Nws yuav luag tsis tuaj yeem tham txog cov software graphics uas tsis tau tsim thawj zaug kom nkag siab txog qhov sib txawv ntawm ob yam loj 2D duab: bitmap thiab vector images.
Cov lus tseeb Txog Bitmap Dluab
Bitmap dluab (tseem hu ua raster dluab) yog ua los ntawm pixels nyob rau hauv ib kab. Pixels yog cov duab xim: me me plaub fab ntawm ib tug neeg xim uas ua li koj pom ntawm koj npo. Tag nrho cov me me plaub fab ntawm cov xim tuaj ua ke los tsim cov duab koj pom. Lub computer sojntsuam cov duab pixels, thiab tus lej tiag tiag yog nyob ntawm koj lub monitor thiab kev tshuaj ntsuam. Lub smartphone hauv koj lub hnab tshos tau tso tawm mus txog ob peb zaug ntau pixels li koj lub computer.
Piv txwv, cov icons ntawm koj lub desktop yog feem ntau 32 yog 32 pixels, txhais tau tias muaj 32 yam xim ntawm txhua qhov kev coj. Thaum ua ke, cov pob tsuas me me ua tus duab.
Lub icon tshwm nyob rau hauv kaum sab xis saum toj ntawm daim duab saum toj no yog ib qho qauv duab ntawm kev tshuaj ntsuam. Thaum koj ua kom ntev dua lub cim, koj tuaj yeem pib kom pom tseeb txhua tus neeg lub cev ntawm cov xim. Nco ntsoov tias thaj chaw dawb ntawm tus keeb kwm yav dhau tseem yog tus neeg pixels, txawm tias lawv tshwm los ua ib lub cev xim.
Bitmap Resolution
Bitmap cov duab yog nyob ntawm cov teeb meem. Kev daws teeb meem yog hais txog cov pixels hauv ib daim duab thiab feem ntau hais li dpi (dots per inch) los yog ppi (pixels ib nti) . Bitmap cov duab tshwm nyob rau hauv koj lub computer screen thaum daws teeb tsa: kwv yees li 100 ppi.
Txawm li cas los xij, thaum luam ntawv bitmaps, koj lub tshuab luam ntawv xav tau cov ntaub ntawv ntau dua cov duab. Yuav kom kav ib lub duab bitmap meej, tus qauv luam ntawv xav tau 150-300 ppi. Yog hais tias koj twb tau wondered vim li cas koj 300 dpi scanned duab tshwm ntau heev ntawm koj saib, qhov no yog vim li cas.
Dua Cov Duab thiab Cov Kev Txhaum Cai
Vim hais tias bitmaps yog daws teeb meem, tsis tuaj yeem ua kom nce lossis txo lawv tus me nyuam yam tsis tas ua ib qho zoo ntawm cov duab zoo. Thaum koj txo qhov me me ntawm ib daim duab bitmap los ntawm koj tus software qhov resample los yog resize hais kom ua, pixels yuav tsum muab pov tseg.
Thaum koj nce qhov me me ntawm ib daim duab bitmap los ntawm koj cov software rov ua dua lossis kho dua tshiab, cov software muaj tsim pixels tshiab. Thaum tsim pixels, lub software yuav tsum kwv yees qhov xim qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov tshiab pixels raws li cov pixels ib puag ncig. Txoj haujlwm no hu ua interpolation.
To taub Interpolation
Yog hais tias koj muab ob npaug rau daws teeb meem ntawm cov duab koj ntxiv pixels. Cia peb xav tias koj muaj ib tug liab pixel thiab ib qho xiav pixel ntawm ib sab. Yog tias koj muab ob npaug rau qhov daws teeb meem koj yuav muab ob pixels ntawm lawv ntxiv. Cov xim tshiab yuav cov tshiab pixels li cas? Interpolation yog qhov kev txiav txim siab uas pom tau tias cov xim uas ntxiv cov pixels yuav yog; lub computer yog ntxiv dab tsi nws xav tias yog txoj cai xim.
Scaling tus Duab
Scaling tus duab tsis zoo rau cov duab mus tas li. Hauv lwm lo lus, nws tsis hloov pes tsawg tus pixels hauv daim duab. Qhov nws ua yog ua kom lawv loj tuaj. Txawm li cas los xij, yog tias koj teev cov duab bitmap rau ib tus loj dua hauv koj daim ntawv layout software, koj yuav pom ib lub tsho zoo meej. Txawm hais tias koj tsis pom nws ntawm koj lub vijtsam, nws yuav pom tseeb hauv daim duab.
Scaling ib cov duab bitmap rau me me me tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam dab tsi; nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, thaum koj ua li no koj tau zoo nce lub ppi ntawm daim duab thiaj li hais tias nws yuav luam dlaim phaj. Ua li cas? Nws tseem muaj tib lub xov tooj ntawm cov pixels hauv cheeb tsam me me.
Cov kev pabcuam nrov editing nrov yog:
- Microsoft Paint
- Adobe Photoshop
- Corel Diam duab-xim
- Corel Paint Shop Pro
- Tus GIMP
Tag nrho cov duab scanned yog bitmaps, thiab tag nrho cov duab los ntawm digital lub koob yees duab yog bitmaps.
Hom ntawv ntawm Bitmap
Hom kev qhia bitmap muaj xws li:
Converting ntawm bitmap tawm tswv yim yog feem ntau li yooj yooj yim li qhib cov duab los hloov dua siab tshiab thiab siv koj tus software Txuag Raws li hais kom txuag nws nyob hauv lwm hom bitmap uas txhawb koj lub software.
Bitmaps thiab Transparency
Bitmap cov duab, feem ntau, tsis yog txhawb nqa daim ntawv kaj. Ob peb hom kev tawm tswv yim - namely GIF thiab PNG - kev txhawb zog.
Tsis tas li ntawd, feem ntau cov duab editing cov kev pab cuam txhawb kev pom zoo, tab sis tsuas yog thaum cov duab tau txais kev cawmdim rau hauv qhov kev pab cuam software hom ntawv hom ntawv .
Ib qho kev tsis sib haum xeeb yog tias cov chaw nyob hauv daim duab yuav nyob twj ywm thaum cov duab tau txais kev cawmdim rau lwm hom ntawv, lossis muab luam tawm thiab ua rau lwm txoj haujlwm. Uas cia li tsis ua hauj lwm; Txawm li cas los xij, muaj ntau txoj kev los nkaum lossis thaiv cov cheeb tsam hauv ib lub hnab uas koj xav siv los siv rau lwm qhov software.
Xim qhov tob
Qhov tob xim yog hais txog cov xim hauv daim duab. Piv txwv, duab GIF yog 8-ntsis duab, uas txhais tau tias muaj 256 xim uas siv tau.
Lwm yam xim depths yog 16-ntsis, nyob rau hauv uas ntxhib 66,000 xim muaj; thiab 24-ntsis, nyob rau hauv uas ntxhib 16 lab tau xim muaj. Txo lossis nce qhov xim qhov tob ntxiv ntau dua los yog tsawg dua cov ntaub ntawv xim rau daim duab nrog tus sib haum txo los yog nce rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv loj thiab cov duab zoo.
Qhov tseeb txog Vector duab
Txawm hais tias tsis zoo li feem ntau siv los ua bitmap graphics, vector graphics muaj ntau virtues. Vector dluab yog ua los ntawm ntau tus neeg, cov khoom siv scalable.
Cov khoom no yog txhais los ntawm kev ua zauv, hu ua Bezier Curves, tsis yog pixels, yog li ntawd lawv yeej them rau qhov zoo tshaj plaws vim tias lawv yog kev ywj pheej. Cov khoom yuav muaj cov kab, cov curves, thiab cov duab nrog editable cov cwj pwm xws li xim, sau, thiab tawm qauv.
Hloov cov cwj pwm ntawm cov khoom vector tsis cuam tshuam dab tsi nws tus kheej. Koj tuaj yeem hloov pauv ntau yam khoom tshwj xeeb tsis muaj kev rhuav tshem cov khoom. Ib qho khoom yuav muab kho tsis tau tsuas yog los ntawm kev hloov nws cov cwj pwm, tiam sis kuj yog los ntawm shaping thiab kev hloov nws siv cov ntshav thiab kev tswj tuav. Rau ib qho piv txwv ntawm kev siv cov khoom node, saib kuv tus CorelDRAW nyeem hauv daim duab kos.
Zoo ntawm Vector Duab
Vim tias lawv nyob nraum scalable, vector-based dluab yog kev ywj pheej. Koj tuaj yeem ua tau thiab txo cov vector dluab rau txhua qhov chaw thiab koj cov kab yuav nyob ntsuag thiab ntse, ob qho tib si ntawm kev tshuaj ntsuam thiab luam tawm.
Fonts yog hom vector khoom.
Lwm zoo dua ntawm vector dluab yog tias lawv tsis raug txwv rau ib lub duab zoo ib yam li bitmaps. Vector cov khoom yuav muab tso rau lwm yam khoom, thiab cov khoom hauv qab no yuav qhia txog. Lub voj voj voog thiab lub voj voog ntawm seem bitmap seem zoo ib yam thaum pom nyob rau tom qab dawb, tab sis thaum koj tso lub voj voog ntawm ib lub tsho, nws muaj lub thawv ib ncig ntawm nws los ntawm cov pixels dawb hauv daim duab.
Disadvantages ntawm Vector duab
Vector dluab muaj ntau yam zoo, tab sis cov thawj disadvantage yog tias lawv yog cov tsis tsim nyog rau kev tsim duab yees duab tseeb. Vector dluab yog feem ntau ua los ntawm cov cheeb tsam ntawm cov xim nqaij tawv los yog gradients, tab sis lawv tsis tuaj yeem pom cov duab tee ntsej muag tas li ntawm ib daim duab. Tias yog vim li cas feem ntau ntawm cov vector dluab koj pom zoo muaj ib tug tas luav zoo li tsos.
Txawm li ntawd los, vector graphics yog pheej ua ntau tshaj, thiab peb tuaj yeem ua ntau ntau nrog vector kos duab tam sim no peb yuav ua tau ib xyoo caum dhau los. Hnub no lub vector cuab yeej tso cai rau koj siv cov ntaub npog ntsej muag rau cov khoom muab rau lawv ib Diam duab-tseeb tsos, thiab koj tau tam sim no tsim mos blends, transparency, thiab shading uas ib zaug tau yooj yim mus ua vector cov kev kos duab.
Rasterizing Vector Dluab
Vector dluab feem ntau yog los ntawm software. Koj tsis tuaj yeem luam theej duab thiab txuag nws li vector ntaub ntawv tsis tas siv software tshwj xeeb. Ntawm qhov tod tes, cov vector dluab tau yooj yim yuav hloov dua siab tshiab rau bitmaps. Txoj kev no yog hu ua rasterizing.
Thaum koj hloov ib daim duab vector mus rau ib lub ntsis, koj tuaj yeem qhia meej txog cov lus tso tawm ntawm qhov kawg ntawm qhov kawg ntawm qhov koj xav tau. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom txuag tau ib daim qauv ntawm koj daim duab vector qub nyob rau hauv nws hom ntawv ua ntej ua ntej nws hloov mus rau ib lub sijhawm; thaum nws tau hloov dua siab tshiab rau ib lub ntsis, tus duab poob tag nrho cov zoo zoo nws muaj nyob hauv nws lub xeev vector.
Yog tias koj hloov ib lub vector rau ib lub ntsis ntawm 100 los ntawm 100 pixels thiab txiav txim siab koj xav tau cov duab kom loj dua, koj yuav tsum rov qab mus rau qhov qub vector cov ntaub ntawv thiab xa cov duab dua. Kuj, nco ntsoov tias qhib vector duab nyob hauv ib qho kev kho me ntsis kev kho me ntsis feem ntau txav cov vector qualities ntawm daim duab thiab hloov nws mus rau raster cov ntaub ntawv.
Qhov laj thawj feem ntau xav hloov ib lub vector rau ib lub ntsis ntawm qhov yuav siv rau hauv lub vas sab. Hom ntawv tshaj plaws thiab tau txais los ntawm vector dluab hauv web yog SVG lossis Scalable Vector Graphics.
Vim yog qhov xwm txheej ntawm vector, lawv tau hloov dua siab tshiab rau GIF lossis PNG hom kev siv hauv lub vas sab. Qhov no yog maj mam hloov vim ntau tus browsers niaj hnub tau muaj peev xwm muab SVG cov duab.
Hom vector xws li:
- AI (Adobe Illustrator)
- CDR (CorelDRAW)
- CMX (Corel Txauv)
- SVG ( scalable vector graphics )
- CGM Computer Graphics Metafile
- DXF AutoCAD
- WMF qhov rais Metafile
Nrov vector kos duab yog:
- Adobe Illustrator
- CorelDRAW
- Xara Xtreme
- Serif DrawPlus
- Inkscape
Metafiles yog cov duab uas muaj cov raster thiab vector cov ntaub ntawv. Piv txwv, vector duab uas muaj ib yam khoom uas muaj ib qho txheej txheem bitmap uas siv ua ib daim ntawv sau ua tus metafile. Tus kwv yog tseem muaj vector, tab sis tus sau attribute muaj cov ntaub ntawv bitmap.
Cov hom ntawv tawm qauv muaj xws li:
- EPS (Encapsulated PostScript)
- PDF (Portable Document Format)
- PICT (Macintosh)