RAID yog ib txoj hauv kev uas tsim tau rau lub lag luam network ua lag luam raws li ib txoj kev tsim cov khoom loj ntawm qis dua. Yeej tseem zoo, nws yuav siv ntau nqi qis zog thiab muab lawv tso ua ke los ntawm ib tug tswj kom muab ib lub zog loj dua. Qhov no yog qhov RAID hais txog: redundant array of cheap drives lossis disks. Yuav kom ua tau li no, tshwj xeeb software thiab controllers raug xav tau los tswj cov ntaub ntawv raug phua ntawm ntau lub ntsiab muag.
Nws thiaj li, ua lub hwjchim ntawm koj tus qauv siv computer tso cai rau cov yam ntxwv ntxig lawv txoj kev mus rau hauv lub lag luam tus kheej lub computer .
Tam sim no RAID cia tej zaum yuav yog software lossis hardware , thiab siv tau rau peb lub hom phiaj. Cov no muaj xws li muaj peev xwm, kev ruaj ntseg, thiab kev ua tau zoo. Peev xwm yog ib qho yooj yooj yim uas feem ntau muaj kev koom tes hauv txhua hom kev teeb tsa RAID siv. Piv txwv, ob lub zog loj tuaj yeem txuas ua ke ua ib qho tsav tsheb mus rau qhov kev khiav hauj lwm uas tau ua ib qho kev tsav tsheb uas yog ob zaug. Kev ua yog lwm qhov tseem ceeb rau kev siv lub teeb RAID ntawm lub computer. Nyob rau hauv tib qho piv txwv ntawm ob qhov kev siv ob qho tib si, tus maub los tau faib cov ntaub ntawv zuj zus mus rau ob sab thiab tom qab ntawd tso rau txhua qhov ntawm ib qho chaw tsav tsheb. Qhov no zoo tshaj plaws ua ob txoj kev sau ntawv los yog nyeem cov ntaub ntawv ntawm lub system cia. Thaum kawg, RAID yuav siv tau rau cov ntaub ntawv kev ruaj ntseg.
Qhov no yog ua los ntawm kev siv qee qhov chaw ntawm lub ntsiab lus kom tseemceeb clone cov ntaub ntawv uas sau rau ob lub ntsiab lus. Ib zaug ntxiv, nrog ob lub ntsiab lus peb ua tau kom nws thiaj li tau muab cov ntaub ntawv sau tseg rau ob qho tib si. Yog li, yog tias ib tus tsav tsis, qhov tod tseem muaj cov ntaub ntawv.
Raws li cov hom phiaj ntawm cov khoom khaws cia uas koj xav muab tso ua ke rau koj lub computer system, koj yuav siv ib qho ntawm ntau theem ntawm RAID kom ua tau raws li peb lub hom phiaj no.
Rau cov neeg uas siv cov tsav nyuaj hauv lawv lub computer , kev ua haujlwm yuav yog ntau dua qhov teeb meem dua li muaj peev xwm. Ntawm qhov tod tes, cov neeg uas siv lub xeev cov drives yuav xav tau ib txoj kev los coj cov tsav me me thiab txuas lawv ua ke los ua ib tus tsav loj dua. Yog li cia wb saib ntau qib ntawm RAID uas siv tau nrog lub tshuab computer.
RAID 0
Qhov no yog theem qis tshaj ntawm RAID thiab yeej tsis muaj ib daim ntawv tso tawm uas yog vim li cas nws raug xa mus rau ib theem 0. Qhov tseemceeb, RAID 0 siv ob lossis ntau tsav thiab muab lawv tso ua ke kom muaj lub peev xwm loj dua. Qhov no yog tiav los ntawm tus processor hu ua striping. Cov ntaub ntawv cov ntawv thaiv tau tawg tuaj rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv cov chunks thiab tom qab ntawd sau rau hauv kev txiav txim siab thoob cov tsav. Qhov no muaj kev ua tau zoo dua vim tias cov ntaub ntawv tuaj yeem sau tau tib lub sijhawm rau tus tsav tsheb los ntawm tus maub los ua kom sib kis ceev ceev ntawm cov tsav tsheb. Hauv qab no yog ib qho piv txwv ntawm seb qhov no yuav ua hauj lwm li cas ntawm peb qho kev daws teeb meem:
| Tsav Tsheb 1 | Tsav 2 | Tsav 3 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nris 1 | 1 | 2 | 3 |
| Thaiv 2 | 4 | 5 | 6 |
| Thaiv 3 | 7 | 8 | 9 |
Hauv kev txiav txim siab rau RAID 0 kom ua haujlwm zoo rau kev txhawb nqa qhov kev ua tiav ntawm qhov system, koj yuav tau sim thiab muaj cov cim sib tw. Txhua tsav tsheb yuav tsum muaj tib lub peev xwm thiab kev ua yeeb yam.
Yog hais tias lawv tsis ua, ces lub peev xwm yuav raug txwv rau ntau tus me tshaj ntawm cov tsav tsheb thiab kev ua haujlwm rau qeeb ntawm qeeb vim nws yuav tsum tau tos rau tag nrho cov kab txaij yuav tsum tau sau ua ntej yuav tsiv mus rau lwm qhov. Nws yog ua tau rau siv cov ntsiab lus tsis zoo sib xws, tiam sis ua li ntawd, tus txheej txheem JBOD yuav zoo dua.
JBOD tsuas yog ib pawg ntawm cov neeg tsav tsheb thiab zoo nkaus xwb yog cov sau ntawm cov tsav uas tuaj yeem nkag mus rau ntawm ib leeg tab sis tshwm sim ua ib qho cia rau hauv qhov kev khiav hauj lwm. Qhov no yog feem ntau tau los ntawm kev muaj cov ntaub ntawv kev sib tw khiav ntawm nruab nrab. Feem ntau qhov no yog hu ua SPAN lossis BIG.
Qhov zoo, qhov kev khiav hauj lwm pom lawv tag nrho li ib zaug xwb, tiam sis cov ntawv yuav sau ua ntej thawj disk mus txog thaum nws nyob, ces ua tiav mus rau qhov thib ob, ces tus thib peb, thiab lwm yam. Qhov no pab tau kom ntxiv kev nkag mus rau hauv lub computer uas muaj thiab nrog rau kev tsav tsheb ntawm ntau ntau tab sis nws yuav tsis nce cov kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov tsav tsheb.
Qhov loj tshaj teeb meem nrog RAID 0 thiab JBOD setups yog cov ntaub ntawv kev ruaj ntseg. Txij li thaum koj muaj ntau lub ntsiab, qhov muaj feem ntawm kev ua tsis ncaj ncees ntawm cov ntaub ntawv nce ntxiv vim tias koj muaj cov ntsiab lus ntau ntawm qhov tsis ua hauj lwm . Yog tias tsav tsheb hauv RAID 0 array tsis tiav, tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv tiav tsis tiav. Nyob hauv JBOD, tsav tsis ua hauj lwm yuav ua rau poob ntawm cov ntaub ntawv uas tau tshwm sim rau ntawm tus tsav. Yog li ntawd, nws yog qhov zoo tshaj rau cov uas xav siv txoj kev ntawm qhov kev khaws cia kom muaj lwm yam txhais tau tias kom rov qab tau lawv cov ntaub ntawv.
RAID 1
Qhov no yog thawj theem ntawm RAID raws li nws muab tag nrho theem ntawm redundancy rau cov ntaub ntawv khaws cia ntawm cov array. Qhov no yog ua los ntawm tus txheej txheem uas hu ua mirroring. Ua tau zoo, tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv uas sau rau lub system raug theej rau txhua tsav hauv theem 1 array. Daim ntawv no ntawm RAID feem ntau yog ua tiav nrog ib tug neeg tsav tsheb li kev ntxiv cov drives yuav tsis ntxiv cov peev xwm ntxiv, tsuas yog ntau dua ntxiv. Kom zoo dua ib qho piv txwv ntawm qhov no, ntawm no yog daim duab qhia tias nws yuav sau li cas rau ob lub ntsiab lus:
| Tsav Tsheb 1 | Tsav 2 | |
|---|---|---|
| Nris 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Thaiv 2 | 2 | 2 |
| Thaiv 3 | 3 | 3 |
Yuav kom tau txais kev siv tau zoo tshaj plaws los ntawm RAID 1 teeb, lawv lub cev yuav siv dua qhov sib npaug ntawm qhov sib npaug uas muaj peev xwm thiab kev ua tau zoo.
Yog hais tias tsis siv cov cim drives, ces qhov muaj peev xwm yuav muaj peev xwm sib npaug li tsawg tshaj plaws ntawm cov tsav hauv cov qauv. Piv txwv li, yog tias ib nrab thiab ib nrab terabyte thiab ib lub tsheb terabyte tsav tau siv hauv RAID 1 array, lub peev xwm ntawm no array ntawm lub cev yuav tsuas yog ib qho xwb terabyte.
Qib no ntawm RAID zoo heev rau cov ntaub ntawv kev ruaj ntseg vim tias ob qhov kev tsav yog zoo ib yam. Yog hais tias ib qho ntawm ob lub drives tsis, ces tus lwm muaj tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv ntawm lwm. Qhov teeb meem nrog hom teeb no feem ntau yog txiav txim siab ntawm cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev tsav tsheb ua tsis tau zoo vim hais tias feem ntau qhov cia ua tsis tiav thaum ib qho ntawm ob qho kev ua tsis tiav thiab yuav tsis tau txum tim qub kom txog thaum tus neeg tsav tsheb tshiab tso rau ntawm qhov chaw ua tsis tau zoo thiab kev rov qab txheej txheem khiav. Raws li tau hais ua ntej, kuj tsis muaj kev kawm tau ntawm txhua qhov ntawm qhov no. Qhov tseeb, yuav muaj qhov kev kawm me me poob los ntawm kev siv nyiaj ntau ntawm cov maub los rau RAID.
RAID 1 + 0 lossis 10
Qhov no yog qhov sib txuam ua ke ntawm ob qho tib si RAID qib 0 thiab theem 1 . Ua tau zoo, tus maub los yuav tsum muaj yam tsawg kawg ntawm plaub tshav puav kom ua haujlwm hauv hom no vim tias nws yuav ua li cas yog ua ob tog ntawm kev tsav. Thawj txheej drives yog ib cov qauv ntawm cov duab clones ntawm ob qho tib si. Qhov thib ob txheej txheem ntawm drives tseem yog mirrored tab sis teem mus yuav tus seev cev ntawm thawj. Qhov no muab tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv muab rov qab thiab kev ua tau zoo. Hauv qab no yog ib qho piv txwv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv yuav sau li cas ntawm plaub kev siv cov hom teeb:
| Tsav Tsheb 1 | Tsav 2 | Tsav 3 | Tsav 4 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nris 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 |
| Thaiv 2 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 4 |
| Thaiv 3 | 5 | 5 | 6 | 6 |
Yuav tsis ncaj ncees, qhov no tsis yog hom RAID yuav tsum khiav ntawm lub computer system. Thaum nws muab ib co kev ua tau zoo tshaj plaws nws yeej tsis zoo li vim yog qhov loj npaum li cas ntawm kev siv nyiaj hauv lub cev. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws yog ib qho chaw pov tseg loj heev ntawm qhov chaw raws li tus tsav array yuav tsuas yog ib nrab ntawm lub peev xwm ntawm tag nrho cov kev sib sau ua ke. Yog siv cov cim drives tsis yog siv, qhov kev ua haujlwm yuav raug txwv kom qis tshaj ntawm cov tsav tsheb thiab lub peev xwm yuav yog ob chav me tshaj.
RAID 5
Qhov no yog theem siab tshaj plaws ntawm RAID uas tuaj yeem pom hauv cov tshuab computer hauv computer thiab yog ib txoj hauv kev zoo tshaj plaws rau kev tsim peev txheej thiab kev ua haujlwm ntxiv. Nws ua tiav qhov no los ntawm ib txoj hauv kev ntawm cov ntaub ntawv txawb nrog parity. Tsawg kawg ntawm peb qhov tsav yog tsim nyog los ua qhov no vim cov ntaub ntawv faib ua kab txaig ntawm ob peb lub drives, tiam sis tom qab ntawd ib qho thaiv thoob plaws lub stripe yog muab tso rau kev sib npaug. Kom piav qhov zoo dua no, cia ua ntej saib xyuas saib cov ntaub ntawv yuav sau li cas ntawm peb lub ntsiab lus:
| Tsav Tsheb 1 | Tsav 2 | Tsav 3 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nris 1 | 1 | 2 | p |
| Thaiv 2 | 3 | p | 4 |
| Thaiv 3 | p | 5 | 6 |
Hauv qhov tseem ceeb, cov tsav tswj yuav siv lub thooj ntawm cov ntaub ntawv los sau rau tag nrho cov kev tsav tsheb hauv lub array. Thawj ntsis ntawm cov ntaub ntawv raug muab tso rau thawj tus tsav thiab lub thib ob yog muab tso rau ntawm ob. Qhov thib peb tsav tau qhov parity ntsis uas yog qhov tseem ceeb sib piv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv binary ntawm thawj thiab ob. Hauv binary lej, koj tsuas muaj 0 thiab 1. Ib qho kev ua zauv hauv kev ua tiav yog los sib piv cov khoom. Yog tias ob leeg ntxiv rau ib qho xov tooj (0 + 0 lossis 1 + 1) ces qhov sib npaug ntsis yuav xoom. Yog tias ob leeg ntxiv rau ib qho khib naj npawb (1 + 0 lossis 0 + 1) ces qhov sib npaug ntsis yuav yog ib qho. Yog vim li cas qhov no yog tias yog ib qho ntawm lub drives tsis, tus maub los ces mam li xyuas seb cov ntaub ntawv uas ploj lawm yog li cas. Piv txwv li, yog tias tsav ib qho tsis ua tiav, ces cia li tsav ob thiab peb, thiab tsav ob leeg tau muaj cov ntaub ntawv thaiv ntawm ib qho thiab tsav peb muaj ib qho parity block ntawm ib qho, ces cov ntaub ntawv thaiv ntawm tsav yuav tsum yog zero.
Qhov no muab cov ntaub ntawv zoo dua ntxiv uas tso cai rau tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv kom rov qab muaj thaum tsis tsav tsheb. Tam sim no rau feem coob ntawm cov neeg siv kev teeb tsa, ib qho kev ua hauj lwm yuav tseem ua rau lub cev tsis yog vim nws tsis yog nyob hauv lub xeev. Yuav kom tau txais lub cev ua haujlwm, nws yog qhov yuav tsum tau hloov tus tsav tsheb tsis tau nrog tsav tshiab. Tom qab ntawd yuav tsum ua kom tiav cov ntaub ntawv ntawm theem ntawm cov qib theem uas yuav ua li ntawd ua ib qhov rov qab boolean kom rov tsim cov ntaub ntawv ntawm tus tsav ploj lawm. Qhov no tuaj yeem siv qee lub sij hawm, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau cov muaj peev xwm loj dua, tiam sis nws yog tsawg kawg rov qab.
Tam sim no lub peev xwm ntawm RAID 5 array yog nyob ntawm seb muaj pes tsawg tus drives nyob rau hauv lub array thiab lawv muaj peev xwm. Ib zaug ntxiv, tus array yog txwv los ntawm tus me tshaj peev tsav hauv cov array ces nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws los siv cov khoom sib piv matched. Qhov chaw cia tau zoo yog sib npaug ntawm cov tsav tsheb tsawg zaus ib zaug rau lub sijhawm qis tshaj. Li ntawd hauv kev ua lej, nws yog (n-1) * Capacitymin . Yog li, yog tias koj muaj peb 2GB drives hauv ib RAID 5 array, tag nrho cov peev xwm yuav 4GB. Lwm RAID 5 array uas siv plaub 2GB drives yuav muaj 6GB ntawm lub peev xwm.
Tam sim no kev kawm rau lub RAID 5 yog qhov teeb meem ntau dua li lwm cov qauv ntawm RAID vim tias txoj kev muaj txheej txheem boolean uas yuav tsum tau ua kom tiav qhov sib npaug ntsis thaum cov ntaub ntawv raug sau rau cov tsav tsheb. Qhov no txhais tau hais tias qhov kev kawm sau ntawv yuav tsawg tshaj li ntawm RAID 0 array nrog tib cov naj npawb. Nyeem kev ua tau zoo, ntawm qhov tod tes, tsis raug kev txom nyem ntau npaum li qhov sau ntawv vim hais tias txoj kev ua tsis tiav ntawm lub npliag los ntawm kev ua tsis tiav vim nws nyeem cov ntaub ntawv ncaj nraim los ntawm cov tsav tsheb.
Qhov Loj Lawm Nrog Txhua Tus RAID Setups
Peb tau sib tham txog ntau yam kev pom zoo thiab kev quab yuam ntawm txhua theem ntawm RAID uas siv tau rau hauv cov computers hauv computer, tiam sis nws tseem muaj lwm qhov teeb meem uas ntau tus neeg tsis paub thaum nws los tsim kom muaj RAID drive setups. Ua ntej yuav siv RAID teeb, nws yuav tsum xub ua ntej los ntawm cov khoom lag luam software los yog hauv software ntawm qhov operating system. Qhov no tseem yuav pib qhov tshwj xeeb formatting kom ua raws nraim li cov ntaub ntawv yuav sau thiab nyeem ntawm tus tsav.
Qhov no ntshe tsis suab zoo li ib qho teeb meem, tiam sis nws yog tias koj twb xav hloov koj li cas koj xav tau koj tus RAID array. Piv txwv li, hais tias koj tab tom khiav qis ntawm cov ntaub ntawv thiab xav ntxiv ib qho tsav ntxiv rau ib qho RAID 0 los yog RAID 5 array. Feem ntau, koj yuav tsis tuaj yeem ua tsis tau thawj zaug kho RAID array uas yuav tshem tawm ib yam ntawm cov ntaub ntawv uas tau khaws cia rau hauv cov ntawv no. Qhov no txhais tau tias koj yuav tsum tau rov qab tau koj cov ntaub ntawv, ntxiv cov tshiab tsav, reconfigure tus tsav array, hom ntawv tsav array, thiab ces restore koj cov ntaub ntawv qub rov qab rau tus tsav. Qhov ntawd kuj yog ib txoj kev mob siab heev. Vim li ntawd, xyuas kom tseeb tias koj yeej muaj cov array teeb txog txoj kev uas koj xav tau thawj zaug koj ua.