Unix tsis yog ib qho kev khiav haujlwm nkaus xwb. Nws muaj ntau yam niaj hnub "flavors" -called variants, hom, distributions lossis implementations-branching los ntawm nws cov keeb kwm nyob rau hauv 1970s lub ntsiab ntawm kev sib txuas. Txawm hais tias raws li tus txheej txheem ntawm Unix txib, cov khoom sib txawv nyias muaj nyias cov cim tshwj xeeb thiab cov qauv thiab tsim los ua haujlwm nrog ntau hom kev kho vajtse.
Tsis muaj leej twg paub ntau npaum li cas Unix flavours muaj, tab sis nws muaj kev ruaj ntseg hais tias yog tias suav nrog tag nrho cov neeg uas tsis meej thiab dhau caij nyoog, tus naj npawb ntawm Unix flavors yog tsawg kawg hauv cov pua pua. Koj tuaj yeem hais qhia tau tias ib qho kev khiav hauj lwm muaj nyob hauv Unix tsev neeg yog tias nws muaj ib lub npe uas yog ib qho ua ke ntawm cov tsiaj ntawv U, kuv, thiab X.
Lub Koom Haum Ncig ntawm Unix
Kawm Unix cov kev siv sib txawv nyob rau hauv seb lawv nyob nraum qhib qhov chaw (piv txwv li, dawb mus download tau, siv los yog hloov kho) lossis kaw qhov chaw (piv txwv, cov ntaub ntawv tshwj xeeb binary tsis raug rau cov neeg siv kev hloov kho).
- Minix -a Unix-xws li qhib qhov project, tsis tshua muaj siv los ntawm cov neeg siv hauv tsev
- Linux -yog qhib qhov chaw coj los ua ib thaj chaw zoo li Unix rau ob qhov chaw thiab cov neeg rau zaub mov; Linux yog nyiam nrog lub tsev computer cov neeg txhawb
- Mac OS X- Apples tus desktop lub lag luam
- BSD s (FreeBSD, DragonflyBSD, NetBSD, OpenBSD) -a branch-off los ntawm cov lus tshaj plaws Unix specs, tom qab tsim cov qauv ntawm Berkeley Software Distribution
- AIX -a series ntawm Unix-based kev lag luam tsim los ntawm IBM rau nws cov servers
- Solaris -a proprietary neeg rau zaub mov khiav hauj lwm, raws li Unix, tsim los ntawm Sun Microsystems
- OpenSolaris -an qhib-qhov qhib variant ntawm Solaris
- HP-UX -a series ntawm Unix-based kev lag luam tsim los ntawm HP rau nws cov servers
Nrug Cov Neeg Siv Khoom
Xyoo, nyias muaj nyias lej uas nyiam Linux, tab sis ob peb sawv los ntawm kev tshaj plaws ntawm cov qauv computers. raws li qhia los ntawm DistroWatch, qhov chaw khiav dej num ntev uas nthuav dav Linux faib xov xwm. Qee qhov feem ntau cov khoom faib khwv tau tshaj plaws hauv 2017 muaj xws li:
- Mint -lub version of Ubuntu nrog software tsav ntxiv thiab kev kho me me
- Debian -this project bills nws tus kheej raws li "lub lag luam universal system" thiab nyiam ua lag luam cov kev lag luam thiab muaj lub hauv paus ntawm cov ntawv thov
- Manjaro -tsis muaj nyob rau hauv qhov project Arch, Manjaro txhawb ntau tus configurabilty
- Ubuntu -a tseem ceeb heev rau cov neeg ua lag luam hauv Linux, Ubuntu lub hom phiaj yog los muab cov khoom siv yooj yim-uas yog tsim tau zoo nkauj thiab yooj yim txawm hais lus thiab kev xiam oob khab
- Antergos -raws li nyob rau hauv qhov project Linux, qhov no faib tau nws tus kheej kev txhim kho kev pab cuam
- OpenSUSE -a long-running German faib uas yog lub zej zog version ntawm SUSE Linux coj mus muag
- Fedora -a zej zog yog ib qhov ntawm Red Hat
- Solus -a built-from-scratch tis ntawm Ireland nrog ib qhov chaw hauv kev cai hu ua "Budgie" uas zoo li lub qub GNOME 2 desktop
- Zorin -a muab faib rau cov kev xav-thiab-xav ntawm qhov rais los pab cov neeg siv Linux tshiab hloov ntawm Microsoft lub operating system
- Qib Elementary -raws li Ubuntu, elementaryos siv lub chaw nruab nrab hu ua Parthenon uas zoo li, qee txoj kev, Mac OS
Cov neeg muaj kev faib khoom yog hloov sai sai. Nyob rau xyoo 2002, qhov kev tshaj tawm sab saum toj 10, qhov kev txiav txim siab, yog Mandrake, Red Hat, Gentoo, Debian, Dab, SuSE, Slackware, Lycoris, Lindows thiab Xandros. Kaum tsib xyoos tom qab, tsuas yog Debian nyob rau saum 10 lub npe; qhov ntxiv siab tshaj plaws, Slackware, tau poob rau Tsis Ntev 33. Ntawm qhov kev faib khoom faib rau xyoo 2017, tsis muaj dab tsi tshwj Debian muaj nyob hauv xyoo 2002.
Linux Tshaj Tawm Cov Lus Tseeb
Confused txog twg Linux faib rau sim? Los ntawm cov duab neeg siv khoom, qhov loj tshaj plaws ntawm Linux flavors boils down cia li xaiv ob peb:
- Duab thaj chaw - zoo li Microsoft Windows los sis Mac OS X, Linux txhawb ntau qhov chaw sib txawv, txhua tus muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm lub npe-thiab-xav. Cov kev kawm muaj xws li Gnome (Cinnamon thiab MATE), KDE, Xfce thiab Budgie.
- Tus neeg saib xyuas kev ntiag tug -Linux cov kev pabcuam yog tsim los rau cov cuab yeej ntawm pob-tswj. Qhov loj tshaj plaws yog ntawm Red Hat Package tus thawj tswj ntaub ntawv los yog Debian cov ntaub ntawv, uas yog qhov txawv ntawm lawv RPM los yog DEB cov ntaub ntawv ncua ntxiv. Red Hat Linux siv RPMs, Ubuntu siv DEBs; converting ntawm ob yog tus neeg siv tawm kev paub zoo heev.
- FOSS txheej xwm -signable cov neeg siv tu siab txog qhov strictness ntawm ib qho kev faib ua raws rau Dawb thiab Qhib-Qhov Software cov txhooj.
Koj muaj peev xwm muaj Linux cuab yeej hauv lub xib teg ntawm koj txhais tes. Lub chaw khiav hauj lwm rau smartphones thiab ntsiav tshuaj raws Linux thiab pom tau tias yog hom Linux faib rau nws tus kheej txoj cai.