Capacitors yog ib qho ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob feem ntau thiab muaj ntau ntau hom kev lag luam. Txhua hom kev lag luam muaj cov txheej txheem thiab cov khoom uas ua rau lawv haum rau qee cov kev siv, cov cheeb tsam, thiab cov khoom. Capacitors feem ntau yog categorized los ntawm lawv daim form factor thiab dielectric khoom siv hauv lub capacitor. Txhua hom kev lag luam muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov muaj peev xwm thiab muaj txiaj ntsig rau kev tsim muaj peev xwm, kev ntsuas qhov muaj zog, kev ruaj ntseg kub, kev sib tw ua haujlwm (ESR), qhov loj me, thiab kev ntseeg tau uas cuam tshuam rau lawv txoj kev coj nyob hauv lub ntiaj teb . Cov kev sib txawv no muaj feem cuam tshuam txog kev xaiv lub capacitor, ua ib co capacitors zoo nyob rau hauv ib co kev siv thiab ib qhov teeb meem ntawm lwm tus.
Film Capacitors
Film capacitors yog ib hom kev lag luam ntau tshaj plaws. Film capacitors muaj xws li ib tsev neeg loj ntawm cov ciam hluav taws xob nrog lub ntsiab sib txawv ntawm cov khoom siv dielectric. Cov khoom siv uas siv los muaj xws li polyester (mylar), polystyrene, polypropylene polycarbonate, hlau ntawv thiab Teflon. Film capacitors muaj nyob rau hauv qhov tseem ceeb ntawm pF (picoFarads) mus txog 100 's uF (microFarads). Cov tub ntxhais cov duab hluav taws xob muaj peev xwm kuj muaj, nrog kev ntsuas siab tshaj 500 volts. Qhov zoo ntawm cov yeeb yaj duab capacitors, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov film capacitors uas siv cov yas yeeb yaj duab, yog lub neej ntev thiab qhov tseem ceeb ntawm qhov muaj peev xwm loj.
Film capacitors muaj nyob rau hauv ntau qhov ntau thiab tsawg ntawm daim ntawv sau. Qhov feem ntau hom ntawv rau cov yeeb yaj duab capacitors yog cylindrical, oval, puag ncig, thiab ntau yam thiab muaj feem xyuam nrog muaj axial thiab radial style ua.
Cov Cov Hluav Taws Xob Cov Hluav Taws Xob
Electrolytic capacitors muaj qee qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm txhua hom kev lag luam. Electrolytic capacitors yog tsim los ntawm cov xim hlau nyias nyias thiab cov kua hluav taws xob uas yog kua hlau kua hlau. Qhov yooj yim ntawm cov ntaub ntawv no tso cai rau lawv yuav tsum tau dov thiab muab ib thaj chaw loj thiab yog li ntawd pab tsim lub peev xwm loj. Vim tias cov kua dej los ntawm cov roj ntsha electrolytic yog siv thiab siv los ua ob lub electrolytic capacitor, nyias nyias dielectric oxide txheej zus nyob rau hauv cov xim hlau, kom tiv thaiv tau cov xim hlau tawm ntawm lub cev mus rau cov kua electrolytic. Dielectric zaj duab xis yog nyias nyias uas loj heev ua rau lub capacitance ntawm ib qho capacitor electrolytic.
Electrolytic capacitors tuaj nrog ob peb qhov tseem ceeb cov kev txwv, polarization thiab voltage kev. Cov teeb meem ntawm cov kua hluav taws xob (electrolytic capacitors) yog tias feem ntau lawv muaj polarized thiab kev tu xyuas yuav tsum tau coj los xyuas kom meej tias lawv raug siv. Muab ib lub hnab tsau cov roj ntsha tawm hauv qhov rov qab yuav ua rau kom tawg sai heev ntawm lub capacitor, feem ntau yog ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj rau txhua yam nyob ze. Tag nrho cov pa roj carbonarized electrolytic capacitors muaj cov kabmob khov kho rau lawv nrog ib tus neeg tsis pom kev uas qhia tias tus pin yuav tsum khaws cia ntawm qhov hluav taws xob qis tshaj plaws. Qhov ntsuas ntawm qhov hluav taws xob feem ntau ntawm cov electrolytic capacitors tsawg tsawg, tab sis lawv tuaj yeem nrhiav tau nrog cov nqi ntsuas txog ntau pua volts.
Qhov ob feem ntau hom electrolytic capacitors yog txhuas roj ntsha electrolytic thiab cov tantalum capacitors. Tantalum capacitors txawv ntawm feem ntau cov electrolytic capacitors nyob rau hauv uas lawv saib ntau dua li cov ceramic capacitors. Tsis zoo li cov kab xaum qhuav, cov tantalum capacitors muaj polarized. Txawm li cas los xij, cov tantalum capacitors muaj peev xwm ntau dua rau cov kev hloov polarities dua aluminium electrolytic capacitors thiab qee zaum muab tso ua ke nrog ob qho chaw tsis zoo txuas nrog rau ib qho "non-polarized" tantalum capacitor. Tantalum capacitors muaj ntau yam tsawg dua cov kaus poom los ntawm cov hlau electrolytic thiab muaj cov dej ntws tsawg dua uas ua rau lawv muaj kev xaiv zoo dua rau cov teeb liab ntau hauv kev sib txuas, kev xa, kev sib tw, kev lim dej, thiab cov sijhawm siv sijhawm.
Ceramic Capacitors
Tej cov hlab ntim qe yog siv qee feem ntau cov kev siv lub tshuab siv, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv daim ntaub ntawv saum toj. Lawv tau ua los ntawm cov xim txheej los yog phaj nrog tus neeg xyuas pib thiab txuas ob peb zaug. Cov ceramic siv tau ib lub dielectric siab heev, uas cia cov kab xev (ceramic capacitors) muaj lub peev txheej loj hauv ib qho me me. Tsis zoo li cov electrolytic capacitors, cov ceramic capacitors tsis muaj polarized, tiam sis lawv qhov muaj peev xwm mus los ntawm kev ua haujlwm tsis-linear raws li lawv cov kev hloov kub. Rau cov laj thawj no, ceramic capacitors feem ntau siv raws li kev txiav txim siab los yog bypass capacitors. Ceramic capacitors muaj nyob rau hauv qhov tseem ceeb xws li ntawm ob peb pF mus ntau uF thiab muaj voltage kev ntawm ob peb qhov nce mus rau kaum tawm txhiab volts.
Lwm Hom Capacitors
Ntau hom kev lag luam tshwj xeeb muaj rau ntau daim ntawv thov tshwj xeeb. Trimmer los yog cov tsis tshua muaj peev xwm loj yog cov uas muaj peev xwm hloov kho kom haum thiab muaj txiaj ntsig zoo los yog nyiaj them rau hauv Circuit Court. Ultra cov kaus poom (capacitors ultra-capacitors) yog cov uas muaj peev xwm loj heev, qhov muaj peev xwm ntau dua ib qho chaw. Lawv feem ntau tsis tshua muaj hluav taws xob tab sis cia lub zog txaus los hloov cov roj teeb rau tej daim ntaub ntawv.