Cov khoom siv hauv hluav taws xob feem ntau yog cov huab cua ntawm circuits, tiam sis thaum koj muab cov khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, ntau cov khoom siv, cov chaw kho mob, thiab cov khoom siv dua qub. Cov circuits no yog yooj yim circuits uas yooj yim dua rau tsim, ua hauj lwm nrog, thiab kuaj. Tsab ntawv xov xwm no piav txog kaum sab saum toj ntawm cov qauv siv hluav taws xob ntau siv hauv hluav taws xob.
1. Teem dua Divider
Ib qho ntawm cov qauv siv ntau tshaj plaws hauv cov tshuab hluav taws xob yog qhov sib txawv ntawm kev sib tw. Lub divrier resistive yog ib txoj hauv kev zoo kom poob qhov voltage ntawm lub teeb liab mus rau ntau yam. Kev faib cov khoom tsis sib xws yuav muab cov txiaj ntsim ntawm cov cuab yeej tsawg, yooj yim ntawm tsim, tsawg feem ntau yam thiab lawv coj me ntsis chaw ntawm lub rooj tsavxwm. Txawm li cas los xij, cov nruab nrab ntawm cov tawv nqaij tuaj yeem ua kom yooj yim rau hauv lub teeb liab uas hloov tau lub teeb liab. Nyob rau hauv ntau daim ntawv sau npe, qhov no feem ntau yog tsawg thiab tau, tiam sis tus neeg tsim khoom tsim nyog yuav tsum paub txog cov kev cuam tshuam uas tus neeg tuaj yeem tuaj yeem muaj nyob rau hauv Circuit Court.
2. OpAmps
OpAmps kuj tseem ceeb heev rau hauv qhov teebmeem ntawm qhov teebmeem thaum txhawb lossis faib qhov teebmeem tawm tswv yim. Qhov no tuaj yeem ua ke thaum lub teeb liab xav tau kev saib xyuas yam tsis tau raug cuam tshuam los ntawm Circuit Court ua tus saib xyuas. Tsis tas li ntawd, txoj kev txhawb nqa thiab faib khoom faib rau ntau yam kev hnov lossis kev tswj hwm.
3. Tus Ntaus Tus Ntaus
Todays electronics yog tag nrho ntawm cov chips uas yuav tsum tau muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov kev lag luam. Cov kev lag luam qis zog feem ntau ua haujlwm ntawm 3.3 los yog 1.8v thaum muaj ntau tus ntsuas tau khiav ntawm 5 volts. Interfacing cov sib txawv voltages ntawm tib lub zog yuav tsum tau hais tias qhov teeb meem yuav tsum poob los sis txhawb rau qhov yuav tsum tau muaj qhov ntsuas ntawm txhua tus neeg nti. Ib qho kev daws teeb meem yog siv FET raws theem hloov ntawm Circuit Court tham hauv Philips AN97055 Kev Ntsuas los sis qib siab hloov nti. Qib hloov daim tawv nqaij yog qhov yooj yim rau kev siv thiab yuav tsum tau ob peb sab nrauv, tiam sis lawv txhua tus muaj lawv cov quirks thiab cov teeb meem sib haum nrog cov kev sib txuas lus sib txawv.
4. Lim cov Capacitors
Tag nrho cov khoom siv hluav taws xob yuav ua rau suab nrov nrov uas ua rau muaj kev xav tsis zoo, kev coj cwj pwm phem los yog kev ua lag luam ntawm electronics. Ntxiv lub lim capacitor rau lub hwj chim ntawm ib lub ntim tuaj yeem pab tshem tawm cov suab nrov hauv lub cev thiab pom zoo rau txhua microchips (saib daim ntawv qhia cov nplooj ntawv rau qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntawm lub chaw tu neeg siv). Kuj tseem yuav siv tau los lim cov tswv yim ntawm cov teebmeem kom txo qis qis ntawm kab xev.
5. Rau / tawm hloov
Tswj lub hwj chim rau lub tshuab thiab subsystems yog ib qho kev xav tau hauv hluav taws xob. Muaj ntau txoj hauv kev los ua kom tau li no nrog rau kev siv lub transistor los yog kev xa mus. Cov kev sib txuas ntawm cov qauv khib nyiab yog ib qho tseem ceeb tshaj plaws thiab yooj yim tshaj plaws los mus ua kom tiav ib qho kev pib rau / tawm mus rau ib qho kev sib tshuam.
6. Cov Ntaub Ntawv Pov Thaiv
Thaum yuav tsum muaj kev ntsuam xyuas ntau npaum li cas, feem ntau yuav tsum tau siv qhov kev taw qhia paub tseeb. Voltage references tuaj nyob rau hauv ob peb flavours thiab daim ntawv yam thiab rau ntau daim ntaub ntawv txawm tias tus diviver voltage resistive yuav muab ib tus haum siv.
7. Cov khoom siv hluav taws xob
Txhua lub voj voog yuav tsum tau muaj qhov muaj qhov muaj zog rau kev khiav lag luam, tab sis muaj ntau yam kev xav tau ntawm ntau lub teeb rau txhua nti mus ua hauj lwm. Ua txoj hlua siab dua mus rau qhov qis dua yog qhov yooj yim uas siv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob uas tsis tshua muaj zog, los yog cov tswj hluav taws xob los yog DCC-DC converters yuav siv tau rau ntau daim ntawv thov. Thaum muaj qhov siab tshaj qhov xav tau los ntawm qhov chaw tsis muaj qhov tsawg, ib qho kev hloov dc-dc hloov tau siv los ua kom muaj ntau cov voltage uas zoo ib yam nkaus thiab muaj peev xwm lossis muaj peev xwm.
8. Tamsim no
Voltages kuj yooj yim rau kev ua hauj lwm nrog rau hauv Circuit Court, tab sis rau qee qhov kev siv rau kev ruaj khov kho tam sim no yuav tsum muaj xws li rau lub thermistor raws li qhov ntsuas kub los yog tswj lub zog qhov laser diode lossis LED. Cov chaw tam sim no tau yooj yim ntawm BJT los sis MOSFET transistors yooj yim, thiab ob peb yam khoom qis dua. Cov hwj huam loj zog ntawm cov chaw tam sim no yuav tsum muaj cov khoom ntxiv thiab xav kom muaj kev tsim kom muaj zog dua qub thiab tsis muaj peev xwm tswj tau tam sim no.
9. Microcontroller
Ze li ntawm txhua txhua yam khoom siv hluav taws xob hnub no muaj ib lub microcontroller ntawm nws lub plawv. Thaum tsis yog ib qho yooj yim ntawm lub rooj sib txuas, cov microcontrollers muab lub tshuab hlwb hlau tsim kom muaj ntau qhov khoom. Tsawg zog microcontrollers (feem ntau 8-ntsis) khiav ntau yam ntawm koj lub microwave rau koj tus pas txhuam hniav. Muaj peev xwm ntxiv microcontrollers siv sib npaug rau kev ua tiav ntawm koj lub tsheb lub cav los ntawm kev tswj cov roj rau cua piv hauv combustion Chamber thaum tuav ib tug xov tooj ntawm lwm yam dej num ib txhij.
10. ESD Kev Tiv Thaiv
Feem ntau tsis nco qab ntawm ib qho khoom hluav taws xob yog kev cais ntawm ESD thiab kev tiv thaiv hluav taws xob. Thaum cov khoom siv nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb tiag tiag lawv tuaj yeem ua rau muaj qhov siab tshaj plaws uas yuav ua rau ua haujlwm tsis zoo thiab ua rau cov chips puas tsuaj (xav txog ESD raws li cov cua ntsawj ntshab me ntsis tua ib lub microchip). Thaum ESD thiab kev tiv thaiv hluav taws xob tiv thaiv microchips muaj, kev tiv thaiv yooj yim tuaj yeem muab los ntawm cov zis diode yooj yim rau hauv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, feem ntau ntawm cov teeb meem tseem ceeb khiav thiab qhov teeb meem tawm los yog tawm hauv lub voj voog rau sab nraud ntiaj teb.