Txawm tias koj npaj rau txoj kev tsim kom muaj podcast / ntawv xov xwm , kaw suab paj nruag, los sis ua kom lom zem rau yav tsaus ntuj hauv tsev , lub microphone yuav tau ua ib qho tseem ceeb heev. Txawm hais tias feem ntau microphones lo rau ib daim ntawv uas paub - nws zoo li tuav lub teeb khoos phis, tsuas yog cov lag luam xaus cov ntaub ntawv suab tsis txhob illuminates - koj tuaj yeem pom cov tuaj yeem xa cov tswv yim me ntsis nrog ntau hom thiab ntau thiab tsawg. Thiab zoo li nrog ntau hom kev siv tshuab tshiab, microphones tau qhia txog ntau yam tshwj xeeb thiab cov qauv tseem ceeb.
Microphones yog muag thoob plaws ntau yam nqi. Cov qauv qiv nyiaj yuav muaj tsawg dua US $ 50, thaum qiv (feem ntau yog siv rau kev siv) lawv muaj peev xwm ntxiv tau ntau txhiab nyiaj. Ib co piv txwv ntawm cov microphones:
- Ib qho txawv / ntau yam ncov qaumteb qabteb (li cas lub microphone tawm suab kom raug kaw)
- Roj teeb powered
- Wired / wireless txias
- On-mic ntim / nce / sib tov ntawm lwm yam
- Ntxiv kev xaiv kev txuas
Txawm tias muaj ntau txoj hau kev xaiv, yuav luag txhua tus tib neeg lub suab qis yuav poob rau hauv ib qho ntawm ob theem pib: dynamic thiab condenser. Lwm yam, tsis tshua muaj hom zoo tshaj plaws uas koj tuaj yeem ntsib tau yog cov kab xev microphone. Txawm hais tias txhua tus yog ib qho kev hloov pauv uas ua haujlwm zoo sib xws ntawm kev khaws thiab ntes suab, txoj kev tsim hluav taws xob cov hluav taws xob sib txawv yog qhov txawv txav.
Nyob ntawm cov kev xav tau cov ntaub ntawv teev / cov xwm txheej, ib qho yuav yog qhov kev xaiv zoo tshaj lwm tus. Tus tshaj plaws yog, nws nyuaj ua luaj los qhia ntau hom sib nrug xwb los ntawm kev saib xyuas lawv. Yog li ntawm no yog dab tsi koj yuav tsum paub.
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Dynamic Microphones
Feem ntau koj tuaj yeem txheeb xyuas cov haujlwm microphones rau ntawm cov khoom qub (ie passive) , tab sis hauv nraud. Yog li nrog ib tus neeg hais lus, lub teeb liab lub suab tawm los ntawm lub hauv paus rau txhua txoj kev rau lub suab coil, uas txuas rau ib lub khob (tseem hu ua diaphragm). Thaum hluav taws xob (lub teeb liab lub suab) ncav lub kauj voj, ib qho chaw magnetic (tsim hauv electromagnet), tom qab ntawd mam li sib txuas nrog cov hlau nplaum nyob hauv qab txoj hlua. Txoj kev hloov ntawm lub zog ua rau lub dag zog sib txuas mus thiab cuam tshuam, ua rau cov khoom sib txuas ua ke mus txuas los, uas yog qhov ua rau lub suab tsis hnov uas peb tau hnov.
Li ntawd, nyob nraud, ib qho dynamic microphone picks pem suab siab, uas vibrates lub khob thiab ua rau magnetic teb rau interact, ua rau cov creation ntawm lub teeb liab. Ib qho txiaj ntsim zoo ntawm kev sib txuas lus ntawm microphones yog tias lawv tuaj yeem ua haujlwm zoo. Qhov no txhais tau tias koj tuaj yeem siv lawv yam tsis muaj kev xav tau ntawm lwm lub zog, txij li tam sim no uas tsim tawm lub teeb liab tawm los ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm electromagnetic. Txawm li cas los xij, muaj qee qhov dynamic dynamic microphones - feem ntau zoo tshaj thiab cov nuj nqis - uas yuav tsum muaj hwj chim thiaj li yuav khiav lag luam. Yog li ntawd, nco ntsoov xyuas cov lus qhia ua ntej.
Raws li nrog cov tsoos tham, dynamic microphones zoo heev thaum tuav cov tagnrho siab uas tau sim thiab muaj tseeb tiag. Tsis tsuas yog cov hluav taws xob microphones feem ntau tsis tshua kim (tiam sis tsis yog li ntawd) los tsim (uas feem ntau ua rau lawv pheej yig dua), tab sis cov hluav taws xob hauv hluav taws xob yuav tsum muaj kev ruaj ntseg ntau dua li lawv cov condenser counterparts. Qhov no txhais tau hais tias lawv tuaj yeem siv hma thiab txhuam tau ib lub pob - zoo tagnrho rau kev khwv khwv hauv ob txhais tes tiv dhau ntawm nws tuav ntawm kev ruaj khov. Tab sis nco ntsoov tias tag nrho cov kev ua haujlwm los ntawm kev tsim kho; vim hais tias ib lub microphone yog ib qho dynamic tsis tau lees tias nws tau ua kom kawg, cia nyob ib leeg outlast lub condenser microphone.
Dynamic microphones tsis raws li rhiab - rau feem ntau qhov, vim muaj qee tus qauv kim heev uas yuav xa tau cov txiaj ntsim zoo kawg - xws li condenser microphones. Qhov no yog qhov loj vim cov nyhuv ntawm cov hlau nplaum thiab coil, uas cuam tshuam sai npaum li cas lub khob tau tuaj yeem ua rau lub suab tsis muaj peev xwm (tshwj xeeb tshaj yog siab zog, vim lawv tsis muaj hwj chim ntau tshaj qhov txav ntawm qhov diaphragm). Thaum lub sij hawm yeej muaj kev ntxhov siab, nyob ntawm nws, tsis yog qhov phem tshaj plaws. Tsawg dua thiab muaj kev txwv ntau dua cov lus teb feem ntau txhais tau hais tias tsis tshua paub meej hauv cov ntawv kaw tseg, tab sis qhov ntawd kuj muaj suab nrov / lub suab nrov.
Li ntawd, yog tias koj xav txiav tawm tag nrho txhua qhov ntawm ib puag ncig thiab tom qab suab nrov nyob ib ncig ntawm koj thaum teev, ib qho dynamic microphone yuav yog txoj kev mus. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov lus teb qeeb qeeb ntawm cov khoom siv khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob mas ua rau cov neeg siv zog microphones zoo tshaj plaws ntawm kev siv zog, qis suab nrov ntau, xws li drums, bass guitar, cello, thiab lwm yam. Nrog rau kev muaj peev xwm los tswj cov kev kub siab, kev sib txuas lus microphones yuav yog qhov kev xaiv dua rau kev teev nyob rau hauv kev sau ntawv tsis pub dhau lub studio. On top ntawm tag nrho cov uas, lub siab rhiab heev txhais tau hais tias dynamic microphones zoo dua ntawm resisting lub tswv yim loops.
Txawm li cas los xij, ntau yam dynamic microphones ntxiv tau cov xim tsis muaj zog (qee zaum raug xa mus kom sov) rau cov suab tau kaw tseg. Cov nyhuv no tseem ceeb lossis tsawg dua, nyob ntawm lub hom phiaj thiab / los yog qhov zoo ntawm lub microphone xwb. Ib tug tej zaum yuav tsis pom los yog txawm tu, tshwj tsis yog lub suab ntawm lub suab yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj. Tab sis qee qhov ntawm cov xwm txheej, lub condenser microphone yuav yog qhov kev xaiv dua.
Tshaj:
Tsis tas yuav siv lwm lub hwj chim thiab / lossis roj teeb
Yooj yim haujlwm siab ntim suab / cov khoom suab
Feem ntau pheej yig (tab sis tsis yog qhov xwm txheej)
Ua kom ntev dua cov condenser microphones (feem ntau)
Qhov zoo tshaj plaws rau sab nraum zoov / nyob qhov chaw sau
Txais:
Feem ntau yuav tsum muaj qhov ntxiv rau lub zog (kom ua tau zoo tshaj)
Tsis yog raws li cov lus ceeb toom / cov lus nug uas siv cov condenser microphones (tshwj xeeb tshaj yog ntawm cov neeg siv ntau dua)
Cov lus teb zaus tuaj yeem sib txawv nyob ntawm seb tus qauv tsim / daim ntawv thov
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Condenser Microphones
Koj tuaj yeem cuam tshuam qhov kev ua haujlwm ntawm condenser microphones rau tus neeg hais lus ntawm tus neeg hais lus electrostatic, tab sis nyob rau nraud. Thiaj li nrog ib tus neeg hais lus electrostatic, thin diaphragm yog tshem tawm ntawm ob kab (kuj paub zoo li cov stats), uas muaj kev txuas nrog rau qhov khoom siv hluav taws xob. Lub diaphragm yog tsim muaj cov ntaub ntawv siv hluav taws xob ua kom nws tuav tau tus nqi kom muaj nqis thiab cuam tshuam (nyiam thiab tso tawm ntawm electromagnetic fields) nrog rau daim phiaj. Pib ntsais koj teeb (hauv daim ntawv ntawm hluav taws xob) ntawm kev sib npaug ntawm kev sib luag, tiam sis txawv txawv tuaj rau txhua daim phiaj - yog ib daim phiaj thawb lub diaphragm, lwm daim phiaj yog rub lub zog zoo. Thaum cov sob los hloov ntawm qhov hloov, qhov diaphragm txav mus rau sab nraud, uas ua rau tsim lub suab tsis muaj peev xwm hnov tau. Tsis zoo li microphones dynamic, condensers tsis muaj cov hlau nplaum.
Yog li ntawd rov qab, lub condenser microphone picks tau suab siab, uas txav cov diaphragm qhov kev ncua deb ntawm kev sib piv rau daim phiaj (peb paub los ua ib phaj rov qab rau cov microphones). Qhov kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm cov teb electromagnetic no tau hloov hauv qhov kev hloov mus rau tam sim no, uas yog txhais li cas rau hauv lub tso suab tawm teeb. Ib qho ntawm kev ceeb toom yog tias tus nqi tsub rau ntawm daim diaphragm yog tswj los ntawm lub chaw tu neeg, uas txhais tau hais tias condenser microphones yuav tsum sab nraud (tseem hu ua phantom) los mus ua haujlwm (piv txwv li los ntawm roj teeb lossis cables). Lub hwj chim yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau lub microphone's qhov kev sib txuas siab ntawm qhov sib txawv - cov kev hloov hauv tam sim no muaj tsawg dhau rau kev tso npe los ntawm cov khoom siv txuas tshwj tsis yog tias tseem muaj lub teeb tsa.
Xws li cov neeg hais lus electrostatic, cov kev pabcuam ntawm condenser microphones yog qhov ua kom zoo tshaj plaws thiab cov lus teb. Los ntawm kev tsim, lub diaphragm nyias nyias muaj peev xwm ceev nrooj reacting rau faint thiab / los yog nyob deb nyuaj ntawm mus txawv tebchaws lub suab tsis. Qhov no yog vim li cas cov condenser microphones yog tus kws tshaj tawm thiab ua tus coj ntawm kev siv cov khoom zoo nkauj, nrog rau qhov zoo tshaj plaws rau cov ntaub ntawv ceev nrooj - tshwj xeeb yog cov uas muaj suab nrov thiab / lossis ntau dua. Thiab vim li cas cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tsim los ua haujlwm, condenser microphones muaj peev xwm nrhiav tau hauv ntau hom duab thiab ntau thiab tsawg tshaj li qhov muaj zog microphones.
Txawm hais tias muaj zog zoo tshaj plaws yuav zoo li zoo heev, muaj qee qhov teeb meem. Condenser microphones yuav raug distortion, xws li thaum sim ua kom nrov cov twj paj nruag lossis suab nrov heev. Lawv kuj muaj feem xyuam rau lub suab tawm tswv yim - qhov no tshwm sim thaum suab tau txais los ntawm ib tus neeg hais lus thiab tau tuaj nqa rov qab los ntawm lub suab sib txuas rau hauv ib lub voj voog txuas (ua rau cov ntsej muag pob ntseg). Lawv tuaj yeem tuaj tos cov suab pliaj, tshwj xeeb yog tias koj tsis nyob hauv qhov chaw ntsiag to lossis suab tsis muaj suab nrov. Piv txwv, lub condenser microphone yuav tsis yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws los siv rau kev sib tham sab nraud / teev thaum muaj cua, nag, los yog lub nroog / xwm / cov neeg suab hauv keeb kwm yav dhau. Txawm hais tias tej lub suab npe tau muab tshem tawm nrog software rau kev kho suab paj nruag thiab suab kaw , nws yuav tsum tau hais tias cov kauj ruam ntxiv.
Lub tshuab hluav taws xob electrostatic hauv condenser microphones ua rau lawv tsis muaj zog thiab kim (feem ntau tiam sis tsis tas li) dua li cov microphones dynamic. Tsis zoo li cov hlau nplaum thiab khoov mechanism ntawm kev sibtham microphones, nyias diaphragms hauv condensers yog muag heev thiab tuaj yeem ua kom yooj yim nraus lossis puas los ntawm ntau lub suab suab ntau ntau (SPL) lossis lub cev muaj kev cuam tshuam. Koj twv yuav raug hu mus nrog cov kev kho mob, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tias ib lub tshuab hloov tshuab kom hloov tau ntau tus nqi (lossis ntau dua) duas las. Puas tau pom ib tug neeg ua ib qho kev nco me me rau ntawm theem? Tej zaum nws yog ib qho dynamic microphone thiab tsis muaj qhov condenser.
Tshaj:
Tsim muaj zog lub teeb meem uas tsis tas yuav tsum muaj lub preamp
Feem ntau xav paub txog kev tuaj yeem tuaj yeem tuaj yws thiab / los yog nyob deb suab
Ntau dua dynamic zaus qhov lus teb
Qhov zoo tshaj plaws rau cov chaw hauv tsev / nyob ntsiag to (feem ntau)
Txais:
Yuav tsum muaj fais fab thiab / lossis roj teeb
Kev ua kom zoo tshaj tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam rau qee lub sijhawm
Yuav kim dua (tab sis tsis yog qhov xwm txheej)
Muaj ntau lub tshuab hluav taws xob ntau dua li cov tshuab hluav taws xob zoo
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Txiav txim siab ntawm Dynamic thiab Condenser Microphones
Txawm hais tias ob qho tib si qhia tau tias muaj peev xwm ua tau zoo li cas, muaj lwm txoj hauv kev xav txog yog tias koj tab tom nrhiav ib qho tshiab lossis hloov microphone. Muaj ntau lub microphones yog tsim los ntawm kev siv hauv kev xav, yog li nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws kom phim cov kev xav tau. Tej zaum koj yuav xav tau ib lub microphone uas yog tshwj xeeb rau: kev sau npe, kev ua yeeb yaj kiab, kev ua yeeb yaj duab, kev sib tham, cov ntaub ntawv nyeem, suab paj nruag, suab paj nruag, cov cuab yeej hluav taws xob, , kev kho kom muaj zog / tawm tsam ntau, podcasting / newscasting, thiab ntxiv mus. Koj tuaj yeem pom cov kev xaiv zoo uas muaj ob hom dynamic lossis condenser microphones nyob rau ntau ntau hom.
Ntxiv thiab, qee nta thiab cov lus qhia yuav ua rau ua ib hom ua kom haum dua lwm tus (thiab lwm yam). Piv txwv, microphones nrog cov diaphragms loj dua yuav tsum muaj tseeb / sensitive dua cov me nrog cov diaphragms (qhov loj suav rau hauv cov xwm txheej no). Tab sis ib lub diaphragm loj dua txhais tau hais tias ib qho loj microphone, uas yuav khaws ntau qhov chaw cia hauv cov hnab iav los yog hnab ris. Ib co microphones (txhua yam) yog tsim los nrog kev qhia yooj yim rau hauv siab, hos lwm tus kuj tuaj yeem niche me ntsis ntxiv. Li ntawd, yuav muaj ntau ntau yam lag luam nrog koj xaiv.
Microphones kuj muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm ntau qhov lus teb (xyuas cov chaw ua khoom siv), uas tuaj yeem ua ib hom zoo dua lwm qhov, nyob ntawm seb lawv yuav siv li cas. Qee yam kuj tsim los kho cov ntaub ntawv khaws tseg / tsis zoo, txawm tias lwm tus ntxiv zoo li - qhov no tuaj yeem ua daim xim thiab / los yog qhov pom ntawm qhov loj ntawm lub suab - mus rau tag nrho cov duab. Lwm cov lus qhia sib piv thiab xav txog yog: qhov sib piv ntawm lub suab nrov , suab siab tshaj suab siab (suab paj nruag), tag nrho harmonic distortion , ncov qaum cov qauv, thiab kev mob. Thaum kawg, txoj cai microphone yuav yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws rau koj lub pob ntseg thaum ntsib koj cov kev xav tau siv.
Dynamic Microphones Zoo Tshaj Plaws Rau:
- Sab nraum zoov siv
- Nyob ua yeeb yam
- Sau xov xwm / kev sib tham
- Cov ntaubntawv povthawj siv rau theem siab
- Cov suab lus luv / tsawg dua (Barry White, bass guitar, cello, tuba, thiab lwm yam)
- Thaum koj xav tau ib yam dab tsi
Condenser Microphones Zoo Tshaj Plaws Rau:
- Siv tsev hauv tsev
- Studio ua yeeb yam
- Podcasting / newscasting
- Cov ntaubntawv povthawj siv rau kev qhia thiab kev raug mob
- Cov suab lus / cov cim ntau dua (Mariah Carey, nkauj laus, suab paj nruag, piano, etc.)
- Thaum muaj kev kub ntxhov tsis yog qhov zoo tshaj