Raws li koj pib tshawb txog lub ntiaj teb ntawm kev tsim web, koj yuav tseeg tau muab cov lus thiab cov nqe lus uas tshiab rau koj. Ib qho ntawm cov nqe lus uas koj yuav hnov tau yog "cim" lossis kab lus "hom lus cim". "Markup" txawv qhov txawv li "code" thiab vim li cas qee cov neeg ua haujlwm hauv web zoo li siv cov lus sib tshooj no? Cia peb pib los ntawm kev ua tib zoo saib raws nraim li "hom lus cim" yog.
Cia Saib 3 Lo Lus Lus Hais
Ze li ntawm txhua qhov kev qhia hauv lub Web uas muaj "ML" hauv nws yog "hom lus cim" (kev ceeb loj, qhov ntawd yog qhov "ML"). Cov cim lus cim npe yog cov khoom siv los tsim cov nplooj ntawv web pages lossis txhua daim duab thiab ntau thiab tsawg.
Hauv kev muaj tiag, muaj ntau hom lus txawv txawv hauv ntiaj teb no. Rau kev tsim web tsim thiab kev loj hlob, nws muaj peb hom lus cim npe uas koj yuav tsum khiav thoob. Cov no yog HTML, XML, thiab XHTML .
Dab Tsi Yog Tias Npe?
Txhawm rau txhais tau lub sij hawm no - ib hom lus cim lus yog ib hom lus uas piav txog cov ntawv nyeem kom lub computer siv cov ntawv nyeem. Feem ntau cov lus sau cim lus yog tib neeg nyeem tau vim hais tias cov ntawv sau qhia tau muab sau rau hauv txoj kev kom paub qhov txawv ntawm lawv cov ntawv nyeem. Piv txwv, nrog HTML, XML, thiab XHTML, cov cim npe cim npe yog
Piv txwv li:
Qhov no yog ib pawg lus ntawm cov ntawv sau hauv HTML
Qhov piv txwv no yog cov lus HTML. Nws yog ua los ntawm kev pib qhib (
), xaus tag (), thiab cov ntawv nyeem uas yuav tshwm rau ntawm kev tshuaj ntsuam (qhov no yog cov lus nyob hauv ob qhov cim npe). Txhua daim ntawv suav nrog "tsawg tshaj" thiab "zoo tshaj" cim los qhia nws raws li ib feem ntawm qhov cim sau npe.
Thaum koj muab cov ntawv nyeem tso tawm kom pom ntawm lub computer los yog lwm yam kev tshuaj ntsuam , koj yuav tsum paub qhov txawv ntawm phau ntawv no thiab cov lus qhia rau cov ntawv nyeem. Cov cim "markup" yog cov lus qhia ua kom pom lossis luam tawm cov ntawv nyeem.
Markup tsis tas yuav yog lub computer nyeem. Cov ntawv sau tawm hauv cov ntawv luam tawm los yog hauv ib phau ntawv kuj raug xam tias yog ntaus cim. Piv txwv, ntau tus tub ntxhais kawm ntawv hauv tsev kawm ntawv yuav qhia txog tej nqe lus hauv lawv phau ntawv nyeem. Qhov no qhia tau hais tias cov ntawv tseem ceeb tseem ceeb dua cov ntawv nyeem. Qhov xim xim yog suav tias yog qhov cim tseg.
Cov cim sau ntawv ua ib hom lus thaum cov cai tswj tau nyob ib ncig ntawm yuav ua li cas sau thiab siv cov cim ntawd. Tus tub ntxhais kawm ntawv ntawd yuav tau txais lawv tus kheej cov ntawv "markup languageup" yog tias lawv tau hloov cov cai xws li "ntshav siab tshaj plaws yog cov ntsiab lus, kev sib tw daj yog qhov kev xeem ntawv, thiab cov ntawv sau cwj mem tsis zoo rau lwm qhov chaw."
Feem ntau hom ntawv cim lus yog txhais los ntawm ib lub koom haum sab nrauv rau kev siv ntau tus neeg. Qhov no yog li cas cov cim lus rau lub Web ua haujlwm. Lawv txhais los ntawm W3C, los yog World Wide Web Consortium .
HTML-HyperText Markup Language
HTML lossis HyperText Markup Language yog thawj hom lus ntawm lub Web thiab feem ntau ib qho koj yuav ua haujlwm nrog lub website tsim tawm / tsim tawm.
Qhov tseeb, nws kuj yog qhov kev cim lus uas koj siv rau hauv koj txoj haujlwm.
Tag nrho cov nplooj ntawv web sau tau sau rau hauv HTML. HTML txhais cov kev uas cov duab , multimedia, thiab cov ntawv teev lus pom hauv cov web browsers. Cov lus no muaj cov ntsiab lus txuas rau koj cov ntaub ntawv (hypertext) thiab ua kom koj cov ntaub ntawv web sib tham sib (xws li nrog cov ntawv). Ntau tus neeg hu HTML "website code", tab sis qhov tseeb nws tsuas yog ib hom lus cim lus xwb. Cov lus tsis yog tsis ncaj ncees lawm thiab koj yuav hnov cov neeg, nrog rau cov kws paub hauj lwm hauv web, siv cov lus ob nqe lus sib hloov.
HTML yog txhais cov txuj standard lus cim lus. Nws yog raws li SGML (Txuj Zus Feem Xam Lus Qhia).
Nws yog ib hom lus uas siv cov cim npe los txhais cov qauv ntawm koj cov ntawv nyeem. Cov ntsiab lus thiab cov cim npe tau txhais los ntawm
Thaum HTML yog nyob deb ntawm cov lus tshaj npe nrov tshaj plaws hauv lub vas sab hnub no, nws tsis yog qhov kev xaiv rau kev tsim web. Raws li HTML tau tsim, nws tau txais ntau tshaj thiab nyuab heev thiab cov style thiab ntsiab lus cim npe ua ke ua ib hom lus. Nws thiaj li, W3C txiav txim siab tias muaj ib qho kev xav tau sib cais ntawm cov qauv ntawm cov nplooj ntawv web thiab cov ntsiab lus. Ib daim ntawv uas qhia txog cov ntsiab lus nyob ib leeg yuav nyob twj ywm hauv HTML thaum cov cim npe uas txhais tau tias style tau deprecated hauv CSS (Cascading Style Sheets).
Cov newest numbered HTML ntawm HTML yog HTML5. Qhov no version ntxiv nta rau HTML thiab tshem tawm qee qhov kev nruj uas raug yuam los ntawm XHTML (ntau yam lus ntawd tsocai).
Txoj kev uas HTML tso tawm tau hloov nrog qhov siab ntawm HTML5. Niaj hnub no, cov tshiab nta thiab cov kev hloov ntxiv yog tias tsis tas muaj kev xav tau ua ib daim ntawv tshiab, cov lej tso tawm. Qhov tseeb version ntawm hom lus tsuas yog hu ua "HTML."
XML-EXtensible Markup Language
Cov Cwj Pwm Zaj Lus Lag Luam yog hom lus uas lwm qhov version of HTML yog raws li. Zoo li HTML, XML kuj yog raws li ntawm SGML. Nws yog tsawg nruj tshaj SGML thiab ntau nruj tshaj li cov HTML dawb. XML muab lub nplaum tsim los tsim ntau hom lus sib txawv.
XML yog ib hom lus sau cov lus markup. Piv txwv, yog tias koj ua haujlwm hauv kev nrhiav caj ces, koj yuav tsim cov cim npe uas siv XML los txheeb xyuas leej txiv, leej niam, tus ntxhais, thiab tus tub hauv koj li XML:
Tseem muaj ob peb hom lus uas twb tsim muaj nrog XML: MathML los txhais cov zauv, SMIL ua haujlwm nrog multimedia, XHTML, thiab ntau lwm tus.
XHTML-eXtended HyperText Markup Language
XHTML 1.0 yog HTML 4.0 hloov tshiab kom tau raws li tus txheej txheem XML . XHTML tau raug hloov nyob rau hauv niaj hnub web tsim nrog HTML5 thiab cov kev hloov uas tau tuaj txij li thaum. Koj tsis pom muaj tej qhov chaw tshiab uas siv XHTML, tab sis yog tias koj ua haujlwm rau ib qhov chaw loj dua, koj tseem tuaj yeem ntsib XHTML tawm hauv qus.
Muaj tsis ntau ntau qhov txawv ntawm HTML thiab XHTML , tiam sis ntawm no yog qhov koj yuav pom:
- XHTML muab sau rau hauv qes dua. Thaum cov HTML cim tau sau rau hauv UPPER rooj, Cov ntaub ntawv MiXeD, los yog rooj plaub sab, yuav tsum yog, XHTML cim npe yuav tsum yog txhua rooj plaub. (Ceeb toom - ntau tus kws tshaj lij sau ntawv HTML hauv tag nrho cov me dua qis, txawm tias nws tsis yog qhov kev xav tau).
- Tag nrho XHTML ntsiab lus yuav tsum muaj qhov kawg lossis. Cov ntsiab lus uas tsuas yog ib lossis, xws li thiab xav tau kev kaw lus (/) tom kawg ntawm daim pib:
- Tag nrho cov cwj pwm yuav tsum tau hais hauv XHTML. Qee cov neeg tshem cov quotes ntawm cov cuab yeej txuag chaw, tab sis lawv yuav tsum tau kom XHTML tseeb.
- XHTML hais tias cov cim npe yog nested kom raug. Yog hais tias koj qhib lub bold () thiab tom qab ntawd ces yog cov ntawv nyeem (), koj yuav tsum tau kaw cov ntawv sau txog tus kheej () ua ntej koj kaw qhov bold (). (Nco ntsoov tias ob lub ntsiab lus no tau raug muab tshem tawm vim lawv pom cov ntsiab lus. HTML tam sim no siv thiab hauv qhov chaw ntawm ob qho no)
- HTML Cwj pwm yuav tsum muaj lub npe thiab tus nqi. Cov cwj pwm uas muaj nyob hauv HTML yuav tsum tau tshaj tawm nrog qhov tseem ceeb thiab, piv txwv li, HR attribute yuav tsum sau noshade = "noshade".
Thawj tsab xov xwm los ntawm Jennifer Krynin. Edited by Jeremy Girard rau 7/5/17.