01 ntawm 09
Ib qho Taw Qhia rau tus Tub Pos
Lo lus 'GPIO' (General Purpose Input Output) tsis yog tus xa mus rau tus Tub Pos. Cov tswv yim thiab cov zis pins tuaj yeem raug pom ntawm cov microcontrollers xws li Arduino, Beaglebone thiab ntau dua.
Thaum peb tham txog GPIO nrog tus Tub Ntxhais Hluas, peb raug xa mus rau qhov ntev ntawm lub pins ntawm sab saum toj-sab laug ntawm lub rooj tsavxwm. Cov qauv qub tau 26 pins, tab sis feem ntau ntawm peb yuav tau siv ib qho qauv tam sim no nrog 40.
Koj tuaj yeem txuas cov khoom thiab lwm yam cuab yeej kho vajtse rau cov koob no, thiab siv cov cai tswj cov lawv ua. Nws yog ib qho tseemceeb ntawm tus txivneej Pi thiab ib txoj kev zoo tshaj plaws los kawm txog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob.
Tom qab ob peb software projects, koj yuav muaj peev xwm nrhiav tau koj tus kheej xyaum nrog cov koob, xav ua kom koj cov cai nrog kho vajtse kom ua tau tej yam tshwm sim hauv 'tiag lub neej'.
Tus txheej txheem no yuav ua rau koj ntshai yog tias koj nyob nraum tshiab, thiab xav tias ib qho kev tawm tsam tsis zoo yuav ua rau koj tus Txiv Plig Pi, nws nkag siab tias nws yog qhov chaw tshee rau cov pib tshiab.
Tsab ntawv xov xwm no yuav piav qhia txog txhua hom ntawm GPO tus pin thiab lawv cov kev txwv.
02 ntawm 09
Lub GPIO
Ua ntej no, cia peb saib cov duab GPIO ua ke. Cov koob yuav zoo tib yam tab sis lawv txhua tus nyias muaj nyias haujlwm. Daim duab saum toj no qhia tau hais tias cov kev ua haujlwm hauv cov xim txawv uas peb yuav piav qhia rau hauv cov kauj ruam nram qab no.
Txhua tus naj npawb yog pib ntawm 1 mus rau 40 pib ntawm sab laug hauv qab. Cov no yog cov lej ntawm lub cev, tab sis, kuj muaj cov rooj sib hais / cov ntawv sau cov npe xws li 'BCM' uas yog siv thaum sau ntawv.
03 ntawm 09
Lub hwj chim & av
Highlighted red, yog cov fais fab pins uas sau tias '3' lossis '5' rau 3.3V lossis 5V.
Cov pins no cia koj ncaj qha xa fais fab mus rau ib qho khoom siv tsis tas yuav tsum muaj cov cai. Yog tsis muaj txoj kev xa cov tawm ntawm tog twg los.
Muaj 2 fais fab tuag - 3.3 volts thiab 5 volts. Raws li tsab xov xwm no, lub tsheb npav 3.3V tsuas yog siv rau 50mA tam sim no, qhov 5V kev tsheb nqaj hlau tuaj yeem muab qhov peev xwm tam sim no tawm ntawm koj lub hwj huam mov tom qab Pi tau coj nws xav tau.
Tsho xim av yog lub hauv pins (GND). Cov koob no muaj raws nraim li lawv hais - av pins - uas yog ib qhov tseem ceeb ntawm txhua qhov kev tsim hluav taws xob.
(5V GPIO pins yog cov naj npawb ntawm lub cev 2 thiab 4. 3.3V GPIO pins yog cov naj npawb ntawm lub cev 1 thiab 17. Pua GPIO yog cov zauv ntawm 6, 9, 14, 20, 25, 30, 34 thiab 39)
04 ntawm 09
Tawm tswv yim / tso zis Pins
Cov pins ntsuab yog dab tsi kuv hu 'generic' input / output pins. Cov no yuav siv tau yooj yim raws li cov kev xav los yog kev tawm tsam tsis muaj kev txhawj xeeb txog kev sib tsoo nrog lwm lub zog xws li I2C, SPI lossis UART.
Cov no yog cov koob uas tuaj yeem xa cov fais fab mus rau ib qho LED, pobzeb, lossis lwm yam khoom, los yog siv los ua ib qho kev nyeem ntawv nyeem, lossis cov khoom siv hluav taws xob.
Qhov tso zis zog ntawm cov koob no 3.3V. Txhua tus pin yuav tsum tsis txhob muaj ntau tshaj 16mA ntawm qhov tam sim no, los yog sinking, thiab tag nrho cov txheej hauv GPIO yuav tsis pub tshaj 50mA ntawm txhua lub sijhawm. Qhov no ua rau muaj kev txwv, yog li koj yuav tsum tau muaj tswv yim hauv qee cov haujlwm.
(Generic GPIO pins yog cov naj npawb xov tooj 7, 11, 12, 13, 15, 16, 18, 22, 29, 31, 32, 33, 35, 36, 37, 38 thiab 40)
05 ntawm 09
I2C Pins
Hauv daj, peb muaj cov I2C koob. I2C yog ib daim ntawv sib txuas lus uas siv yooj yim tso cai rau kev sib txuas lus nrog tus tub Pos. Cov koob no kuj siv tau los ua 'generic' GPIO pins.
Ib qho piv txwv zoo ntawm kev siv I2C yog qhov nrov MCP23017 chaw nres nkoj nta nrov heev, uas tuaj yeem muab koj ntau cov tswv yim / cov zis pins los ntawm I2C raws li kev cai lij choj.
(I2C GPIO pins yog lub cev pin xov tooj 3 thiab 5)
06 ntawm 09
UART (Serial) Pins
Hauv grey, yog tus PART UB. Cov koob no yog lwm txoj kev sib txuas lus uas muaj kev sib txuas sib txuas, thiab tseem tuaj yeem siv ua 'GENERAL' GPIO inputs / outputs thiab.
Kuv nyiam siv UART yog kom muaj kev sib txuas tau ntawm kuv tus Pi rau kuv lub laptop dua USB. Qhov no yuav ua tiav kev siv cov laug cam lossis cov cab cab yooj yooj yim thiab tshem tawm qhov kev xav tau rau ib qho screen los yog internet txuas mus saib tau koj Pi.
(UART GPIO pins yog lub cev pin xov tooj 8 thiab 10)
07 ntawm 09
SPI Pins
Nyob rau hauv liab , peb muaj SPI koob. SPI yog ib qho kev caij tsheb npav uas xa cov ntaub ntawv ntawm Pi thiab lwm yam Radon / peripherals. Nws yog feem ntau siv rau chaining ntawm cov khoom xws li ib qho kev ntsuas LED lossis duab.
Zoo ib yam li lwm tus, cov koob no kuj siv tau los ua 'generic' inputs / outputs thiab.
(SPI GPIO pins yog lub naj npawb ntawm tus xov tooj 19, 21, 23, 24 thiab 26)
08 ntawm 09
DNC Pins
Qhov kawg yog ob pins hauv xiav uas, tam sim no, tau hais tias DNC uas yog rau 'Tsis Txuas Txuas'. Qhov no tej zaum yuav hloov yav tom ntej yog tias Lub Chaw Xa Rau Lub Hlis yog hloov cov kev pab cuam / software.
(DNC GPIO pins yog lub naj npawb ntawm tus xov tooj 27 thiab 28)
09 ntawm 09
Txheej Txheem Cai Tawm Suab Naj Npawb
Thaum coding nrog lub GPIO, koj muaj qhov xaiv los xa cov library GPIO hauv ib ntawm ob txoj kev - BCM lossis BOARD.
Qhov kev xaiv kuv xum yog GPIO BCM. Qhov no yog lub Broadcom numbering convention thiab kuv pom tias nws tau siv ntau dua nyob hauv cov projects thiab kev kho vajtse add-ons.
Qhov thib ob xaiv yog GPIO BOARD. Txoj kev siv no siv lub xov tooj ntawm tus pin xwb, uas yog ke thaum suav cov koob, tab sis koj yuav pom tias nws siv tsawg dua rau hauv cov qauv kev ua haujlwm.
Hom kev xaiv GPIO yog teem thaum importing lub tsev qiv ntawv GPIO:
Txais ntshuam raws li BCM:
import RPi.GPIO ua GPIO GPIO.setmode (GPIO.BCM)Mus import li BOARD:
import RPi.GPIO ua GPIO GPIO.setmode (GPIO.BOARD)Ob yam ntawm cov kev ua no ua raws nraim tib txoj haujlwm, nws tsuas yog qhov teeb meem ntawm kev suav xav.
Kuv niaj hnub ua kom siv daim nplhaib GPIO daim ntawv lo xws li lub RasPiO Portsplus (thaij duab) los xyuas seb cov pins kuv txuas xovtooj zoo li cas. Ib sab pom lub BCM numbering convention, rau lwm qhov qhia tau hais tias BOARD - yog li koj tau raug them rau txhua qhov project koj pom.