce siab mus kom txog rau thaum koj rov qab los ntawm koj qhov chaw pib. Cov kab teeb meem ua raws li qee yam kev txwv, nrog rau:
- Txhua qhov chaw nrog txoj kab contour muaj qhov sib npaug sib npaug.
- Ib txoj kab contour cov ntawv kaw lawm.
- Kab teeb meem yuav tsis hla ib leeg.
Ib qho me me muaj nyob rau ntawm cov kab hauv cov kab teeb meem uas qhia tias qhov siab nce saum hiav txwv. Feem ntau cov teb chaws topographic maps qhia qhov nce ntawm taw, tab sis qee qhov qhia nws hauv metres. Txawm li cas los xij, tsis yog txhua tus kab contour uas sau nrog ib tus lej. Hauv qhov no, koj yuav tsum paub txog lub caij nyoog contour kom paub txog qhov nce ntawm qee cov kab.
Kev piav qhia ntawm Cov Kev Nruab Nrab
Thaum koj saib ib ntu ntawm cov kab kev sib txuas ntawm daim duab, koj yuav pom tias lawv tshwm sim rau thaum tsis sib luag, tab sis muaj ib qho kev qhia meej. Lawv raug ncua ntawm cov sijhawm uas hloov raws li kev nce nqi. Koj yuav tsum paub txog cov kev sib tham ntawm contour los txhais cov kev hloov hauv qib siab ntawm ib nrais muag ntawm ib daim pheem thib. Yog xav paub txog qhov sib nkag ntawm lub caij nyoog:
- Nrhiav ob kab contour nyob rau hauv daim ntawv qhia uas sau nrog lawv qhov siab thiab uas muaj ib los sis ntau dua qhov sib ceg ntawm lawv.
- Rho cov npav me me uas luam tawm ntawm ib kab kab contour ntawm tus xov tooj loj ntawm lwm tus kab tho txawv.
- Faib qhov tshwm sim los ntawm cov xov tooj ntawm cov kab uas tsis muaj leej twg nyob ntawm lawv mus txog ntawm qhov kev sib ntsib ntawm contour.
Piv txwv li, yog tias koj muaj ob kab contour uas sau hais tias 30 thiab 40 ko taw nrog ib txoj kab uas tsis sib thooj sib txuas ntawm lawv, tus contour interval yog 5 feet. Qhov nce ntawm txhua qhov chaw ntawm lub unlabeled contour yog 35 ko taw. Tus nqi contour luv nqi tseem yog rau tag nrho cov kev sib tham ntawm daim pheem thib.
Koj yuav tsis pom zoo rau ib tus kab contour tshwj tsis yog hauv thaj chaw tiaj tus. Qhov kev hloov ntawm qhov nce siab tshaj plaws yog, cov kab ntau ntxiv yuav tsum tau los piav txog qhov hloov.
Qhov Yuav Tau Txais Cov Ntawv Uas Xeev Tau Licas
Lub Teb Chaws Asmeskas Geological Survey muaj kev ywj pheej ntawm cov duab tam sim no thiab keeb kwm ntawm Teb Chaws Asmeskas hauv PDF hom ntawm nws lub website. Garmin muaj ntau daim ntawv qhia ntau tshaj plaws rau kev muag khoom ntawm nws lub vev xaib, thiab Camping thiab Hiking ntawm Amazon muaj xaiv cov npe saum toj kawg nkaus. Cov ntawv qhia saum toj kawg nkaus yog nce ntxiv, xa mus thiab siv cov hom digital.
Nplai ntawm Cov Ntawv Qhia Tawm
Cov ntawv sau qhia txog ntau tshaj lij, thiab qhov txawv yog qhov tseem ceeb. Piv txwv li, daim npav 24K siab tshaj plaws yog nyob ntawm qhov teev ntawm 1: 24,000 (1 nti = 2,000 ko taw) thiab qhia tau hais tias zoo heev. Daim 24K daim ntawv qhia kuj paub tias daim ntawv qhia 7.5 feeb ua ke vim tias nws npog 7.5 feeb latitude thiab longitude. Lwm hom ntawv, daim ntawv qhia 100K, daim ntawv teev kev sib tw, yog nyob rau ntawm 1: 100,000 (1 centimeter = 1 kilometer) thiab qhia tsis pom meej, tab sis npog thaj tsam dav dua daim npav 24K.
Daim Npaj Relief yog Dab Tsi?
Ib daim ntawv qhia kev qhia yog ib hom ntawm daim ntawv qhia piv txwv tsis siv cov kab contour. Xwb, nws yog kos thiab xim kom pom cov kev hloov hauv qib siab. Qhov no ua rau hauv daim ntawv qhia qhov tseeb, thiab koj tuaj yeem paub qhov txawv ntawm cov roob thiab lub hav tsuas yog saib. Ib lub ntiaj teb nrog roob roob phaus kuj yog ib hom kev qhia daim qauv qhia.