Zaub - Linux Command - Kev hais ua haujlwm Unix

puag ncig cov duab nrog ib sab ntug hiav txwv

-gamma

theem ntawm gamma kho lus

-yog ntsuas x {+ -} {+ -} {%} {@} {!} {<} {>}

qhov loj dua qhov chaw thiab qhov chaw ntawm qhov rai qhov rai.

-help

luam tawm cov lus qhia

-iconGeometry

hais kom meej icon geometry

-txais

iconic animation

-immutable

ua duab immutable

-tsau

hom ntawm interlacing txwm

-label

cob ib daim ntawv lo rau ib daim duab

-magnify

ua kom pom cov duab

-ntxiv

tso duab siv hom no.

-tej

khw muag khoom matte yog tias daim duab muaj ib qho

-mattecolor

hais kom meej matte xim

-monochrome

hloov cov duab rau dub thiab dawb

-name

npe duab

-negate

hloov txhua pixel nrog nws cov xim complementary

-noj

NOOP (tsis muaj kev xaiv)

-page x {+ -} {+ -} {%} {!} {<} {>}

qhov loj thiab qhov chaw ntawm tus duab canvas

-quality

JPEG / MIFF / PNG compression level

-raise x

qee kom pom lossis tsaus ntuj duab

-remote

ua haujlwm rau tej thaj chaw deb

-roll {+ -} {+ -}

dov tus duab vertically lossis horizontally

-rotate {<} {>}

thov Paeth duab tig rau duab

-qhov

scale duab nrog pixel sampling

-sampling_factor x

sampling yam siv los ntawm JPEG lossis MPEG-2 encoder thiab YUV decoder / encoder.

-scenes

khwv yees duab ntawm cov nab npawb ntawm cov ntawv nyeem

-npav x

ntu duab

-shared_memory

siv sib koom nco

-sharpen x

hla tus duab

-size x {+ offset}

dav thiab qhov siab ntawm daim duab

-text_font

font rau kev sau ntawv tsau-dav

-texture

lub npe ntawm kev ntxhib los mos kom pobzeb mus rau cov duab tom qab

-title

muab lub npe mus tso tawm kom pom duab [ animate, display, montage ]

-treedepth

tsob ntoo tob rau qhov xim txo algorithm

-trim

Trim tus duab

-qhov dua

ntes thaum duab ua ntaub ntawv hloov thiab redisplay.

-use_pixmap

siv lub pixmap

-hmoob

sau cov ncauj lus kom ntxaws txog cov duab

-ntxiv

animate dluab siv no X nrig hom

-window

ua duab tom qab ntawm lub qhov rais

-window_group

hais kom meej cov pab pawg neeg lub qhov rais

-write

sau cov duab rau ib daim ntawv [ zaub ]

MOUSE BUTTONS

Cov teebmeem ntawm txhua lub pob nyem yog piav qhia hauv qab no. Peb lub khawm xav tau. Yog tias koj muaj ob khawm nas, khawm 1 thiab 3 raug xa rov qab. Nias ALT thiab khawm 3 kom simulate khawm 2.

1

Nias lub pob no kom pom los sis tsis txhob ua raws li cov lus hais kom ua. Saib tshooj ntxiv rau cov lus qhia ntxiv txog qhov Txuas Lus Thaj Tsam.

2

Nias thiab luag kom txhais tau ib cheeb tsam ntawm daim duab kom ntxiv siab.

3

Nias thiab luag xaiv xaiv los ntawm cov txheej xaiv (1) lus txib. Cov khawm no coj txawv txawv yog tias cov duab tau muab tso tawm yog ib qho duab coj los siv. Xaiv ib qho ntawv nplais ntawm phau ntawv thiab nias qhov khawm thiab luag xaiv xaiv ib qho kev qhia los ntawm cov ntawv qhia tawm pop-up. Xaiv cov khoom noj no:

Qhib
Tom ntej
Yav tas los
Rho tawm
Hloov tshiab

Yog tias koj xaiv Qhib , cov duab uas sawv cev los ntawm cov pobzeb muaj tshwm. Rov qab mus rau cov duab kos duab, xaiv tom ntej los ntawm qhov hais kom ua widget (saib Kev Ua Ntej Widget). Tom ntej thiab qub txav mus rau tom ntej lossis yav dhau los ntawm daim duab. Xaiv Delete mus rho tawm ib qho duab pobzeb. Thaum kawg, xaiv Hloov tshiab los ua synchronize tag nrho cov duab vuas nrog lawv cov dluab. Saib ntawm lub rooj zaum thiab lub caj dab kom paub ntxiv.

COMMAND WIDGET

Qhov hais kom ua widget teev ib co xov tooj ntawm sub-menus thiab commands. Lawv yog

Cov ntaub ntawv

Qhib ...
Tom ntej
Yav tas los
Xaiv ...
Txuag ...
Sau ...
Rho tawm ...
Canvas ...
Kev Taw Qhia Ntawm ...
Tso tawm

Kho kom raug

Undo
Redo
Txiav
Luam
Muab tshuaj txhuam

Saib

Ib Nrab Ntawm Loj
Thawj Loj
Ob Qhov Loj
Txais ...
Thov
Hloov tshiab
Restore

Txia

Qoob loo
Chop
Dauv
Ntxeev
Tig Txoj Cai
Tig Lem
Tig ...
Shear ...
Yob ...
Trim Edges

Txhim khu

Hawj ...
Kev poob siab ...
Brightness ...
Gamma ...
Spiff ...
Mob taub hau
Sib npaug
Ntaus
Negate
Grayscale
Quantize ...

Teebmeem

Despeckle
Emboss
Txo nrov nrov
Ntxiv nrov
Hli ...
Plooj ...
Tshaj tawm ...
Ntes Detect ...
Kis ...
Ntxoov ntxoo ...
Tsa ...
Segment ...

F / X

Solarize ...
Swirl ...
Implode ...
Yoj ...
Roj xim ...
Charcoal Draw ...

Duab Txuas

Annotate ...
Kos ...
Xim ...
Matte ...
Sib sau ...
Ntxiv Ciam Teb ...
Ntxiv Ncej ...
Saib ...
Tua tawm ...
Thaj av ntawm paj ...

Miscellany

Duab Qhia
Zoom Duab
Qhia Ua Ntej ...
Qhia Histogram
Pom Matte
Tom qab ...
Slide Show
Nyiam ...

Pab

Txheeb xyuas
Txhaws Ntaub Ntawv
Txog Zaub

Cov khoom noj khoom haus nrog cov duab sab nraud nrog rau sab nraud muaj ib qho khoom noj. Lawv sawv cev saum toj no raws li cov khoom khib nyiab. Yog xav nkag mus rau ib qho khoom noj khoom haus sub-menu, txav tus pointer rau cov ntawv qhia zaub mov thiab nias khawm 1 thiab luag. Thaum koj pom yam khoom seem hauv sub-menu, tso lub pob thiab qhov kev ua haujlwm yog tseg. Tshem tus pointer ntawm tus ncua zaub mov yog tias koj txiav txim siab tsis ua raws li qhov kev hais kom ua.

KEYBOARD ACCELERATORS

Accelerators yog ib los yog ob lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb uas cuam tshuam rau ib qho kev hais kom ua. Cov keyboard accelerators uas tso saib kev nkag siab yog:

Ctl + O Nias kom thauj khoom tau los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv.
Chaw Xovxwm mus tso saib cov duab tom ntej.

Yog hais tias daim duab muaj ntau daim ntawv pauv xws li daim ntawv PostScript , koj tuaj yeem hla dhau nplooj ob peb phab los ntawm cov lus txib ua ntej nrog tus nab npawb. Piv txwv li pom cov nplooj ntawv thib plaub dhau ntawm nplooj ntawv tam sim no, nias 4space.

backspace Nias mus tso saib cov duab qub.

Yog hais tias daim duab no yog ib daim ntawv pov thawj xws li daim ntawv PostScript , koj tuaj yeem hla tom qab ntau nplooj ntawv los ntawm ua ntej cov lus txib no nrog tus nab npawb. Piv txwv li pom cov nplooj plaub ua ntej nplooj ntawv tam sim no, nias 4n.

Ctl-S nias kom txuag cov duab rau ib daim ntawv.
Ctl-P Nias kom luam daim duab mus rau
PostScript luam ntawv.
Ctl-D Xovxwm mus rho tawm cov duab ua haujlwm.
Ctl-N Nias kom tsim tau ib daim voj voos.
Ctl-Q Nias mus pov tseg tag nrho cov duab thiab tawm hauv qhov kev pab cuam.
Ctl + Z Nias kom undo duab kawg hloov.
Ctl + R Xovxwm mus rau redo duab kawg.
Ctl-X Nias kom txiav ib cheeb tsam ntawm
daim duab.
Ctl-C Nias kom luam ib cheeb tsam ntawm
daim duab.
Ctl-V nias los muab tshuaj rau thaj av ntawd
daim duab.
& lt; Nias kom sim cov duab loj.
. Nias kom rov qab mus rau daim duab loj.
> Nias kom muab ob npaug rau daim duab loj.
% Nias rau resize tus duab rau lub dav thiab qhov siab
koj qhia kom meej.
Cmd-A Nias kom hloov cov duab hloov mus tas li.
Yog vim li cas, tej duab loj hloov tau
thov kom thawj daim duab los tsim cov duab
tshwm nyob rau ntawm X neeg rau zaub mov.

Txawm li cas los, tus
kev hloov tsis ruaj khov (piv txwv li qhov qub
daim duab tsis hloov me me xwb X duab tsis ua).
Piv txwv li, yog tias koj nias ">" X duab yuav
tshwm rau ob npaug rau hauv me me, tab sis daim duab thawj
yuav nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb nyob qhov qub loj. Yuav yuam kom
thawj daim duab rau ob npaug rau qhov loj, nias ">" ua raws li
los ntawm "Cmd-A".
@ Tshaj los kho qhov duab window.
C Nias kom crop daim duab.
[Nias kom chop daim duab.
H Nias kom nrov muag duab nyob hauv txoj kev qhia.
V Nias kom ntxeev cov duab nyob rau hauv txoj kev taw qhia.
/ Nias kom tig cov duab 90 sab laug xuaj moos.
\ Nyem rau tig cov duab 90 degrees
counter-clockwise.
* Nias kom tig cov duab
cov qib koj tau hais.
S Nias kom shear tus duab ntau npaum li cas
koj qhia kom meej.
R Nias kom dauv cov duab.

T Nias kom tig cov duab npoo.
Shft-H Nias kom hloov xim Hawj.
Txuas-S Xov Xwm los sib txawv xim.
Shft-L Nias kom hloov cov duab ci ci.
Shft-G Nias kom gamma yog daim duab.
Shft-C Nias kom txhav txog cov duab sib txawv.
Shft-Z Xovxwm dull cov duab zoo ib.
= Nias kom ua qhov kev sib npaug ntawm histogram
daim duab.
Shft-N Nias los ua qhov kev tshwm sim histogram ntawm
daim duab.
Shft- ~ Nias kom negate cov xim ntawm daim duab.
. Nias kom hloov cov duab xim rau grey.
Shft- # Nias kom teem caij ntau tshaj plaws
xim hauv daim duab.
F2 Nias kom txo cov pob txha hauv cov duab.
F2 Nias kom txhuam cov duab.
F4 Nias kom tshem tawm nrov nrov los ntawm ib qho duab.
F5 Nias kom ntxiv suab nrov rau ib daim duab.
F6 Nias kom hle tus duab.
F7 Nias kom pom qhov duab duab.
F8 Nias kom pom tus duab.

F9 Nias kom paub txog cov npoo nyob hauv ib daim duab.
F10 Xovxwm mus pace pixels los ntawm tus nqi tsawg.
F11 Nias kom ntxoov cov duab siv lub teeb nrig
qhov chaw.
F12 Nias kom qis los sis tsaus nti duab npoo los tsim
3-D nyhuv.
F13 Nias kom ntu cov duab los ntawm xim.
Meta-S nias rau cov duab swb pixels txog qhov chaw.
Meta-Kuv Nias kom implode duab pixels txog qhov chaw.
Meta-W Nias kom hloov tus duab nrog ib qho sine wave.
Meta-P Nias kom simulate roj pleev xim.
Meta-C Nias kom simulate ib qho kev kos duab.
Alt-X Nias kom muab cov duab
nrog lwm tus.
Alt-A Nias kom sau cov duab nrog cov ntawv.
Alt-D Nias kom kos ib kab hauv daim duab.
Alt-P Xovxwm los hloov cov duab pixel xim.
Alt-M Xovxwm los hloov cov duab matte cov ntaub ntawv.
Alt-X Nias kom muab cov duab nrog lwm tus sib piv.
Alt-A Xovxwm ntxiv ib ciam rau cov duab.
Alt-F Nias kom ntxiv rau ib daim duab rau ntawm daim duab.

Qeb-Shft-! Nias kom ntxiv cov duab saib.
Ctl-A Xovxwm siv cov duab hom kev ua haujlwm rau ib
cheeb tsam ntawm kev txaus siab.
Shft-? Nias mus tso saib cov lus qhia txog daim duab.
Shft- + Xovxwm rau daim duab qhia lub qhov duab thaij duab.
Shft-P Xovxwm mus saib ua cov duab li, nyhuv,
lossis f / x.
F1 Nias kom pom cov lus qhia txog kev pabcuam
lub chaw "zaub".
Nrhiav Xovxwm los xauj cov ntaub ntawv hais txog ImageMagick.
1-9 Nias kom hloov cov theem ntawm qhov loj tuaj.

Siv cov xub tuav kom pauv cov duab ib pixel nce, nqes, sab laug, los yog hauv sab hauv lub qhov rais nruab nrab. Nco ntsoov ua ntej daim ntawv qhia lub qhov rais nruab ntau los ntawm nias lub khawm 2.

Nias ALT thiab ib qho ntawm cov xub tuav kom lim tawm ib pixel ntawm ib sab ntawm daim duab.

X SIJHAWM

Cov kev xaiv tso tawm tuaj yeem tshwm rau ntawm kab lus hais los yog hauv X cov ntaub ntawv. Cov kev xaiv ntawm tus kab lus hais ntxiv supersede qhov teev nyob rau hauv koj cov ntaub ntawv X daim ntawv. Saib X (1) yog xav paub ntxiv txog X kev pabcuam.

Feem ntau cov kev xaiv muaj cov X qhov qub txeeg qub teg. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov duab siv X cov ntaub ntawv hauv qab no:

tom qab (chav kawm keeb kwm)

Qhia cov xim uas nyiam siv los siv rau tom qab qhov rais thaij duab. Lub neej ntawd #ccc.

ciam tebColor (hoob BorderColor)

Ntaus tus xim zoo dua los siv rau Qhov Xaiv cov duab ciam teb. Lub neej ntawd #ccc.

borderWidth (hoob BorderWidth)

Qhia cov dav hauv pixels ntawm daim duab ciam teb. Lub neej ntawd yog 2.

browseCommand (chav browseCommand)

Teev lub npe ntawm tus browser nyiam thaum tso saib ImageMagick cov ntaub ntawv. Lub neej ntawd yog netscape% s.

confirmExit (hoob ConfirmExit)

Cov duab tso tawm ib lub thawv tuaj yeem kom paub meej tias tawm hauv qhov kev pab cuam thaum tawm ntawm qhov kev zov me nyuam. Teem cov cuab yeej no los cuav tawm kom tsis muaj kev pom zoo.

displayGamma (hoob DisplayGamma)

Teev lub gamma ntawm X neeg rau zaub mov. Koj tuaj yeem thov cov lej gamma tseem ceeb rau cov xim liab, ntsuab, thiab xiav ntawm daim duab uas muaj cov npe gamma muaj delinated nrog slashes (xws li 1.7 / 2.3 / 1.2). Lub neej ntawd yog 2.2.

displayWarnings (hoob DisplayWarnings)

Cov duab pops tuaj rau ntawm lub thawv thaum twg muaj lus ceeb toom tshwm sim. Txhim kho qhov kev pab no kom tsis tseeb tsis mloog cov lus ceeb toom.

(hoob FontList)

Teev lub npe ntawm cov ntawv uas xav tau los siv rau hauv cov ntawv sau ua qauv. Lub neej ntawd yog 14 point Helvetica.

font [1-9] (hoob Font [1-9])

Teev lub npe ntawm tus qauv uas koj nyiam siv thaum uas sau cov duab thaij duab nrog cov ntawv. Cov default fonts yog tsau, kuj sib txawv thiab, 5x8, 6x10, 7x13bold, 8x13bold, 9x15bold, 10x20, thiab 12x24.

foreground (hoob Foreground)

Teev cov xim uas nyiam dua los siv rau cov ntawv nyeem hauv qhov rais window. Lub neej ntawd yog xim dub.

gammaCorrect (hoob gammaCorrect)

Qhov kev pab no, yog tias muaj tseeb, yuav qis los sis tsaus ua ib qho duab ntawm gamma paub kom haum cov gamma ntawm cov zaub (saib resourceGamma). Lub neej ntawd yeej muaj tseeb.

Geometry (chav kawm Geometry)

Qhia meej txog qhov loj me me thiab qhov chaw ntawm daim duab qhov rai. Nws tsis yog qhov kev mloog lus los ntawm txhua tus neeg tswj xyuas qhov rai.

Cov tawm, yog tias tam sim no, yog coj los siv hauv X (1) style. Ib qho tsis zoo x offset yog ntsuas los ntawm txoj cai ntug ntawm qhov screen rau txoj cai ntug ntawm lub cim, thiab qhov tsis zoo y offset yog ntsuas hauv qab ntug ntawm qhov screen rau hauv qab ntug ntawm lub cim.

iconGeometry (hoob IconGeometry)

Qhia meej txog qhov loj me me thiab qhov chaw ntawm daim ntawv thov thaum iconified. Nws tsis yog qhov kev mloog lus los ntawm txhua tus neeg tswj xyuas qhov rai.

Cov haujlwm, yog tias tam sim no, yog siv tib yam li hauv hoob Geometry.

iconic (chav kawm Iconic)

Qhov kev qhia no qhia tau tias koj xav tau tias daim ntawv thov lub qhov rai pib tsis pom zoo ib yam li yog lub qhov rais qhib qhov chaw tshiab los ntawm koj. Cov kws tswj qhov rai muaj peev xwm xaiv tau los tsis ua raws li daim ntawv thov.

magnify (hoob Magnify)

qhia txog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj uas yog daim duab yuav tsum loj hlob. Lub neej ntawd yog 3. Cov nqi no tsuas cuam tshuam lub tshuab qhov rai (magnification window) uas yog siv khawm nab npawb 3 tom qab daim duab tso tawm.

matteColor (hoob MatteColor)

Qhia kom meej cov xim ntawm qhov rais. Nws yog siv rau cov keeb kwm ntawm qhov rais, cov ntawv qhia, thiab cov ntawv ceeb toom. Ib qho 3D effect yog tiav los ntawm kev siv highlight thiab duab ntxoov ntxoo xim muab tau los ntawm cov xim no. Tus nqi pheej yig: # 697B8F.

npe (chav kawm npe)

Cov ntaub ntawv no qhia txog lub npe raws li cov kev pab cuam rau daim ntawv thov. Qhov kev pab no siv tau rau hauv cov neeg plhis kab lus qhia kom paub qhov txawv ntawm cov kev thov ntawm kev siv, tsis muaj kev txhawb tsim kev txuas mus hloov cov ntaub ntawv foob. Lub neej yog daim ntawv thov.

tus cwj mem [1-9] (hoob kawm ntawv [1-9]).

Qhia cov xim ntawm cov ntawv siv dua thaum siv cov duab thaij duab nrog cov ntawv. Cov xim tsis yog xim dub, xiav, ntsuab, cyan, grey, liab, magenta, daj, thiab dawb.

printCommand (chav kawm PrintCommand)

Qhov kev hais kom ua no yog tseg thaum sau ntawv tuaj. Feem ntau, nws yog lo lus txib sau PostScript rau koj lub tshuab luam ntawv. Tus nqi pheej yig: lp -c -s% i.

sharedMemory (chav kawm SharedMemory)

Cov ntaub ntawv no qhia tias seb cov zaub yuav tsum sim siv kev cim xeeb rau pixmaps. ImageMagick yuav tsum tau muab tso ua ke nrog kev pab txhawb kev nco, thiab cov duab yuav tsum txhawb MIT-SHM txuas. Txwv tsis pub, qhov kev pab no raug tsis lees paub. Lub neej ntawd yeej muaj tseeb.

textFont (hoob ntawv textFont)

Teev lub npe ntawm tus qauv uas koj nyiam siv hauv cov ntawv sau (typewriter style) formatted. Lub neej ntawd yog 14 point Courier.

npe ( npe hauv chav kawm)

Cov khoom siv no qhia txog lub npe uas siv rau qhov rai duab. Cov ntaub ntawv no qee zaum siv los ntawm tus thawj tswj qhov rai kom muab lub taub hau cim rau lub qhov rais. Lub neej ntawd yog daim duab lub npe.

undoCache (chav kawm UndoCache)

Specifies, nyob rau hauv mega-bytes, npaum li cas nco hauv undo edit cache. Txhua lub sij hawm koj hloov cov duab nws yog rua hauv undo hloov cache ntev li ntev tau muaj. Koj tuaj yeem tshem rov qab ib los yog ntau dua ntawm cov kev hloov no. Lub neej ntawd yog 16 Megabytes.

sivPixmap (chav siv UsePixmap)

Dluab raug khaws cia ua XImage los ntawm lub neej. Teem cov kev pab no kom tseeb uas yuav siv cov Pixmap neeg rau zaub mov xwb. Qhov kev xaiv no yog qhov tseem ceeb yog tias koj daim duab ntau tshaj qhov ntev ntawm koj cov neeg rau zaub mov screen thiab koj npaj siab yuav laub daim duab. Panning yog sai dua nrog Pixmaps dua nrog ib tus XImage. Pixmaps yog suav tias yog ib qho khoom muaj nuj nqis, siv lawv txoj kev txiav txim siab.

Txheeb xyuas qhov Geometry ntawm Magnify lossis yias los yog qhov rai, siv qhov chaw geometry. Piv txwv, txhawm rau tso rau hauv lub qhov rai seem ntawm 256 x 256, siv:

display.pan.geometry: 256x256

Duab LOADING

Yuav xaiv ib qho duab los tso saib, xaiv Qhib ntawm cov ntaub ntawv cov ntawv qhia zaub mov ntawm qhov hais kom ua widget. Ib cov ntaub ntawv browser pom. Xaiv ib cov ntaub ntawv duab, txav tus pointer rau lub filename thiab nias lub khawm. Lub filename yog theej rau cov ntawv nyeem qhov rai. Tom ntej no, nias Qhib lossis nias qhov tseem ceeb. Xwb, koj tuaj yeem sau cov duab ntawm lub npe ncaj qha rau hauv cov ntawv nyeem qhov rai. Yuav kom poob nqis, xaiv ib lub npe thiab nias lub khawm ob zaug ceev nrooj. Lub scrollbar tso cai rau ib daim ntawv teev npe ntawm cov ntaub ntawv loj kom tawm tau los ntawm cheeb tsam saib yog tias nws tshaj qhov loj ntawm daim ntawv teev npe.

Koj tuaj yeem luas daim ntawv teev cov npe ntawm cov npe uas siv cov cim ntsa globbing. Piv txwv, ntaus * .jpg los sau cov ntaub ntawv uas xaus nrog .jpg.

Xaiv koj tus duab los ntawm X cov neeg rau zaub mov Xerox tsis hloov ntawm cov ntaub ntawv, Xaiv tus Npe ntawm Open Widget.

VISUAL duab DIRECTORY

Los tsim ib qhov Visual Directory, xaiv Visual Directory ntawm cov ntaub ntawv sub-zaub mov los ntawm qhov Command widget. Ib cov ntaub ntawv browser pom. Los tsim ib phau duab pom duab los ntawm tag nrho cov duab nyob hauv phau ntawv qhia tam sim no, nias Xov Xwm los yog nias qhov YUAM qhov tseem ceeb . Xwb, koj tuaj yeem xaiv ib cov npe duab los ntawm kev siv plhaub globbing cim. Piv txwv, ntaus * .jpg kom muaj cov ntaub ntawv tsuas xaus nrog .jpg. Yuav kom poob nqis, xaiv ib lub npe thiab nias lub khawm ob zaug ceev nrooj. Lub scrollbar tso cai rau ib daim ntawv teev npe ntawm cov ntaub ntawv loj kom tawm tau los ntawm cheeb tsam saib yog tias nws tshaj qhov loj ntawm daim ntawv teev npe.

Tom qab koj xaiv ib txheej ntawm cov ntaub ntawv, lawv muab rau hauv thumbnails thiab tiled mus rau ib tus duab tib. Tam sim no tsiv mus rau tus pointer mus rau ib qho kev thumbnail thiab nias khawm 3 thiab luag. Thaum kawg, xaiv Qhib. Daim duab uas sawv cev los ntawm tus thumbnail qhia txog nws qhov puv loj. Xaiv Tom ntej los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv sub-zaub mov ntawm qhov hais kom ua widget rov qab mus rau qhov Visual Image Directory.

Image txiav

Nco ntsoov tias cov ntaub ntawv txiav tawm rau duab qhov rai tsis khaws cia rau cov neeg saib xyuas X cov neeg saib xyuas (xws li StaticColor , StaticColor , GRAYScale , PseudoColor ). Kho cov cwj pwm txiav txim tej zaum yuav tsum muaj TrueColor los yog DirectColor nrig txog kev pom los yog Tus Txheej Txheem Cai .

Yuav pib, nias xaiv Txiav ntawm Kev Hloov Kho Kev Tshawb Fawb ntawm cov Lus Cog Tseg. Xwb, nias F3 hauv daim duab qhov rai.

Ib lub qhov rai me me tshwm ntawm qhov chaw ntawm tus cursor hauv daim duab qhov rai. Koj yog tam sim no nyob rau hauv txiav hom. Hauv hom txiav, qhov hais kom ua widget muaj cov kev xaiv no:

Pab
Tso tawm

Los txhais tau lub cheeb tsam txiav, nyem khawm 1 thiab luag. Lub cheeb tsam txiav yog txhais los ntawm cov duab plaub sab nraud uas nthuav lossis sib cog lus raws li nws tau ua raws cov pointer. Thaum koj txaus siab rau cheeb tsam txiav, tso lub pob. Koj yog tam sim no hauv rectify hom. Hauv rectify hom, qhov hais kom ua widget muaj cov kev xaiv:

Txiav
Pab
Tso tawm

Koj tuaj yeem hloov tau los ntawm txav tus pointer mus rau ib qho ntawm cov voos plaub hau, pib khawm, thiab luag. Thaum kawg, nias txiav tawm tsam koj cheeb tsam thaj tsam. Yuav tawm tsis tau txiav cov duab, nias Dismiss.

DUAB COPYING

Yuav pib, nias xaiv Tsab Ntawv ntawm Kev Tshawb Fawb ncua tseg ntawm cov Lus Txuas Teb. Xwb, nias F4 hauv daim duab qhov rai.

Ib lub qhov rai me me tshwm ntawm qhov chaw ntawm tus cursor hauv daim duab qhov rai. Koj yog tam sim no nyob rau hauv daim qauv hom. Nyob rau hauv hom ntawv, qhov hais kom ua widget muaj cov kev xaiv no:

Pab
Tso tawm

Los txhais ib thaj av, nyem khawm 1 thiab luag. Daim npav thaj tsam yog txhais los ntawm cov duab plaub sab nrauv uas nthuav lossis sib cog lus raws li nws tau ua raws cov pointer. Thaum koj txaus siab rau daim ntawv thaj av, tso lub pob ntawd. Koj yog tam sim no hauv rectify hom. Hauv rectify hom, qhov hais kom ua widget muaj cov kev xaiv:

Luam
Pab
Tso tawm

Koj tuaj yeem ua kom hloov tau los ntawm txav tus pointer rau ib qho ntawm cov duab plaub fab voos, nias lub khawm, thiab luag. Thaum kawg, nias luam mus ua koj daim ntawv thaj tsam. Kom tawm tsis tau luam daim duab, nias Dismiss.

IMAGE PASTING

Yuav pib, nias xaiv Paste ntawm Kev Hloov ntawm cov ntawv qhia zaub mov ntawm cov Lus Cog Tseg. Xwb, nias F5 hauv daim duab qhov rai.

Ib lub qhov rai me me tshwm ntawm qhov chaw ntawm tus cursor hauv daim duab qhov rai. Koj yog tam sim no nyob rau hauv Muab tshuaj. Kom tawm tam sim ntawd, nias Dismiss. Nyob rau hauv Muab tshuaj hom, qhov hais kom ua widget muaj cov kev xaiv no:

Cov neeg tsav tsheb

dhau
hauv
tawm
atop
xor
ntxiv rau
rho tawm
ntxiv
rho tawm
qhov sib txawv
multiply
bumpmap
hloov

Pab
Tso tawm

Xaiv tus txheej txheem ua hauj lwm los ntawm tus neeg teb xov tooj ntawm cov lus hais kom ua. Yuav ua li cas txhua tus neeg tsav tsheb ua haujlwm tau piav qhia hauv qab no. daim duab qhov rais yog daim duab tam sim no tso tawm rau ntawm koj tus X neeg rau zaub mov thiab daim duab yog daim duab nrog rau File Browser widget.

dhau

Qhov tshwm sim yog lub union ntawm ob daim duab duab, nrog cov duab obscuring duab qhov rais hauv cheeb tsam ntawm sib tshooj.

hauv

Qhov tshwm sim tsuas yog muab cov duab txiav los ntawm cov duab duab qhov rais . Tsis muaj cov duab cov duab ntawm daim duab qhov rais yog qhov tshwm sim.

tawm

Lub cev duab yog duab nrog cov duab ntawm daim duab qhov rais txiav tawm.

atop

Qhov tshwm sim yog tib yam li duab qhov rai , nrog cov duab obscuring duab qhov rais uas qhov duab ua duab sib tshooj. Nco qhov txawv ntawm qhov txawv vim qhov seem ntawm daim duab sab nrauv duab qhov rai tus duab tsis pom tshwm sim.

xor

Qhov tshwm sim yog daim duab cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm ob qho tib si duab thiab duab qhov rai uas tawm sab nraud ntawm thaj chaw sib tshooj. Lub cheeb tsam sib tshooj yog qhov chaw seem.

ntxiv rau

Qhov tshwm sim yog qhov sib npaug ntawm cov duab cov ntaub ntawv xwb. Cov zis tawm qhov tsim muaj qoob loo rau 255 (tsis muaj txeej). Txoj haujlwm no ywj siab ntawm txoj kev ua mattees.

rho tawm

Qhov tshwm sim ntawm daim duab - daim duab qhov rai , nrog underflow cropped rau xoom. Lub matte channel yog ignored (teem rau 255, tag nrho cov kev pab them nqi).

ntxiv

Qhov tshwm sim ntawm daim duab + daim duab qhov rai , nrog txav thaj chaw ncig (mod 256).

rho tawm

Qhov tshwm sim ntawm daim duab - daim duab qhov rai , nrog cov ntawv ntim hauv qab (mod 256). Cov neeg ua haujlwm ntxiv thiab rho tawm siv tau los ua cov hloov kev hloov tshiab.

qhov sib txawv

Qhov tshwm sim ntawm abs ( duab - daim duab qhov rai ). Qhov no pab tau kom muab piv ob yam zoo sib xws.

multiply

Qhov tshwm sim ntawm daim duab * daim duab qhov rai . Qhov no yog pab rau cov creation ntawm ntxoov ntxoo.

bumpmap

Qhov tshwm sim ntawm daim duab qhov rai los ntawm qhov rais .

hloov

Lub cev duab yog duab window hloov nrog duab . Ntawm no cov lus qhia matte yog ignored.

Cov duab compositor yuav tsum muaj matte, lossis alpha channel hauv daim duab rau qee cov haujlwm. Qhov kev txuas ntxiv no feem ntau yog siv lub npog ntsej muag uas yog nruab nrab ntawm ib qho khoom qab zib-tshuab txav rau daim duab. Qhov no yog rooj plaub thaum matte 255 (tag nrho cov kev pab them nqi) rau pixels hauv cov duab, pes tsawg sab nraud, thiab ntawm zero thiab 255 ntawm tus ciam teb. Yog hais tias cov duab tsis muaj cov duab matte, nws yog initialized nrog 0 rau cov pixel txuam xim nyob rau pixel qhov chaw (0,0), txwv tsis pub 255. Saib Matte Editing rau ib txoj kev los txhais cov duab matte.

Nco ntsoov tias cov ntaub ntawv matte rau duab qhov rai tsis khaws cia rau cov neeg saib xyuas X cov neeg saib xyuas (xws li StaticColor, StaticColor, GrayScale, PseudoColor ). Txoj kev sau tus cwj pwm kom zoo yuav tsum muaj TrueColor lossis DirectColor nrig txog kev pom los yog Tus Txheej Txheem Txoj Cai .

Xaiv tus neeg teb xov tooj yog xaiv tau. Tus neeg teb xov tooj yuam kev yog hloov. Txawm li cas los xij, koj yuav tsum xaiv qhov chaw kom muab koj tus duab thiab nias lub khawm 1. Nias thiab tuav lub khawm ua ntej tso tawm thiab tus qauv ntawm daim duab yuav tshwm los pab koj paub koj qhov chaw.

Qhov tseeb cov xim ntawm cov duab uas tau muab pov tseg tau txais kev cawmdim. Txawm li cas los xij, xim uas tshwm nyob hauv daim duab qhov rai yuav txawv. Piv txwv, nyob rau ntawm lub vijtsam duab monochrome yuav tshwm dub lossis dawb txawm tias koj tus duab pasted yuav muaj ntau yam xim. Yog hais tias daim duab cia rau ib daim ntawv nws sau nrog cov xim kom yog. Kom paub tseeb tias cov xim tseeb yog raug cawm nyob rau hauv cov duab kawg, cov duab PseudoClass yog nce mus rau DirectClass . Yuav kom yuam PseudoClass duab los nyob twj ywm PseudoClass , siv -colors .

Duab CROPPING

Yuav pib, nias xaiv qoob loo ntawm Transform submenu los ntawm qhov Command widget. Xwb, nyem [hauv daim duab qhov rai.

Ib lub qhov rai me me tshwm ntawm qhov chaw ntawm tus cursor hauv daim duab qhov rai. Koj yog tam sim no nyob rau hauv qoob loo hom. Nyob rau hauv qoob loo hom, qhov hais kom ua widget muaj cov kev xaiv no:

Pab
Tso tawm

Kom txhais tau tias yog thaj chaw cropping, nias khawm 1 thiab luag. Lub cheeb tsam cropping yog txhais los ntawm ib cov duab plaub sab nrauv uas nthuav lossis sib cog lus raws li nws ua raws cov pointer. Thaum koj txaus siab rau thaj tsam cropping, tso lub pob. Koj yog tam sim no hauv rectify hom. Hauv rectify hom, qhov hais kom ua widget muaj cov kev xaiv:

Qoob loo
Pab
Tso tawm

Koj tuaj yeem ua kom hloov tau los ntawm tsiv tus pointer mus rau ib qho ntawm cov duab qeeb voos plaub hau, nias lub khawm, thiab luag. Thaum kawg, nias qoob loo los ua koj thaj tsam ntawm thaj chaw. Tshem tawm tsis muaj cropping daim duab, nias Dismiss.

YOG CHOPPING

Tus duab yog tws interactively. Yog tsis muaj kev sib cav cov lus sib cav los chop ib qho duab. Pib, xaiv Chop ntawm Transform sub-zaub mov los ntawm kev hais kom ua widget. Xwb, nias] nyob rau hauv Duab qhov rai.

Koj yog tam sim no nyob rau hauv Chop hom. Kom tawm tam sim ntawd, nias Dismiss . Hauv Chop hom, qhov hais kom ua widget muaj cov kev xaiv no:

Kev taw qhia

Kab rov tav
ntsug

Pab
Tso tawm

Yog tias koj xaiv lub kab sab tav toj (qhov no yog qhov tseeb), thaj tsam ntawm daim duab ntawm ob kab rov tav endpoints ntawm chop kab yog muab tshem tawm. Txwv tsis pub, thaj chaw ntawm daim duab ntawm ob qho kev ntsug ntawm qhov kab ntawm chop raug tshem tawm.

Xaiv qhov chaw nyob hauv daim duab qhov rais kom pib koj chop, nias thiab tuav ib lub pob. Tom ntej, txav tus pointer mus rau lwm qhov chaw hauv daim duab. Thaum koj txav ib txoj kab yuav txuas qhov chaw pib thiab tus pointer. Thaum koj tso lub khawm, cheeb tsam hauv cov duab los chop yog txiav txim siab raws li cov kev taw qhia twg koj xaiv los ntawm qhov Txuas Lus Thaj Tsam.

Txhawm rau rho tawm cov duab chopping, txav tus pointer rov qab rau qhov pib ntawm txoj kab thiab tso khawm.

HOM PHIAJ LI CAS

Nias lub / qhov tseem ceeb los hloov cov duab 90 degrees los yog kom tig -90 degrees. Los ua ke los xaiv cov degree ntawm kev sib hloov, xaiv Rotate ... ntawm Transform submenu los ntawm qhov Command Widget. Xwb, nyem * hauv daim duab qhov rai.

Ib txoj kab me me kab ntawm thaj tsam ntawm tus pointer. Koj yog tam sim no hauv hom hom. Kom tawm tam sim ntawd, nias Dismiss. Nyob rau hauv hom hom, qhov hais kom ua widget muaj cov kev xaiv no:

Pixel xim

dub
xiav
cyan
ntsuab
grey
liab
magenta
daj
dawb
Browser ...

Kev taw qhia

Kab rov tav
ntsug

Qoob loo

cuav
muaj tseeb

Hli

cuav
muaj tseeb

Pab
Tso tawm

Xaiv xim tom qab ntawm Pixel Colour sub-menu. Cov xim ntxiv tom qab tuaj yeem sau nrog xim browser. Koj tuaj yeem hloov cov xim txheej txheem los ntawm qhov teebmeem X cov ntaub ntawv pen1 dhau los ntawm pen9.

Yog tias koj xaiv xim browser thiab nias Grab , koj tuaj yeem xaiv xim tom qab los ntawm kev hloov tus pointer mus rau yam xim ntawm lub vijtsam thiab nias lub khawm.

Xaiv tus taw tes rau hauv daim duab qhov rai thiab nias qhov khawm thiab tuav. Tom ntej, txav tus pointer mus rau lwm qhov chaw hauv daim duab. Thaum koj txav ib txoj kab txuas pib qhov chaw pib thiab tus pointer. Thaum koj tso lub khawm, qhov kev sib tw ntawm daim duab tig tau txiav txim los ntawm txoj kab nqes ntawm txoj kab uas koj nyuam qhuav kos. Tus nqes hav yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau cov kev taw qhia uas koj xaiv los ntawm cov Kev Tshawb Fawb ntawm cov Lus Cog Tseg.

Txhawm rau rho tawm cov duab hloov, txav tus pointer rov qab mus rau qhov pib ntawm txoj kab thiab tso khawm.

IMAGE SEGMENTATION

Xaiv Qhov Teebmeem-> Segment rau ntu ib qho duab los ntawm kev soj ntsuam cov histograms ntawm cov xim yam ntxwv thiab cim cov units uas muaj homogeneous nrog cov kev xav paub meej c-txhais lus. Qhov chaw lim-qhov chaw ntsuas cov histograms ntawm peb yam xim ntawm daim duab thiab cim cov txheej txheem. Cov ntiv tes ntawm txhua chav kawm yog siv los ua kom zoo nkauj ntu cov duab nrog thresholding. Cov xim uas muaj feem rau txhua chav kawm yog txiav txim siab los ntawm qhov xim ntawm tag nrho cov pixels hauv qab ntawm cov chav kawm. Thaum kawg, tej pixels tsis raug cai raug muab xa mus rau chav kawm ze tshaj nrog cov tswv yim c. Lub fuzzy c-txhais tau algorithm tau muab sau ua ke raws li nram no:

Tsim ib cov histogram, ib qho rau txhua qhov xim ntawm daim duab.
Rau txhua cov histogram, rov qab siv qhov chaw lim-qhov chaw thiab tsim kom muaj qhov ntoo ntawm lub voj voog ntawm ob lub qhov rooj ntawm ob qho tib si. Tshawb xyuas qhov kev ntsuas qhov chaw "ntiv tes" los txiav txim siab uas cov roob los yog cov kwj ha hauv cov histogram feem ntau yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws.
Cov taub ntiv tes taw qhia cov caij nyoog ntawm cov axis ntawm cov histogram. Txhua lub caij nyoog muaj qhov tsawg tshaj plaws los yog tsawg dua hauv qhov teeb meem qub. Yog hais tias txhua qhov xim tivthaiv nyob rau hauv lub tsho tshaj tawm, qhov pixel yog xav txog "classified" thiab raug muab tso rau hauv chav kawm tshwj xeeb.
Cov pixel uas tsis ua haujlwm nyob rau hauv cov ntawv pov thawj saum toj no yog tso cais siv cov txheej txheem fuzzy c-Means. Nws tau raug xa mus rau ib qho ntawm cov kev kawm uas tau pom nyob rau hauv cov qauv histogram.

Txoj kev tshawb fawb c-txhais tau hais tias yuav ua kom muaj ib qho pixel los ntawm kev nrhiav cov neeg tsawg minima ntawm qhov kev sib koom ua ke hauv pab pawg neeg ntawm cov phiaj xwm yuam kev. Ib qho pixel raug tso rau hauv chav kawm ze tshaj plaws uas cov tswvcuab sib koom tes muaj nqi ntau kawg nkaus.

Rau cov lus qhia ntxiv: Young Won Lim, Sang Uk Lee , " Ntawm Cov Xim Ceg Xim Algorithm Raws Li Thresholding thiab Cov Kev Cuab Yooj Yim C-Means Ua Tau ", Qib Kev Lees, Ntim 23, Naj Npawb 9, nplooj ntawv 935-952, 1990.

DUAB DAIM NTAWV

Ib qho duab yog saib tau ntawm tus kheej. Yog tsis muaj cov kab kev hais kom sib cav los piav txog tus duab. Yuav pib, xaiv Annotate ntawm Image Image hloov sub-menu los ntawm qhov Command widget. Xwb, nias ib qho nyob hauv daim duab qhov rai.

Ib lub qhov rai me me tshwm ntawm qhov chaw ntawm tus cursor hauv daim duab qhov rai. Koj yog tam sim no nyob rau hauv hom ntawv. Kom tawm tam sim ntawd, nias Dismiss. Nyob rau hauv hom ntawv sau, qhov hais kom ua widget muaj cov kev xaiv no:

Font Lub Npe

tsau
kuj sib txawv thiab
5 x 8
6 x 10
7x13 xuab moos
8x13 xuab moos
9x15bold
10 x 20
12 x 24
Browser ...

Font xim

dub
xiav
cyan
ntsuab
grey
liab
magenta
daj
dawb
pob tshab
Browser ...

Kem Xim

dub
xiav
cyan
ntsuab
grey
liab
magenta
daj
dawb
pob tshab
Browser ...

Siv cov ntawv nyeem

-90
-45
-30
0
30
45
90
180
Dialog ...

Pab
Tso tawm

Xaiv ib lub npe font los ntawm Font Name sub-menu. Cov font npe ntxiv tuaj yeem sau nrog cov xim browser. Koj tuaj yeem hloov cov npe ntawm cov npe los ntawm kev teev cov X cov ntaub ntawv font1 los ntawm font9.

Xaiv font xim los ntawm Font xim sub-menu. Ntxiv xim xim tau sau nrog xim browser. Koj tuaj yeem hloov cov xim txheej txheem los ntawm qhov teebmeem X cov ntaub ntawv pen1 dhau los ntawm pen9.

Yog tias koj xaiv xim browser thiab nias Grab , koj tuaj yeem xaiv xim xim los hloov cov pointer mus rau yam xim ntawm lub vijtsam thiab nias lub khawm.

Yog tias koj xaiv hloov cov ntawv nyeem, xaiv cov ntawv nyeem Rotate los ntawm cov ntawv qhia zaub mov thiab xaiv ib lub kaum sab xis. Feem ntau koj tsuas xav hloov ib kab ntawv ntawm ib lub sijhawm. Nyob ntawm lub kaum sab xis uas koj xaiv, cov kab tom qab yuav xaus tau ib leeg dhau ib leeg.

Xaiv ib font thiab nws cov xim yog xaiv tau. Lub font vim yog tsau thiab lub neej xim yog xim dub. Txawm li cas los xij, koj yuav tsum xaiv qhov chaw pib sau cov ntawv thiab nias lub khawm. Lub cim underscore yuav tshwm ntawm qhov chaw ntawm tus pointer. Tus cursor hloov rau ib tus cwj mem los qhia tias koj nyob hauv cov ntawv nyeem. Kom tawm tam sim ntawd, nias Dismiss.

Hauv cov ntawv nyeem, muaj cov xovxwm tseem ceeb yuav tso tus cwj pwm ntawm tus cwj pwm thiab pib ua tus cursor hauv qab. Sau koj cov ntawv nyeem thiab ib zaug ua tiav xovxwm Thov kom tag koj cov duab annotation. Txhim kho qhov yuam kev lawm nias BACK SPACE . Los rho tawm ib kab tag nrho ntawm cov ntawv nyeem, nias DELETE . Cov ntawv nyeem uas tshaj qhov ciam teb ntawm daim duab qhov rais tau cia txuas ntxiv mus rau kab tom ntej.

Qhov tseeb xim koj thov rau font yog rua hauv daim duab. Txawm li cas los xij, cov xim uas tshwm hauv koj lub vev xaib Dua kuj yuav txawv. Piv txwv, ntawm ib qho screen monochrome cov ntawv nyeem yuav tshwm dub los yog dawb txawm hais tias koj xaiv xim liab li xim xim. Txawm li cas los xij, daim duab tau txais kev cawmdim rau cov ntaub ntawv nrog -write yog sau nrog cov ntawv liab. Yuav kom paub tseeb tias cov xim muaj tseeb hauv daim duab kawg, cov duab PseudoClass yog nce mus rau DirectClass (saib miff (5)). Yuav kom yuam PseudoClass duab los nyob twj ywm PseudoClass , siv -colors .

YAM COMPOSITING

Ib qho duab ntawm cov duab yog tsim ua ke. Yog tsis muaj kev sib cav cov lus sib cav los ua ke ntawm cov duab . Yuav pib, xaiv Composite ntawm Image Image hloov los ntawm tus hais kom ua widget. Xwb, nias x hauv daim duab qhov rai.

Ua ntej pib qhov rai popup tuaj yeem pom tias koj sau tus duab lub npe. Nias Composite , Lauj xibnas lossis ntaus ib lub npe. Tshem Xovxwm Yog tias koj xaiv tsis tsim cov duab sib txuas. Thaum koj xaiv Grab , txav tus pointer mus rau lub qhov rais desired thiab nias lub khawm.

Yog hais tias Composite cov duab tsis muaj cov ntaub ntawv matte, koj paub thiab cov ntaub ntawv browser rov sau dua. Sau lub npe ntawm lub npog ntsej muag. Daim duab no feem ntau grayscale thiab tib me me raws li cov duab sib xyaw. Yog hais tias daim duab tsis grayscale, nws hloov dua siab tshiab rau cov grayscale thiab cov txiaj ntsim ntawm qhov kev siv los siv ua cov ntaub ntawv matte.

Ib lub qhov rai me me tshwm ntawm qhov chaw ntawm tus cursor hauv daim duab qhov rai. Koj yog tam sim no hauv cov kab hom. Kom tawm tam sim ntawd, nias Dismiss. Hauv kev sib xyaw hom, qhov hais kom ua widget muaj cov kev xaiv no:

Cov neeg tsav tsheb

dhau
hauv
tawm
atop
xor
ntxiv rau
rho tawm
ntxiv
rho tawm
qhov sib txawv
bumpmap
hloov

Blend
Chaw ua si
Pab
Tso tawm

Xaiv tus txheej txheem ua hauj lwm los ntawm tus neeg teb xov tooj ntawm cov lus hais kom ua. Yuav ua li cas txhua tus neeg tsav tsheb ua haujlwm tau piav qhia hauv qab no. daim duab qhov rai yog daim duab tam sim no tso tawm ntawm koj tus X neeg rau zaub mov thiab daim duab yog daim duab tau

dhau

Qhov tshwm sim yog lub union ntawm ob daim duab duab, nrog cov duab obscuring duab qhov rais hauv cheeb tsam ntawm sib tshooj.

hauv

Qhov tshwm sim tsuas yog muab cov duab txiav los ntawm cov duab duab qhov rais . Tsis muaj cov duab cov duab ntawm daim duab qhov rais yog qhov tshwm sim.

tawm

Lub cev duab yog duab nrog cov duab ntawm daim duab qhov rais txiav tawm.

atop

Qhov tshwm sim yog tib yam li duab qhov rai , nrog cov duab obscuring duab qhov rais uas qhov duab ua duab sib tshooj. Nco qhov txawv ntawm qhov txawv vim qhov seem ntawm daim duab sab nrauv duab qhov rai tus duab tsis pom tshwm sim.

xor

Qhov tshwm sim yog daim duab cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm ob qho tib si duab thiab duab qhov rai uas tawm sab nraud ntawm thaj chaw sib tshooj. Lub cheeb tsam sib tshooj yog qhov chaw seem.

ntxiv rau

Qhov tshwm sim yog qhov sib npaug ntawm cov duab cov ntaub ntawv xwb. Cov zis tawm qhov tsim muaj qoob loo rau 255 (tsis muaj txeej). Txoj haujlwm no ywj siab ntawm txoj kev ua mattees.

rho tawm

Qhov tshwm sim ntawm daim duab - daim duab qhov rai , nrog underflow cropped rau xoom. Lub matte channel yog ignored (teem rau 255, tag nrho cov kev pab them nqi).

ntxiv

Qhov tshwm sim ntawm daim duab + daim duab qhov rai , nrog txav thaj chaw ncig (mod 256).

rho tawm

Qhov tshwm sim ntawm daim duab - daim duab qhov rai , nrog cov ntawv ntim hauv qab (mod 256). Cov neeg ua haujlwm ntxiv thiab rho tawm siv tau los ua cov hloov kev hloov tshiab.

qhov sib txawv

Qhov tshwm sim ntawm abs ( duab - daim duab qhov rai ). Qhov no pab tau kom muab piv ob yam zoo sib xws.

bumpmap

Qhov tshwm sim ntawm daim duab qhov rai los ntawm qhov rais .

hloov

Lub cev duab yog duab window hloov nrog duab . Ntawm no cov lus qhia matte yog ignored.

Cov duab compositor yuav tsum muaj matte, lossis alpha channel hauv daim duab rau qee cov haujlwm. Qhov kev txuas ntxiv no feem ntau yog siv lub npog ntsej muag uas yog nruab nrab ntawm ib qho khoom qab zib-tshuab txav rau daim duab. Qhov no yog rooj plaub thaum matte 255 (tag nrho cov kev pab them nqi) rau pixels hauv cov duab, pes tsawg sab nraud, thiab ntawm zero thiab 255 ntawm tus ciam teb. Yog hais tias cov duab tsis muaj cov duab matte, nws yog initialized nrog 0 rau cov pixel txuam xim nyob rau pixel qhov chaw (0,0), txwv tsis pub 255. Saib Matte Editing rau ib txoj kev los txhais cov duab matte.

Yog tias koj xaiv sib tov , tus neeg teb xov tooj sib xyaw ua ke . Cov duab matte channel feem pua ​​yog pib rau qhov zoo tshaj. Cov duab thaij duab yog pib rau (100-factor). Qhov zoo tshaj yuav yog tus nqi uas koj hais qhia hauv Dialog widget.

Displace txig cov duab pixels raws li tau teev tseg los ntawm daim ntawv qhia kev hloov chaw. Nrog rau qhov kev xaiv no, duab siv los ua daim ntawv qhia kev hloov chaw. Dub, nyob rau hauv daim ntawv qhia tawm, yog qhov siab tshaj tawm. Dawb yog qhov siab tshaj tawm tsis zoo thiab nruab nrab grey yog nruab nrab. Cov xaav scaled los txiav txim siab pixel ua haujlwm. Yog lub neej ua ntej, qhov kev xa tawm siv rau hauv cov kab lus thiab txoj kev qhia. Txawm li cas los xij, yog tias koj muab lub npog ntsej muag , duab yog tus X daim ntawv xa tawm thiab daim npog qhov ntswg Y xa tawm.

Nco ntsoov tias cov ntaub ntawv matte rau duab qhov rai tsis khaws cia rau cov neeg saib xyuas X cov neeg saib xyuas (xws li StaticColor, StaticColor, GrayScale, PseudoColor ). Txoj kev sau tus cwj pwm kom zoo yuav tsum muaj TrueColor lossis DirectColor nrig txog kev pom los yog Tus Txheej Txheem Txoj Cai .

Xaiv tus neeg teb xov tooj yog xaiv tau. Tus neeg teb xov tooj yuam kev yog hloov. Txawm li cas los xij, koj yuav tsum xaiv qhov chaw kom muab koj tus duab thiab nias lub khawm 1. Nias thiab tuav lub khawm ua ntej tso tawm thiab tus qauv ntawm daim duab yuav tshwm los pab koj paub koj qhov chaw.

Qhov tseeb xim ntawm cov duab thev duab tau txais kev cawmdim. Txawm li cas los xij, xim uas tshwm nyob hauv daim duab qhov rai yuav txawv. Piv txwv, ntawm ib qho screen monochrome Duab qhov rai yuav tshwm sim dub los yog dawb txawm tias koj tus duab thaij yuav muaj ntau xim. Yog hais tias daim duab cia rau ib daim ntawv nws sau nrog cov xim kom yog. Kom paub tseeb tias cov xim tseeb yog raug cawm nyob rau hauv cov duab kawg, cov duab PseudoClass yog nce mus rau DirectClass (saib miff). Yuav kom yuam PseudoClass duab los nyob twj ywm PseudoClass , siv -colors .

COLOUR EDITING

Hloov cov xim ntawm ib pawg pixels tau ua interactively. Yog tsis muaj cov kab kev hais kom ua los hloov pixel. Yuav pib, xaiv Xim ntawm Cov Duab Hloov Kho ntawm Submenu ntawm qhov Command widget. Xwb, nias c rau hauv daim duab qhov rai.

Ib lub qhov rai me me tshwm ntawm qhov chaw ntawm tus cursor hauv daim duab qhov rai. Koj yog tam sim no nyob rau hauv cov xim hloov hom. Kom tawm tam sim ntawd, nias Dismiss . Hauv kev xaiv xim, qhov hais kom ua widget muaj cov kev xaiv no:

Txoj kev

taw tes
hloov
dej nyab
pib dua

Pixel xim

dub
xiav
cyan
ntsuab
grey
liab
magenta
daj
dawb
Browser ...

Ciam Xim Xim

dub
xiav
cyan
ntsuab
grey
liab
magenta
daj
dawb
Browser ...

Fuzz

0
2
4
8
16
Dialog ...

Undo
Pab
Tso tawm

Xaiv cov xim txheej txheem ntawm cov qauv kev ua lag luam ntawm qhov hais kom ua. Qhov point point recolors twg pixel xaiv nrog tus pointer tshwj tsis yog tias lub khawm tso tawm. Hloov txoj kev recolors twg pixel uas phim cov xim ntawm cov pixel uas koj xaiv nrog lub pob nyem. Floodfill recolors txhua pixel uas phim cov xim ntawm cov pixel uas koj xaiv nrog lub pob nyem thiab yog ib tus neeg nyob ze. Whereas filltoborder hloov qhov matte tus nqi ntawm cov neeg zej zog pixel uas tsis yog tus ciam teb xim. Thaum kawg no hloov cov duab tag nrho mus rau xim xim.

Tom ntej, xaiv xim pixel ntawm qhov Pixel Col -sub-tshuab raj. Pixel xim ntxiv tuaj yeem sau nrog xim browser. Koj tuaj yeem hloov cov xim txheej txheem los ntawm qhov teebmeem X cov ntaub ntawv pen1 dhau los ntawm pen9.

Tam sim no nias khawm 1 xaiv ib qho pixel hauv qhov rai duab kom pauv nws cov xim. Ntxiv pixels tej zaum yuav raug rho tawm raws li txoj cai uas koj xaiv. ntxiv pixels los ua qhov Delta tus nqi.

Yog hais tias tus Magnify widget mapped, nws yuav pab tau muab tso rau hauv koj tus pointer hauv daim duab (xa mus rau khawm 2). Xwb koj tuaj yeem xaiv ib lub pixel los thaij tawm los ntawm nyob hauv phau ntawv Magnify widget . Txav mus rau tus pointer mus rau Magnify widget thiab qhov chaw pixel nrog tus cursor tswj tuav. Thaum kawg, nias lub pob kom rov thaij cov duab pixel (lossis pixels).

Qhov tseeb xim koj thov rau pixels yog tseg rau hauv daim duab. Txawm li cas los xij, cov xim uas tshwm hauv koj lub vev xaib Dua kuj yuav txawv. Piv txwv, ntawm ib qho screen monochrome lub pixel yuav tshwm dub los yog dawb txawm tias koj xaiv xim liab li cov pixel xim. Txawm li ntawd los, daim duab tau txais kev cawmdim rau cov ntaub ntawv nrog -write yog sau nrog liab pixels. Yuav kom paub tseeb tias cov ntawv muaj tseeb hauv daim duab kawg, cov duab PseudoClass yog nce mus rau DirectClass Yuav yuam kom cov duab PseudoClass mus nyob twj ywm PseudoClass , siv -colors .

MATTE EDITING

Matte cov ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv ib daim duab tseem ceeb rau qee cov haujlwm xws li cov duab tso tawm. Qhov kev txuas ntxiv no feem ntau yog siv lub npog ntsej muag uas yog nruab nrab ntawm ib qho khoom qab zib-tshuab txav rau daim duab. Qhov no yog rooj plaub thaum matte 255 (tag nrho cov kev pab them nqi) rau pixels hauv cov duab, pes tsawg sab nraud, thiab ntawm zero thiab 255 ntawm tus ciam teb.

Npaj cov ntaub ntawv xov xwm hauv duab ua tiav. Yog tsis muaj cov kab kev hais kom ua los hloov pixel. Yuav pib, thiab xaiv Matte ntawm cov duab hloov kho sub-tshuab los ntawm tus hais kom ua widget.

Xwb, nias m hauv daim duab qhov rai.

Ib lub qhov rai me me tshwm ntawm qhov chaw ntawm tus cursor hauv daim duab qhov rai. Koj yog tam sim no hauv matte hloov hom. Kom tawm tam sim ntawd, nias Dismiss. Nyob rau hauv matte hloov hom, qhov hais kom ua widget muaj cov kev xaiv:

Txoj kev

taw tes
hloov
dej nyab
pib dua

Ciam Xim Xim

dub
xiav
cyan
ntsuab
grey
liab
magenta
daj
dawb
Browser ...

Fuzz

0
2
4
8
16
Dialog ...

Matte
Undo
Pab
Tso tawm

Xaiv ib txoj kev hloov matte los ntawm Txoj Kev Lom hauv sub-menu ntawm qhov Command widget. Lub point point hloov qhov matte tus nqi ntawm cov pixel xaiv nrog tus pointer kom txog thaum lub pob tawm. Hloov txoj kev hloov qhov matte tus nqi ntawm cov duab pixel uas dhos cov xim ntawm lub pixel koj xaiv nrog lub pob nyem. Floodfill hloov qhov matte tus nqi ntawm cov duab pixel uas dhos cov xim ntawm lub pixel koj xaiv nrog ib tus khawm xovxwm thiab yog ib tug neeg nyob ze. Whereas filltoborder recolors txhua tus neeg nyob ze pixel uas tsis yog tus ciam teb xim. Thaum kawg kev hloov pauv tag nrho cov duab mus rau tus nqi nyiaj matte. Xaiv qhov Matte Value thiab lub dialog tshwm sim thov kom muaj tus nqi matte. Sau tus nqi ntawm 0 thiab 255 . Cov nqi no yog muab ua tus nqi matte rau xaiv pixel lossis pixels. Tam sim no, nias lub khawm los xaiv ib qho pixel hauv qhov rai Duab los hloov nws cov nqi matte. Koj tuaj yeem hloov qhov nqi pauv ntawm pixels ntxiv los ntawm nce tus nqi Delta. Tus nqi Delta ua ntej tshaj ces rho tawm los ntawm liab, ntsuab, thiab xiav ntawm lub phiaj xim.

Txhua pixels nyob rau hauv qhov ntau kuj muaj lawv cov nqi hloov tshiab. Yog hais tias tus Magnify widget mapped, nws yuav pab tau muab tso rau hauv koj tus pointer hauv daim duab (xa mus rau khawm 2). Xwb koj yuav xaiv ib pixel hloov matte tus nqi ntawm hauv Magnify widget . Txav mus rau tus pointer mus rau Magnify widget thiab qhov chaw pixel nrog tus cursor tswj tuav. Thaum kawg, nias lub pob kom pauv qhov nqi ntawm qhov xaiv pixel (lossis pixels). Cov ntaub ntawv Matte tsuas siv tau rau hauv duab DirectClass . Vim li no, cov duab PseudoClass yog nce mus rau DirectClass . Nco ntsoov tias cov ntaub ntawv matte rau PseudoClass yuav tsis khaws cia rau cov neeg saib xyuas X Xeem (xws li StaticColor, StaticColor, GrayScale, PseudoColor ) tshwj tsis yog tias koj khaws koj daim duab rau ib daim ntawv (xa mus rau Sau ntawv). Correct matte editing behavior yuav tsum kom muaj TrueColor lossis DirectColor nrig txog kev pom los yog Tus Txheej Txheem Kev Txuj Ci .

QHOV DRAWING duab

Tus duab yog kos thaum sib tham. Yog tsis muaj cov kab kev hais kom sib cav los kos rau ntawm ib qho duab . Yuav pib, xaiv Draw Drawing duab sub-tshuab los ntawm tus hais kom ua widget. Xwb, nias rau hauv daim duab qhov rai.

Kev hloov tus cursor hloov rau lub crosshair los qhia koj kos duab. Kom tawm tam sim ntawd, nias Dismiss. Hauv kos hom, qhov hais kom ua widget muaj cov kev xaiv no:

Tseem ceeb

taw tes
kab
duab plaub
sau voos
vajvoog
sau lub voj voos
ellipse
sau ellipse
polygon
sau polygon

Xim

dub
xiav
cyan
ntsuab
grey
liab
magenta
daj
dawb
pob tshab
Browser ...

Stipple

Cib
Kab pheeb ces kaum
Nplai
Ntsug
Wavy
Tshaj av
Opaque
Qhib ...

Dav

1
2
4
8
16
Dialog ...

Undo
Pab
Tso tawm

Xaiv ib daim duab los ntawm Primitive sub-menu.

Tom ntej no, xaiv ib kob los ntawm Xim pob -tshuab raj. Cov xim ntxiv tau muab teev nrog xim browser. Koj tuaj yeem hloov cov xim txheej txheem los ntawm qhov teebmeem X cov ntaub ntawv pen1 dhau los ntawm pen9. Lub pob tshab xim tshiab cov duab matte channel thiab yog pab tau rau cov duab duab.

Yog tias koj xaiv cov xim browser thiab nias Grab , koj tuaj yeem xaiv qhov xim qub thaum hloov tus pointer mus rau yam xim ntawm lub vijtsam thiab nias lub khawm. Lub pob tshab xim tshiab cov duab matte channel thiab yog pab tau rau cov duab duab.

Xaiv cov lus qhia, yog tias tsim nyog, los ntawm Stipple sub-menu. Cov ntawv qhia ntxiv tuaj yeem sau nrog cov ntaub ntawv browser. Cov thwj tawm tau los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv browser yuav tsum yog nyob rau disk hauv X11 bitmap hom ntawv.

Xaiv ib txoj kab dav dav, yog tsim nyog, los ntawm Kev Tshaj Tawm Ntawm Dav . Xaiv ib qho dav dav xaiv Dialog widget.

Xaiv tus taw tes rau hauv daim duab qhov rai thiab nias khawm 1 thiab tuav. Tom ntej, txav tus pointer mus rau lwm qhov chaw hauv daim duab. Thaum koj tsiv tsev, ib kab txuas nrog qhov chaw pib thiab tus pointer. Thaum koj tso lub khawm, daim duab pib nrog cov txheej thaum ub koj cia li tawm. Rau cov duab, cov duab yog hloov tshiab thaum koj nias thiab tso khawm tsis txav tus pointer.

Txuas duab kos duab, tshem tus pointer rov qab rau lub pib taw tes ntawm txoj kab thiab tso khawm.

LEEJ TWG HAUV LUB SIJ HAWM

Yuav pib, nias qhov cheeb tsam ntawm kev txaus siab ntawm Pixel Transform sub-menu los ntawm qhov Command widget. Xwb, nias R hauv daim duab qhov rai.

Ib lub qhov rai me me tshwm ntawm qhov chaw ntawm tus cursor hauv daim duab qhov rai. Koj yog tam sim no nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam ntawm kev txaus siab hom. Nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam ntawm kev txaus siab hom, qhov kev hais kom ua widget muaj cov kev xaiv no:

Pab
Tso tawm

Los txhais lub cheeb tsam ntawm kev txaus siab, nias lub pob nyem 1 thiab luag. Lub cheeb tsam ntawm kev txaus siab yog txhais los ntawm cov duab plaub sab nrauv uas nthuav lossis sib cog lus raws li nws ua raws cov pointer. Thaum koj txaus siab rau thaj tsam ntawm lub paj, tso lub pob. Koj yog tam sim no nyob rau hauv thov hom. Nyob rau hauv hom thov qhov kev hais kom ua widget muaj cov kev xaiv no:

Cov ntaub ntawv

Txuag ...
Sau ...

Kho kom raug

Undo
Redo

Txia

Ntxeev
Dauv
Tig Txoj Cai
Tig Lem

Txhim khu

Hawj ...
Kev poob siab ...
Brightness ...
Gamma ...
Spiff
Mob taub hau
Sib npaug
Ntaus
Negate
Grayscale
Quantize ...

Teebmeem

Despeckle
Emboss
Txo nrov nrov
Ntxiv nrov
Hli ...
Plooj ...
Tshaj tawm ...
Ntes Detect ...
Kis ...
Ntxoov ntxoo ...
Tsa ...
Segment ...

F / X

Solarize ...
Swirl ...
Implode ...
Yoj ...
Roj xim
Charcoal Draw ...

Miscellany

Duab Qhia
Zoom Duab
Qhia Ua Ntej ...
Qhia Histogram
Pom Matte

Pab
Tso tawm

Koj tuaj yeem hloov kho rau cheeb tsam ntawm kev xav los ntawm tsiv tus pointer mus rau ib qho ntawm cov duab plaub hau, nias lub khawm, thiab luag. Thaum kawg, xaiv tus txheej txheem tsim cov txheej txheem los ntawm kev hais kom ua. Koj tuaj yeem xaiv ntau tshaj ib txoj kev ua duab los siv rau cheeb tsam. Xwb, koj tuaj yeem txav mus rau thaj tsam ntawm kev txaus siab ua ntej siv lwm cov duab txheej txheem. Tshem tawm, nias Dismiss.

IMAGE PANNING

Thaum tus duab tshaj qhov dav lossis qhov siab ntawm X neeg rau zaub mov screen, tso saib cov duab cim me panning. Lub duab plaub sab hauv lub icon panning qhia qhov cheeb tsam uas tshwm sim nyob rau hauv daim duab qhov rai. Dhau qhov duab, nias tej khawm thiab cab tus pointer hauv cov cim icon. Lub lauj kaub rau lub voj voog txav nrog tus pointer thiab cov duab qhov rai tshiab kom muaj kev cuam tshuam qhov chaw nyob ntawm tus duab plaub sab hauv lub cim panning. Thaum koj tau xaiv thaj chaw ntawm daim duab koj xav pom, tso lub pob.

Siv cov xub tuav kom duav daim duab ib pixel nce, nqes, sab laug, los yog hauv sab hauv daim duab qhov rais.

Cov cim icon yog rho tawm yog hais tias tus duab yuav me dua li qhov loj ntawm tus X neeg rau zaub mov screen.

SIV TSIS TXAUS SIAB

Cov kev xav tau cuam tshuam rau qhov cwj pwm coj kev tshwm sim ntawm kev pom (1) . Cov kev nyiam yog cov tseeb los yog tsis muaj tseeb thiab muab cia rau hauv koj cov directory hauv tsev xws li .displayrc:

tso duab duab rau ntawm ib qho backdrop "

Qhov kev backdrop no npog tag nrho lub thawv rau kev ua haujlwm thiab yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev nkaum lwm X qhov rai ua thaum saib cov duab. Cov xim ntawm cov nraub qaum ris yog teev raws li xim keeb kwm yav dhau. Xa mus rau X Cov Kev Pab rau cov ntsiab lus. paub meej tias qhov kev pab cuam tawm "

Nug kom pom zoo ua ntej koj tawm ntawm qhov program (1) . tseeb duab rau tso saib gamma "

Yog hais tias cov duab muaj ib tug paub gamma, gamma yog kho kom phim tus X neeg rau zaub mov (saib X Resource displayGamma ). thov Floyd / Steinberg yuam kev diffusion rau duab "

Cov tswv yim zoo ntawm kev zais yog kev sib haum xeeb rau kev daws teeb meem rau kev sib haum xeeb ntawm thaj tsam ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm ntau cov pixels uas nyob sib ze. Cov duab uas raug kev txom nyem los ntawm kev sib ceg sib nyom thaum uas txo cov xim tuaj yeem kho nrog qhov kev nyiam no. siv ib qho kev sib tshuam rau kev sib tshooj rau cov kab xev X Xeem "

Qhov kev xaiv no tsuas siv tau thaum tus neeg saib xyuas X neeg pom kev nrig yog PseudoColor lossis GRAYScale . Xa mus rau-tawm qauv rau cov lus qhia ntxiv. Yog lub neej ua ntej, ib qho chaw sib koom sib faib. Daim duab zas xim nrog lwm tus X cov neeg. Ib co duab xim yuav tsum tau kwv yees, yog li koj tus duab yuav pom txawv heev dua li qhov kev xav. Txwv tsis pub cov duab xim tshwm raws nraim li lawv tau hais. Txawm li cas los xij, lwm tus neeg tuaj yeem mus nrhiav kev siv technicolor thaum cov duab kab ciav. tso saib cov dluab ua X neeg rau zaub mov pixmap "

Dluab raug khaws cia ua XImage los ntawm lub neej. Teem cov kev pab no kom tseeb uas yuav siv cov Pixmap neeg rau zaub mov xwb. Qhov kev xaiv no yog qhov tseem ceeb yog tias koj daim duab ntau tshaj qhov ntev ntawm koj cov neeg rau zaub mov screen thiab koj npaj siab yuav laub daim duab. Panning yog sai dua nrog Pixmaps dua nrog ib tus XImage. Pixmaps yog suav tias yog ib qho khoom muaj nuj nqis, siv lawv txoj kev txiav txim siab.