(Nws yog cai grey nyob zoo)
Sib koom ntaus suab paj nruag hauv internet: qee cov suab paj nruag ntxub nws, qee cov suab paj nruas nyiam nws. Nws yog kev cai lij choj hauv Tebchaws Meskas. Nws tau loj hlob tsis zoo hauv Canada. Thiab tsheej lab ntawm cov neeg ua nws txhua hnub, tsis hais txog.
Nws hu ua & # 34; Peer-to-Peer Sharing & # 34; (P2P)
Nws yog raws li kev sib koom tes ntawm ntau txhiab tus neeg siv. P2P ua haujlwm los ntawm kev koom nrog cov neeg yeem tsim tshwj xeeb nruab file-sharing software rau lawv cov tshuab. Thaum uas P2P software nyob rau hauv qhov chaw, cov neeg siv no pib ua suab paj nruag MP3 thiab AVI cov ntaub ntawv ntawm lawv cov nkauj thiab yeeb yaj kiab. Kev sib koom tes ua haujlwm los ntawm txhua tus neeg siv sib koom khoom me me ntawm ib lub sijhawm. Tsis muaj nqi, tsis muaj nqi ... nws yog ib qho yooj yim li thaum ua Google tshawb.
Cov ntaub ntawv no ua lag luam, hu ua "uploading and downloading", yog lub hauv paus ntawm P2P hauv lub zej zog Txawm hais tias cov ntaub ntawv muaj feem ntau loj (ntawm 5 megabytes mus txog 5 gigabytes), P2P software yuav ua rau koj qhov kev txuas bandwidth ua tau zoo dua. Rau tsheej lab ntawm cov neeg, nws muaj peev xwm mus download tau tag nrho cov suab paj nruag CD hauv ib teev, thiab tag nrho cov yeeb yaj duab nyob rau hauv qab 3 teev.
Lub Controversy Tshaj P2P
Cov kev tsis sib haum xeeb zoo dua li cov cai thiab cov nyiaj: cov suab paj nruag thiab yeeb yaj duab ntxias hais tias lawv tsis tau them ncaj thaum cov neeg siv cov ntaub ntawv tsis muaj cov yeeb yaj kiab tso cai tso cai
Nyob rau hauv Canada, cov lus sib cav sib ceg tau txiav txim tias nws yog ib nrab-txoj cai ... Canadians download tau suab paj nruag, tab sis tsis muab nws, thiab CRIA cai yuav tsum tsis tas yuav pub saib cov npe ntawm ISP cov neeg siv P2P. Nyob rau lwm qhov chaw ntawm lub ntiaj teb xws li Asmesliskas, UK, Australia, thiab Tebchaws Europe, cov ntaub ntawv sib foob tuaj yeem raug foob rau hauv kev ua txhaum hauv chav ua haujlwm, feem ntau rau kaum tawm txhiab nyiaj. Nyob rau hauv ob peb hom kev sib thab, tsoom fwv cov teb chaws Australia thiab teb chaws As Mes Lis Kas no tau them qee cov ntaub ntawv muab cov ntaub ntawv hauv kev cai ntawm crown. Txawm li cas los xij cov kev cai lij choj txoj kev cai lij choj no, tsheej plhom tus neeg tseem tseem ua lag luam txhua hnub.
Napster thiab Keeb Kwm ntawm P2P
Napster Inc. tau tsim nyob rau lub Tsib Hlis 1999 los ntawm Shawn Fanning (PC Magazine Technical Excellence Award Winner of the Year 2000) thiab Sean Parker, tus thawj tus tsim. Ib qhov kev pabcuam rau kev sib koom tes ntawm cov lab ntawm cov suab paj nruag lub npe, P2P network ntawm cov ntaub ntawv "real-time" trading kuj siv chav sib tham nrog "instant messaging" thiab ib qho "hotlist" muaj nuj nqi thiab twb txawm muaj suab npe nyob rau hauv Download Spotlight ntawm lub muaj npe nrov Download.com .
Napster yog qhov ua tau zoo , tshaj li 70 lab cov neeg siv hauv nws lub zej zog. Txawm tias ntau tshaj lij: kwv yees li ntawm 85% ntawm tag nrho cov tub ntxhais kawm ntawv hauv lub ntiaj teb no yog ib feem ntawm pawg ntawd, thiab lawv tswj hwm los ntawm 2.79 billions! Qhov no downloading kuj attracted cov xim ntawm mega-ntxias; Metallica thiab Dr. Dre. Ob tug neeg ua yeeb yam no tau zoo siab hlo tawm tsam txoj kev ywj pheej ntawm lawv cov suab paj nruag.
Thaum lub Kaum Ob Hlis Ntuj xyoo 1999, Lub Koom Haum Rau Kev Ua Lag Luam ntawm Tebchaws Amelikas (RIAA) tau qhib ib lub rooj sibtham tawm tsam Napster Inc., ua txhaum nws nrog kev ua txhaum txoj cai kev cuam tshuam (piv txwv, pab cuam thiab pab txhawb lwm tus neeg txoj cai kev cuam tshuam).
- Cary Sherman, tus thawj coj tus thawj tswj hwm thiab General counselors rau RIAA, tau qhia txog Napster cov kev ua ub ua no xws li: "facilitating piracy, thiab sim tsim kom tau ib lub lag luam ntawm nraub qaum ntawm cov neeg ua yeeb yam thiab cov tswv cuab".
- Metallica thiab Dr. Dre kuj tau tawm ib tus neeg lub rooj plaub tawm tsam Napster rau peb lub plab nres ntawm nws cov haujlwm.
Nyob rau lub Ob Hlis 2001, ib tug kws txiav txim plaub txiav txim tias Napster tau tsum tso tseg txoj cai ntawm cov khoom siv los ntawm nws lub network. Daim ntawv teev cov tuam txhab muab cov npe ntawm ntau tshaj 250,000 zaj nkauj lub npe rau kev tshem tawm sai ntawm Napster lub network. Nyob rau hauv Lub Xya Hli Xyoo 2001, ib tus kws txiav txim hais rau Napster nws yuav tsum thaiv tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv infringing copyright, zoo yuam nws kaw. Napster folded nyob rau hauv lub Cuaj Hli Ntuj 2002, tom qab nws tsis khoom muag mus rau Bertelsmann AG.
Napster twb tau reborn nyob rau hauv ib qho yooj yim thiab tamer li "Napster 2.0", uas tam sim no yog ib qho faib ntawm Roxio, Inc. Napster 2.0 tau cog cov txheej txheem uas nws kim heev nrog cov ntawv teev npe loj. Yog tias koj kam them tus nqi siv ntawm $ 10 USD ib hlis twg, koj tuaj yeem ua raws li 500,000 zaj nkauj ntawm txhua hom suab nkauj ntawm Napster 2.0. Hmoov tsis, Napster 2.0 tsuas yog muaj rau cov neeg nyob hauv Tebchaws Meskas nkaus xwb, thiab tsis txaus siab rau qhov tom qab ntawm nws xyoo 1999-2002.
P2P Niaj hnub no
Cov chaw no tau tswj hwm txoj cai lij choj rau lub sij hawm no: Tshaj tawm, Limewire, Gnutella, OpenNap, KaZaA, Morpheus, WinMX, thiab FastTrack. Cov P2P cov zej zog muaj qhov xwm txheej ntawm kev ua txhaum cai, tab sis lab tus neeg siv tseem siv lawv cov kev pab txhua hnub.