Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) yog ib qho kev sib txuas lus sib tham hauv Internet Protocol (IP) kev sib tham. ICMP hloov cov ntaub ntawv rau tus txheej xwm ntawm lub network nws tus kheej tsis yog cov ntaub ntawv thov. Ib qho IP network yuav tsum tau ICMP thiaj li ua tau zoo.
Cov lus ICMP yog ib hom lus ntawm IP lus txawv ntawm TCP thiab UDP .
Qhov zoo tshaj plaws-paub piv txwv ntawm ICMP messaging nyob rau hauv kev xyaum yog lub ping company, uas siv ICMP rau kev sojntsuam tej thaj chaw deb tshaj plaws rau kev ua haujlwm thiab ntsuas tag nrho round-trip lub sij hawm ntawm kev sojntsuam.
ICMP kuj txhawb lwm cov kev pabcuam xws li kev sibcuab uas taw qhia cov khoom nruab nrab ("hops") ntawm txoj kev ntawm ib qhov chaw thiab qhov chaw.
ICMP Versus ICMPv6
Tus thawj txhais ntawm ICMP tau txais kev tiv thaiv Internet Protocol version 4 (IPv4). IPv6 sib txuas ntxiv ntawm ib daim ntawv hloov tshiab ntawm qhov kev cai tswj raws cai hu ua ICMPv6 kom paub qhov txawv ntawm nws tus thawj ICMP (qee zaus hu ua ICMPv4).
ICMP Cov Xov Xwm thiab Cov Ntawv Xov Xwm
Cov ntaub ntawv ICMP nqa cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb rau kev khiav lag luam thiab kev tswj hwm ntawm lub computer network. Cov lus ceeb toom qhia txog tej yam kev mob xws li kev tsis pom kev, kev sib kis teeb meem, thiab teeb meem kev sib txuas lus.
Ib yam li lwm cov txheej txheem hauv IP neeg, ICMP txhais cov lus sib tshooj. Cov header muaj plaub hom nyob hauv cov nram qab no:
- Hom (8 khoom )
- Chaws (8 khoom)
- Checksum (16 khoom)
- ICMP Cov ntaub ntawv (32 khoom)
ICMP txhais cov npe ntawm cov lus sib txuas thiab muab cov zauv cim rau txhua tus.
Raws li qhia nyob rau hauv qab rooj, ICMPv4 thiab ICMPv6 muab qee tus xov hom (tab sis feem ntau nrog cov zauv sib txawv) thiab kuj muaj qee cov lus cim rau txhua tus. (Cov lus tshaj tawm kuj sib txawv me ntsis hauv lawv tus cwj pwm ntawm IP versions).
| v4 # | v6 # | Hom | Kev piav qhia |
|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 129 | Teb cov lus | Lus xa xa mus rau qhov lus teb rau Echo Thov (saib hauv qab) |
| 3 | 1 | Lo Lus Uas Peb Tsis Tuaj | Xa hauv xa mus rau ib qho IP lus ua undeliverable rau ib qho ntawm ntau yam yog vim li cas. |
| 4 | - | Qhov chaw quench | Ib qho cuab yeej tuaj yeem xa cov xov no rov qab mus rau tus neeg xa ntawv tuaj yeem tsim cov tsheb khiav hauv kev ceev dua nws tuaj yeem ua tiav. (Superseded los ntawm lwm txoj kev.) |
| 5 | 137 | Redirect Message | Routing devices tuaj yeem tsim tau hom no yog tias lawv pom tias muaj kev hloov hauv txoj kev xav tau rau IP xov xwm yuav tsum tau hloov. |
| 8 | 128 | Echo Thov | Xov xa los ntawm ping hlauv taws xob los xyuas cov lus teb ntawm lub hom phaj |
| 11 | 3 | Lub Sij Hawm Tshaj | Routers generated cov lus no thaum cov ntaub ntawv xa tawm tau txog nws qhov "hop" count limit. Siv los ntawm traceroute. |
| 12 | - | Parameter Qhov teeb meem | Generated thaum twg ib qho cuab yeej detects corrupted lossis tsis muaj ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv ib qho IP xov tuaj. |
| 13, 14 | - | Timestamp (Thov, Teb) | Tsim los ua kom cov sij hawm teev nruab nrab ntawm ob qho ntawm IPv4, (Superseded los ntawm lwm txoj kev txhim khu kev qha.) |
| - | 2 | Pob ntawv loj heev | Routers tsim cov lus qhia no thaum tau txais cov lus uas tsis tuaj yeem xa mus rau nws qhov chaw ua si vim muaj kev txwv ntau tshaj. |
Tus raws tu qauv yuav sau cov Code thiab ICMP cov ntaub ntawv nyob ntawm seb cov lus xaiv tau muab cov lus qhia ntxiv. Piv txwv li, Ib qho Lus Tawm Tsam Uas Tsis Muaj Kev Mus Nkuaj yuav muaj ntau ntau qhov Code raws li qhov xwm txheej ntawm txoj haujlwm tsis ua.