Ntawm no yog dab tsi CPU kab thiab cov kev tu ncua thiab koj yuav ua li cas rau lawv
Ib qho teeb meem nrog ib lub CPU , "lub paj hlwb" ntawm koj lub computer los yog lwm yam khoom siv, feem ntau muaj peev xwm raug categorized raws li kab los yog ib qhov yuam kev . Nyob hauv cov ntsiab lus no, ib qho teeb meem ntawm CPU yog qhov teeb meem nrog nws uas yuav raug kho los yog ua hauj lwm ib ncig uas tsis cuam tshuam rau ntawm qhov system, thaum lub teeb meem ntawm CPU yog qhov teeb meem tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum muaj kev hloov txhua yam.
Cov teeb meem zoo li no nrog CPUs feem ntau tshwm sim vim yog kev ua yuam kev thaum tsim los tsim khoom ntawm lub nti. Raws li qhov tshwj xeeb CPU kab / qhov ncauj, qhov teebmeem yuav yog txhua yam los ntawm kev kawm tsis zoo rau kev ruaj ntseg vulnerabilities ntawm ntau yam mob hnyav.
Kho cov teeb meem ntawm CPU los yog kab teeb meem yog ua haujlwm ua tus software siv nrog CPU, feem ntau yog ua los ntawm kev hloov software, lossis hloov CPU nrog ib qho uas tsis muaj qhov teeb meem. Seb nws puas tau hloov lossis ua hauj lwm los ntawm ib qho software hloov tshiab nyob ntawm qhov loj thiab tsis yooj yim ntawm CPU qhov teeb meem.
Meltdown & amp; Specter Flaws
Lub Meltdown CPU qhov khuam yog thawj zaug qhia rau pej xeem los ntawm Google Project Xoom hauv 2018, thiab Cyberes Technology thiab Graz University of Technology. Specter tau qhia tawm tib lub xyoo los ntawm Rambus, Google Project Zero, thiab tshawb nrhiav ntawm ntau lub tebchaws.
Tus processor siv qhov kev hu ua "speculative execution" los twv seb nws yuav raug hais kom ua li cas thiaj li txuag tau lub sijhawm. Thaum nws ua li no, nws rub tawm cov ntaub ntawv ntawm RAM , koj lub computer los sis lub cim ua haujlwm, los sau cov lus qhia txog qhov tam sim no mus rau qhov twg thiab nws yuav tsum ua li cas ntxiv ua ib qho kev ua raws li cov lus qhia tshiab.
Qhov teeb meem yog thaum tus processor npaj nws cov yeeb yam thiab queues li cas nws mam li ua tom ntej, cov ntaub ntawv no tej zaum yuav raug thiab "tawm hauv qhib" rau siab phem software los yog cov websites mus coj thiab nyeem raws li lawv tus kheej.
Qhov no txhais tau hais tias tus kab mob ntawm koj lub computer los yog lub vas sab yuav ua rau, cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm CPU los saib seb nws sau los ntawm kev nco, uas yuav yog txhua yam uas tam sim no qhib thiab raug siv hauv lub cuab yeej, nrog rau cov ntaub ntawv tsis zoo xws li passwords , duab, thiab cov ntaub ntawv them nyiaj.
Cov CPU teeb meem cuam tshuam txhua hom ntawm cov cuab yeej khiav ntawm Intel, AMD, thiab lwm yam kev lag luam, thiab cuam tshuam cov khoom zoo li smartphones, cov lag luam, thiab cov laptops, thiab cov ntaub ntawv hauv online cia nyiaj, thiab lwm yam.
Vim hais tias ntawm kev sib sib zog nqus tau li cas hauv cov teeb meem no muaj nyob rau hauv cov teeb meem uas cuam tshuam, hloov qhov kho vajtse yog qhov kev daws teeb meem xwb. Txawm li cas los, ua kom koj software thiab operating system hloov tshiab yuav muab tau ua haujlwm kom zoo, ua kom zoo dua yog tias koj tus software nkag mus rau CPU, yeej tseem ua teeb meem.
Nov yog qee cov tub ntxhais kawm tshiab uas tau muab ntim rau Meltdown thiab Specter:
- Qhov rai 10 yog patched nrog KB4056892 hloov tshiab, uas yuav tau ntsia manually los ntawm qhov txuas tab sis qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntsia los ntawm Windows Update .
- Cov nram qab no tau raug tso tawm rau macOS: Higher Sierra 10.13.2, Security Update 2018-001 rau Sierra, thiab Security Update 2018-001 rau El Capitan.
- Hauv cov twj siv khiav ntawm xyoo 2018-01-05 Kev Thaj Tsab Thaj Tsav thiab tom qab yog kev tiv thaiv.
- Kua iOS no twb patched nrog iOS no 11.2.2 rau "mitigate cov teebmeem ntawm Specter" hauv Safari web browser.
- Firefox browsers tshiab rau tsawg kawg version 57.0.4 yog kev tiv thaiv. Saib Kuv Yuav Ua Li Cas Thiaj Hloov Pes Tsawg? yog tias koj xav tau kev pab.
- Safari 11.0.2 yog tso tawm rau MacOS Sierra thiab OS X El Capitan.
Tswv yim: Nco ntsoov xyuas kom tseeb tias koj tabtom tso npe tshiab rau koj lub operating system thiab software raws li lawv tau ua! Qhov ntawd txhais tau tias tsis tshaj tawm cov ntawv ceeb toom hauv koj lub computer los yog smartphone thiab ua qhov zoo tshaj plaws kom koj cov kev pabcuam software tshiab raws li cov tshiab versions thiab cov xov xwm tawm tshiab.
Pentium FDIV kab
Cov kab lus CPU no tau pom los ntawm Lynchburg College tus xibfwb Thomas Nicely nyob rau xyoo 1994, uas nws xub qhia tawm hauv email.
Pentium FDIV kab laum tshuam teeb meem ntawm Intel Pentium chips nkaus xwb, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau thaj tsam ntawm CPU hu ua "floating point unit," uas yog ib feem ntawm tus processor uas ua lej kev khiav haujlwm zoo li sib ntxiv, rho tawm, thiab khu, ua haujlwm.
Cov kab lus CPU no yuav ua rau cov ntawv txiav txim siab txiav txim siab tsis zoo, xws li lub laij lej thiab cov ntaub ntawv tshaj tawm. Qhov ua yuam kev yog qhov yuam kev programming uas qee cov kev tshawb nrhiav cov lej raug rho tawm, thiab yog li cov lus teb uas yuav tsum tau nkag mus rau cov ntawv ntxhuav tsis meej raws li lawv tau ua.
Txawm li cas los xij, nws tau xam pom tias Pentium FDIV kab laib yuav muab tsis tau cov txiaj ntsim hauv tsuas yog 1 tawm ntawm txhua 9 npav floating accounting calculations, thiab nws tsuas yog pom hauv cov me me tiag tiag lossis coob heev, feem ntau ntawm 9 lossis 10 tus lej.
Hais tias, muaj teeb meem tsis sib haum txog ntau npaum li cas qhov kab no yuav yog qhov teeb meem, nrog Intel hais tias nws tsuas yog tshwm sim rau nruab nrab neeg siv ib zaug txhua txhua 27,000 xyoo , nyob IBM hais tias nws yuav tshwm sim ntau npaum li txhua 24 hnub.
Ntau yam thaj ua rau thaj tsam raug tso tawm ua hauj lwm nyob ib ncig ntawm kab no:
- Microsoft tso tawm thaj ua haujlwm rau Windows OS thiab Microsoft Excel. Cov ntaub ntawv muaj npe hu ua WW1140.EXE thiab WE1136.EXE , feem ntau, thiab tseem tuaj yeem raug downloaded ntawm qhov Microsoft Software Lub Tsev Khaws Tseg Qhov Chaw.
- Wolfram tso cov ntaub ntawv no rau nws qhov kev pabcuam Mathematica.
Nyob rau lub Kaum Ob Hlis xyoo 1994, Intel tau tshaj tawm txoj cai hloov txoj cai kom hloov tag nrho cov kev lag luam uas raug cuam tshuam los ntawm kab laum. CPUs xa tom qab tsis raug cuam tshuam los ntawm cov kab no, yog li siv lub Intel processor tsim tom qab xyoo 1994 tsis cuam tshuam dab tsi los ntawm qhov kev xyuam xim qhov teeb meem no.