20 Tes Hauj Lwm Ntawm Lub Chaw Haujlwm Ntawm Lub Chaw Haujlwm Rau Cov Tub Ntxhais Kawm Tshiab

by Cai Richard Saville

Tau rau grips nrog lub davhlau ya nyob twg uas siv cov lus txib no

Ib yam dab tsi uas kuv raug kev nyuaj nrog thaum kuv nyuam qhuav pib siv lub Raspberry Pi yog lub davhlau ya nyob twg.

Kuv tau mus los ntawm kev ua ib qho kev zoo siab hauv qhov rais GUI rau ib qho retro-saib dub thiab ntsuab npo nrog tsis muaj cov nyees khawm los sis ib yam dab tsi rau ob-nias. Ntshai khoom thaum koj tau siv GUI txij thaum koj thawj PC.

Hnub no kuv paub zoo txog lub davhlau ya nyob twg, siv nws zoo nkauj rau tag nrho kuv cov khub Txiv Plig Pi hauv ib txoj kev los sis lwm qhov. Kuv pom ntau me ntsis tricks thiab cov lus txib raws li txoj kev pab kuv tau txais qhov kev ntseeg no, thiab kuv tabtom koom nrog koj los pab koj pib nrog Pi.

Yog tsis muaj dab tsi lawm los yog groundbreaking nyob ntawm no - tsuas yog txhua hnub commands uas yuav pab tau koj taug qab thiab lees paub cov kev paub tab yooj yim nrog koj tus txiv pos los ntawm lub qhov davhlau ya nyob twg. Sij hawm dhau los koj mam li nrhiav dua, tab sis qhov no yog ib qho zoo hauv kev teeb tsa ncaws tawm nrog.

01 ntawm 20

[sudo apt-get update] - Hloov cov pob ntawv tshiab

Cov lus txib hloov tshiab ua kom koj lub npe muaj npe tam sim no. Image: Cai Richard Saville

Qhov no yog thawj theem hauv kev muab kho dua rau koj tus Txiv Plig Hau (saib ob yam tom ntej no hauv daim ntawv no rau lwm cov kauj ruam).

Qhov 'sudo apt-get hloov tshiab' cov lus qhib pob ntawv los ntawm cov chaw cia khoom thiab grabs cov lus qhia txog cov newest versions ntawm cov pob thiab txhua tus neeg sawv cev.

Yog li nws tsis ua tiag tiag muab kho dua nyob rau hauv cov kev nkag siab tsoos, nws yog ntau dua ntawm cov kauj ruam uas yuav tsum tau ua nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem tag nrho.

02 ntawm 20

[sudo apt-tau txawj tej yam ntxiv] - Ces thiab nruab Tshem Cov Ntawv Packages

Txiav txim hloov hais kom hloov thiab nruab ib cov pob khoom tshiab. Image: Cai Richard Saville

Qhov kev hais kom ua raws li nram qab no los ntawm cov khoom yav dhau los uas peb tau hloov kho peb cov ntawv teev npe.

Nrog peb cov ntaub ntawv kho tshiab sau rau hauv qhov chaw, qhov ' sudo apt-get upgrade ' hais kom ua yuav pom cov pob khoom yog tam sim no ntsia, ces saib qhov tseeb pob ntawv (tias peb nyuam qhuav upgraded), thiab ces thaum kawg nruab tej pob khoom tshiab uas ' t ntawm qhov tseeb version.

03 ntawm 20

[sudo apt-get clean] - Huv Luv Pob Ntaub Ntawv

Txoj kev hais kom huv huv tshem tawm qub txav pob, txuag koj qhov chaw cia. Image: Cai Richard Saville

Qhov kawg theem nyob rau hauv cov kev hloov tshiab thiab kev hloov tshiab, thiab ib qho uas tsis yog ib qho tseem ceeb yog tias koj muaj txaus qhov chaw disk.

Lub ' sudo apt-tau huv ' hais kom ua cov ntaub ntawv redundant (.deb ntaub ntawv) uas yog downloaded ua ib feem ntawm cov txheej txheem hloov tshiab.

Ib qho kev hais kom ua ke yog tias koj nyob ze rau ntawm qhov chaw los yog xav tau kom huv si.

04 ntawm 20

[sudo raspi-config] - Lub Raspberry Pi Configuration Tool

Lub Raspberry Pi Configuration Tool. Image: Cai Richard Saville

Qhov no yuav tsum yog ib qho ntawm cov thawj kauj ruam uas koj tau siv thaum koj pib siv lub Raspberry Pi, kom paub tseeb tias nws tau teem rau koj cov lus, kho vajtse, thiab cov haujlwm.

Cov cuab yeej siv lub suab zoo li ib lub qhov rais 'qhov chaw', uas koj siv cov lus, lub sijhawm / hnub tim, kom lub koob yees duab module, overclock tus processor, pab tau, hloov passwords thiab ntau ntau cov kev xaiv.

Koj tuaj yeem nkag tau qhov no los ntawm typing ' sudo raspi-config ' thiab tom qab ntawd ntaus. Nyob ntawm seb koj hloov li cas, koj tuaj yeem raug cob koj kom rov qab xa koj Pi tom qab.

05 ntawm 20

[ls] - Sau cov txheej txheem teev npe

Cov lus txib 'ls' yuav teev cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov npe. Image: Cai Richard Saville

Hauv Linux 'directory' yog tib yam li ib qho 'folder' nyob rau hauv lub qhov rais. Qhov no yog ib yam uas kuv yuav tsum tau siv (ua ib tug neeg lub qhov rais) yog li kuv xav kom taw tes rau sab pem hauv ntej.

Muaj, ntawm chav kawm, tsis muaj explorer nyob rau hauv lub davhlau ya nyob twg, thiaj li pom dab tsi yog hauv phau ntawv koj nyob rau hauv thaum twg los tau lub sij hawm, cia li hom ' ls ' thiab ntaus ntaus.

Koj yuav pom txhua cov ntaub ntawv thiab cov npe hauv cov ntawv teev tseg, thiab feem ntau yog xim-cim rau cov khoom sib txawv.

06 ntawm 20

[cd] - Hloov Directories

Siv 'cd' los hloov cov kev tshawb nrhiav. Image: Cai Richard Saville

Yog hais tias koj xav dhia mus rau ib cov directory, koj tuaj yeem siv qhov kev txiav txim ' cd '.

Yog hais tias lub npe koj twb muaj nyob hauv phau ntawv no, koj tsuas siv tau ' cd directoryname ' (hloov 'directoryname' nrog lub npe ntawm koj cov npe).

Yog tias nws muaj lwm qhov hauv koj qhov system, cia li nkag mus rau tom qab kev hais kom ua, xws li ' cd / home / pi / directoryname '.

Ib qho kev siv ntawm qhov kev hais kom ua no yog ' cd .. ' uas yuav siv koj rov qab ib theem zuj zus, me ntsis zoo li lub pob 'rov'.

07 ntawm 20

[mkdir] - Tsim ib phau ntawv qhia

Tsim cov kev qhia tshiab nrog 'mkdir'. Image: Cai Richard Saville

Yog tias koj xav tsim ib phau ntawv tshiab hauv ib qho koj twb nyob hauv, koj tuaj yeem siv qhov kev txiav txim siab " mkdir ". Qhov no yog qhov 'tshiab> nplaub tshev' sib npaug ntawm lub davhlau ya nyob twg ntiaj teb.

Ua kom muaj cov npe tshiab, koj tsuas xav ntxiv lub npe ntawm cov npe tom qab lo lus txib, xws li ' mkdir new_directory '.

08 ntawm 20

[rmdir] - Tshem ib Phau Ntawv Qhia

Tshem cov kab lus nrog 'rmdir'. Image: Cai Richard Saville

Koj twb kawm tau li cas los tsim ib lub npe tshiab, tab sis yog tias koj xav rho tawm ib qho?

Nws 's kom zoo heev kom tshem tawm cov directory, cia li siv' rmdir 'ces tus directory lub npe.

Piv txwv ' rmdir directory_name ' yuav tshem cov directory 'directory_name'. Nws tsim nyog teev hais tias lub npe yuav tsum khoob ua qhov kev hais kom ua no.

09 ntawm 20

[mv] - Tsiv ib daim ntawv

Txav mus rau cov ntaub ntawv nrog cov lus txib 'mv'. Image: Cai Richard Saville

Tsiv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov kev xa mus yog tau los ntawm kev siv qhov kev txiav txim siab " mv ".

Yuav tsiv tau cov ntaub ntawv, peb siv ' mv ' raws li cov ntaub ntawv lub npe thiab tom qab ntawd cov chaw qhia cov lo lus.

Ib qho piv txwv ntawm qhov no yuav ' mv my_file.txt / tsev / pi / destination_directory ', uas yuav hloov cov ntaub ntawv ' my_file.txt ' rau ' / home / pi / destination_directory '.

10 ntawm 20

[ntoo-d] - Qhia Tsob Ntoo ntawm Cov Kev Xaiv

Tsob ntoo yog ib txoj hauv kev los saib cov qauv ntawm koj tus qauv. Image: Cai Richard Saville

Tom qab tsim ib qho kev lag luam tshiab tshiab, tej zaum koj yuav ploj mus rau hauv daim nplaub tshev qauv saib ntawm qhov rais file explorer. Tsis tau pom ib qhov muag saib qhov ntawm koj txoj kev ua haujlwm, tej yam yuav nkag tau ceev ceev.

Ib cov lus txib uas tuaj yeem pab ua kom paub ntau dua ntawm koj cov npe yog ' ntoo -d '. Nws qhia tag nrho koj cov kev tshawb hauv qhov zoo li tsob ntoo zoo li hauv lub davhlau ya nyob twg.

11 ntawm 20

[pwd] - Qhia cov npe tam sim no

Siv 'pwd' tuaj yeem pab koj thaum koj pib muaj ntsis poob lawm !. Image: Cai Richard Saville

Lwm cov lus txib kom pab tau koj thaum koj ploj yog qhov lus hais ntawm " pwd ". Qhov no yog muab rau koj yog tias koj xav paub seb koj nyob qhov twg thaum twg.

Tsuas nkag rau ' pwd ' txhua lub sijhawm los tso saib txoj kab kev hauv koj lub npe tam sim no.

12 ntawm 20

[ntshiab] - Cuam Tshuam Lub Vaj Puag Ncig

Tshem cov lus swb nrog lub 'clear' command. Image: Cai Richard Saville

Thaum koj pib tau lub hang ntawm lub davhlau ya nyob twg, koj yuav pom tias nws tuaj yeem tau tawg. Tom qab ob peb lus txib, koj tawm ntawm txoj kab ntawv ntawm qhov kev tshuaj ntsuam uas yog rau peb ib txhia kuj ua rau kev ntxhov siab me ntsis.

Yog tias koj xav so lub vijtsam ntxuav, tsuas yog siv cov lus qhia kom meej . Qhov screen yuav tsum cleared, npaj rau tom ntej no command.

13 ntawm 20

[sudo halt] - Muab kaw koj tus txiv pos

Khaws cia koj tus txiv pos Pi yam xyuam xim nrog qhov kev txiav txim "hiav txwv". Image: Cai Richard Saville

Tig tawm koj tus Txiv Pos Pi kom ruaj ntseg tsis muaj teeb meem xws li SD card kev noj nyiaj txiag. Koj tuaj yeem khiav deb nrog lub zog qeeb qeeb qee zaus, tab sis, thaum kawg, koj yuav tua koj daim npav.

Kom kaw qhov Pi zoo, siv ' sudo halt '. Tom qab qhov kawg flashes ntawm Pi's LEDs, koj tuaj yeem tshem lub hwj huam cable.

14 ntawm 20

[sudo reboot] - Updated 10/22/07 / f.Triplett koj tus txiv pos

Rov qab pib dua koj siv 'reboot' hauv lub davhlau ya nyob twg. Image: Cai Richard Saville

Zoo li qhov hais kom ua shutdown, yog tias koj xav rov qab tua koj tus txiv pos Pi hauv txoj kev nyab xeeb, koj tuaj yeem siv qhov " reboot " hais kom ua.

Cias hom ' sudo reboot ' thiab koj Pi yuav pib dua nws tus kheej.

15 ntawm 20

[startx] - Pib lub Desktop Ib Puag Ncig (LXDE)

Pib ib qho kev siv desktop siv 'startx'. Image: Cai Richard Saville

Yog tias koj tau teev koj Pi tas mus li hauv lub davhlau ya nyob twg, tej zaum koj yuav xav paub pib lub desktop yog tias koj xav siv.

Siv ' startx ' pib lub LXDE (Kev Xuas X 11 Tej Chaw Ib Ncig). Nws yuav tsum raug sau tseg tias qhov no yuav tsis ua haujlwm dhau qhov kev sib tham SSH.

16 ntawm 20

[ifconfig] - Nrhiav Koj Cov Tub Ntxhais Hluas Tus IP Tus IP

ifconfig yuav qhia tau rau koj cov ntaub ntawv network. Image: Cai Richard Saville

Muaj ntau ntau qhov scenarios uas tej zaum yuav kom koj paub qhov chaw nyob tus IP ntawm koj tus khub nab. Kuv siv nws heev thaum configuring kev sib kho SSH mus rau remotely saib kuv Pi.

Yuav nrhiav koj tus IP chaw, ntaus ' ifconfig ' rau hauv lub davhlau ya nyob twg thiab nias sau. Koj tuaj yeem siv ' hostname -I ' los nrhiav qhov chaw tus IP nyob ntawm nws tus kheej.

17 ntawm 20

[nano] - Hloov cov Ntaub Ntawv

Kuv nyiam sau ntawv editor rau tus nab xa cov txiv neej nano. Image: Cai Richard Saville

Linux muaj ntau hom ntawv kho kom raug, thiab koj yuav pom tias qee cov neeg xum siv ib qho sib txawv rau ntau yam.

Kuv qhov kev xaiv yog ' nano ' feem ntau vim nws yog thawj tug kuv tau siv thaum kuv pib.

Txhim kho cov ntaub ntawv, cias ntaus ntawv ' nano ' tom qab los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv lub npe, xws li ' nano myfile.txt '. Thaum koj cov edits tiav, nias Ctrl + X kom txuag tau cov ntaub ntawv.

18 ntawm 20

[miv] - Qhia cov txheej txheem ntawm cov ntaub ntawv

Qhia cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov ntaub ntawv hauv lub davhlau ya nyob twg siv 'miv'. Image: Cai Richard Saville

Whilst koj siv tau 'nano' (saum toj no) los qhib cov ntaub ntawv rau kev kho, muaj cov lus txib cais koj siv tau los cias teev tus txheem ntawm cov ntaub ntawv hauv lub davhlau ya nyob twg.

Siv ' miv ' tom qab los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv lub npe ua qhov no, xws li ' miv myfile.txt '.

19 ntawm 20

[rm] - Tshem ib Cov Ntaub Ntawv

Tshem cov ntaub ntawv yooj yim siv 'rm'. Image: Cai Richard Saville

Tshem tawm cov ntaub ntawv yog yooj yim rau cov menyuam txiv neej Pi, thiab yog ib yam uas koj yuav ua ntau ntau thaum koj ua ntau ntau ntawm cov ntaub ntawv Python whilst koj cov teeb meem.

Tshem tawm cov ntaub ntawv, peb siv cov lus hais ua ' rm ' raws li cov npe filename. Ib qho piv txwv yuav ' rm myfile.txt '.

20 ntawm 20 xyoo

[cp] - Luam ib Cov Ntaub Ntawv los yog Phau Ntawv Qhia

Luam cov ntaub ntawv siv 'cp'. Image: Cai Richard Saville

Thaum koj xav tau ib daim qauv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv los sis cov directory, siv lub ' cp ' command.

Txhawm rau ua ib daim qauv ntawm koj cov ntaub ntawv hauv tib lub directory, sau qhov kev hais ua lus ' cp original_file new_file '

Txhawm rau ua ib daim ntawv teev npe txawv, nrog tib lub npe, sau qhov kev hais ua ' cp original_file home / pi / subdirectory '

Los luam ib phau ntawv teev tag nrho (thiab nws cov txheem), sau qhov kev hais ua lus ' cp -R home / pi / folder_one home / pi / folder_two '. Qhov no yuav luam 'folder_one' rau 'folder_two'.

Muaj ntau ntau ntxiv los kawm

Cov no 20 lus txib yuav pab tau koj pib nrog koj tus txivneej Pi - muab kho dua rau software, kev nrhiav kev qhia, tsim cov ntaub ntawv thiab feem ntau ua haujlwm rau koj txoj kev ncig. Koj yuav tsis muaj kev vam meej los ntawm daim ntawv sau no thaum koj tau txais kev tso siab, pib ua cov haujlwm thiab tsim kom muaj kev xav paub ntau tshaj cov lus txib.