Dab tsi yog homography thiab, qhov txuas ntxiv, kev tsim hom? Yuav siv cov lus piav qhia yooj yim, typography yog tsim thiab siv cov qauv sau ua ib qho kev sib txuas lus. Ntau tus neeg xav txog typography tau pib nrog Gutenberg thiab kev loj hlob ntawm cov hom phiaj uas txav tau, tiam sis typography rov qab ntau dua li qhov ntawd. Qhov no ceg ntawm kev tsim muaj peev xwm muaj nws cov keeb kwm nyob rau hauv handwritten letterforms. Typography encompasses txhua yam ntawm calligraphy los ntawm hom digital uas peb pom niaj hnub no nyob rau hauv cov nplooj ntawv ntawm txhua hom. Cov kos duab ntawm typography kuj muaj xws li cov qauv tsim cov neeg uas tsim cov ntawv tshiab uas tau muab hloov ua cov ntaub ntawv font uas lwm tus qauv siv tau hauv lawv txoj haujlwm, los ntawm cov ntawv luam tawm rau cov websites. Raws li qhov sib txawv raws li cov hauj lwm no, cov ntsiab lus ntawm typography ua rau lawv tag nrho.
Cov Ntsiab ntawm Typography
Typefaces thiab Fonts: Yog tias koj twb tau hais rau tus tsim uas siv hom ntawv sau ua haujlwm, koj yuav tau hnov cov lus "typeface" thiab / lossis "font". Ntau tus neeg siv cov ntsiab lus ob tog sib txawv, tab sis muaj qee qhov sib txawv ntawm cov khoom ob.
"Typeface" yog lub ntsiab lus muab rau tsev neeg ntawm cov ntawv nyeem (xws li Helvetica Regular, Helvetica Italic, Helvetica Black, thiab Helvetica Bold ). Tag nrho ntawm ntau yam versions ntawm Helvetica ua li lub tiav typeface.
"Font" yog lo lus siv thaum ib tus neeg hais txog ib qhov hnyav lossis style hauv nws tsev neeg (xws li Helvetica Bold). Yog li ntau ntau cov ntawv sau ua ke ntawm ntau tus neeg cov ntawv sau, txhua yam uas zoo sib xws thiab muaj feem xyuam, tab sis txawv hauv qee txoj kev. Qee cov kev sau ntawv tsuas yog muaj ib qho font nkaus xwb, hos lwm tus yuav muaj ntau qhov kev hloov ntawm cov ntawv sau uas tsim cov ntawv.
Puas yog qhov no ua rau me ntsis ruam? Yog li, tsis txhob txhawj. Qhov tseeb tiag, yog tias ib tug neeg tsis yog ib tug kws tshawb fawb, lawv yuav siv qhov "font" tsis hais txog qhov twg los ntawm cov ntsiab lus uas lawv txhais tau tiag tiag - thiab txawm tias ntau tus neeg tsim qauv siv ob nqe lus sib txawv. Tshwj tsis yog tias koj hais lus rau tus qauv zoo nkauj txog cov tshuab mechanical, koj yuav ntshe zoo nkauj siv qhov twg ntawm ob lub ntsiab lus uas koj xav tau. Uas tau hais, yog tias koj nkag siab lub txim hluav taws xob thiab siv tau cov ntsiab lus tseeb, qhov no tsis yog ib qho phem tshaj!
Typeface Classifications: Tej lub sij hawm hu ua "generic font families" , cov no yog cov sib txawv ntawm cov qauv sau ntawv raws li ntau hom kev qhia ntawv uas nyias muaj nyias cov ntawv sau hauv qab. Nyob rau hauv cov nplooj ntawv Web site , muaj 6 hom kev qhia ntawv uas koj yuav pom:
- serif
- sans-serif
- monospaced
- cursive
- fantasy
- ntawv
Tseem muaj ib tug xov tooj ntawm lwm cov classificationsifications uas yog offshoots ntawm no. Piv txwv, "slab serif" fonts zoo ib yam li cov serifs, tab sis lawv tag nrho cov yeeb yam pom tau zoo nrog cov tuab, chunky serifs ntawm tsab ntawv sau.
Ib lub vas sab hnub no, serif thiab sans-serif yog ob hom kev hloov font uas siv.
Typeface Anatomy: Txhua txhua tus qauv yog ua los ntawm cov ntsiab lus sib txawv uas txawv ntawm lwm qhov kev sau ntawv. Tshwj tsis yog tias koj yog tshwj xeeb uas yuav nkag mus rau hauv hom tsim thiab nrhiav los tsim cov brand tshiab fonts, cov kws tsim tawm lub web tsim tsis feem ntau yuav tsum paub txog cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev mob siab ntawm typeface. Yog hais tias koj xav kawm ntxiv txog cov khoom vaj tsev ntawm cov ntawv sau thiab cov ntawv sau, muaj ib zaj dab neeg zoo tshaj plaws hauv typeface anatomy nyob rau ntawm qhov kev tshaj tawm hauv Kev Kawm Ntawv.
Hauv qib theem pib, cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov qauv ntawm lub cev uas yuav tsum paub txog yog:
- Cap thiab x-qhov siab: Qhov no yog qhov siab ntawm cov tsiaj ntawv loj hauv lub typeface thiab qhov siab ntawm daim ntawv x. Nws qhia koj tias qhov siab tshaj plaws cov tsiaj ntawv yuav loj npaum li cas, thiab cov ntawv tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yuav muaj pes tsawg. Cov ntawv ntaus suab yog qhov loj los ntawm cov yeeb yam no.
- Cov neeg txiav txim thiab cov neeg tshau tawm: Cov no yog cov feem ntawm cov tsiaj ntawv mus rau hauv qab thiab saum toj kab x-qhov siab . Cov no feem ntau xa cov tsiaj ntawv txo qis. Piv txwv li, tsab ntawv "b" muaj ib qho qaum (daim ntawv uas sau "tsab ntawv" ntawm tsab ntawv) thaum tsab ntawv "p" muaj ib tug descender (qhov uas dips "los ntawm tsab ntawv).
Spacing ncig daim ntawv
Muaj ob peb kev kho me ntsis uas tuaj yeem ua tau los ntawm cov tsiaj ntawv uas tshwm sim ntawm hom ntawv. Cov cov ntawv sau tau tsim muaj ntau yam ntawm cov cwj pwm hauv qhov chaw, thiab ntawm cov websites peb tau txwv tsis pub hloov cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov ntawv. Qhov no feem ntau yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws txij li lub neej txoj kev uas cov ntawv tau tso tawm muaj feem ntau nyiam.
- kerning - qhov chaw nruab nrab ntawm tus neeg ntawv
- nrhiav qhov chaw ntawm cov npe ntawm cov tsiaj ntawv
- ua - ntsug chaw nruab nrab ntawm cov kab ntawm hom (qhov no yog hu ua kab-qhov siab hauv lub vas sab)
- ntsuas - qhov ntev ntawm cov kab ntawv
- alignment - visually placing text rau sab laug, txoj cai, centered, los yog raug cai
- ligatures - cov tsiaj ntawv tsiv ze ua ke kom lawv cov anatomies tiav, ib daim ntawv tseem ceeb ntws mus rau lwm tus
Ntau Hom Tshuaj Qib Kawm Ntawv
Typography yog ntau tshaj li cov ntawv sau uas siv thiab qhov chaw nyob ze lawv. Tseem muaj qee qhov lwm yam uas koj yuav tsum nco ntsoov thaum tsim kom muaj ib qho kev zoo tsim rau txhua tus tsim:
Hyphenation: Hyphenation yog qhov sib ntxiv ntawm qhov hyphen (-) ntawm qhov kawg ntawm cov kab kom pab tiv thaiv cov teeb meem hauv kev nyeem tau lossis ua kom pom tseeb zoo. Thaum uas nquag muaj nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv luam tawm, feem ntau ntawm cov neeg tsim hluav taws xob tsis quav ntsej hla thiab tsis siv nws hauv lawv txoj haujlwm vim tias nws tsis yog ib yam uas ua haujlwm zoo los ntawm cov web browsers.
Cov neeg: Cov tsis tshuav qis ntawm lub thaiv ntawm cov ntawv nyeem yog hu ua cov khaub ncaws. Thaum them sai sai rau cov qauv ntawv, koj yuav tsum tau saib koj cov ntawv nplais ua ib qho tseem ceeb kom paub tseeb tias cov khaub ncaws tsis cuam tshuam rau qhov tsim. Yog hais tias cov khaub ncaws dhau los yog tsis sib haum, nws tuaj yeem cuam tshuam kev nyeem tau ntawm cov ntawv nyeem thiab ua rau nws cuam tshuam. Qhov no yog ib yam uas tau txais los ntawm qhov browser raws li nws txoj kab ntawm txoj kab mus rau kab.
Widows thiab Orphans: Ib lo lus ntawm qhov kawg ntawm ib kem yog ib tug poj ntsuam thiab yog nws nyob rau sab saum toj ntawm ib sab tshiab nws yog ib tug tub ntsuag. Cov poj niam thiab cov me nyuam ntsuag tsis zoo thiab yuav tsis yooj yim nyeem ntawv.
Tau txais koj cov kab ntawv ntawm cov lus tso rau hauv lub web browser yog lub tswv yim grueling, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum koj muaj ib lub website zoo thiab ntau cov lus qhia rau ntau qhov screen ntau thiab tsawg. Koj lub hom phiaj yuav tsum yog xyuas qhov chaw ntawm qhov ntau thiab tsawg los sim ua qhov zoo tshaj plaws ua tau, thaum lees txais tias nyob hauv qee qhov koj cov ntsiab lus yuav muaj qhov rais, me nyuam ntsuag, los yog lwm yam tsawg dua. Koj lub hom phiaj yuav tsum ua kom tsis txhob muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm tus qauv tsim, thaum tseem yog qhov tseeb ntawm qhov tseeb tias koj tuaj yeem tsis ua tiav rau txhua qhov kev tshuaj ntsuam me me thiab cov duab.
Cov Kauj Ruam Ntsuam Xyuas Koj Lub Hom Tshuaj
- Xaiv cov hom ntawv zoo zoo, saib ntawm qhov lub cev ntawm lub hom phiaj thiab cov tsev neeg hom nws muaj nyob hauv.
- Yog tias koj tsim cov qauv siv cov ntaub ntawv placeholder , tsis txhob pom zoo qhov kawg tsim kom txog thaum koj tau pom cov ntawv nyeem hauv cov qauv tsim.
- Them rau me ntsis cov ntsiab lus ntawm hom ntawv sau .
- Saib ntawm txhua lub ntsiab ntawm cov ntawv nyeem li nws tsis muaj lus hauv nws. Cov ntawv sau ua dab tsi hauv nplooj ntawv? Xyuas kom pom cov duab ua kom tag nrho cov nplooj ntawv tsim rau pem hauv ntej.
Thawj tsab xov xwm los ntawm Jennifer Krynin. Edited by Jeremy Girard rau 7/5/17