Ethernet powers ntau ntawm lub ntiaj teb cov chaw hauv zos
Tau ntau lub xyoos dhau los, Ethernet tau qhia tias nws yog ib qho pheej yig, pheej yoojyim, thiab LAN nrov heev. Qhov kev nyeem no piav txog cov kev ua haujlwm hauv Ethernet thiab nws siv tau licas rau hauv tsev thiab cov lag luam.
Cov Keeb Kwm ntawm Ethernet
Engineers Bob Metcalfe thiab DR Boggs tau tsim Ethernet pib thaum xyoo 1972. Cov qauv kev lag luam raws li lawv txoj haujlwm tau tsim xyoo 1980 raws li IEEE 802.3 cov qauv ntawm cov qauv. Ethernet specifications txhais pes tsawg cov ntaub ntawv kis tau tus kab mob thiab cov tuam txhab kev lag luam yuav tsum paub kom tsim cov khoom Ethernet zoo li phaib thiab cables.
Ethernet technology tau hloov zuj zus thiab loj hlob ntev dhau los. Tus neeg siv nruab nrab tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob hauv Ethernet ua hauj lwm raws li tsim thiab ua haujlwm nrog lwm tus.
Ethernet Technology
Traditional Ethernet txhawb cov ntaub ntawv hloov tsheb ntawm tus nqi ntawm 10 megabits ib ob (Mbps) . Raws li qhov kev xav tau ntawm cov kev sib txuas zuj zus mus ntxiv, lub lag luam tsim hluav taws xob ntxiv rau Ethernet thiab Gigabit Ethernet. Fast Ethernet nthuav cov kev kawm Ethernet txog li 100 Mbps thiab Gigabit Ethernet mus txog 1000 Mbps ceev. Txawm hais tias cov khoom tseem tsis tau muaj rau cov neeg siv nruab nrab, 10 Gigabit Ethernet (10,000 Mbps) kuj muaj nyob thiab siv rau qee lub lag luam tes thiab hauv Internet2.
Ethernet cables zoo li no yog tsim los rau ib qho ntawm ntau cov qauv kev qhia. Ethernet cable tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv kev siv tam sim no, Qib 5 los yog CAT5 cable , txhawb ob kab lis kev cai thiab Yoojyim Ethernet. Qib 5e (CAT5e) thiab CAT6 cables txhawb Gigabit Ethernet.
Yog xav txuas rau Ethernet cables mus rau ib lub computer (lossis lwm yam khoom siv network), ib tug neeg txuas ib lub xov tooj cable mus rau hauv qhov chaw nres tsheb Ethernet . Qee cov khoom tsis muaj Ethernet kev txhawb nqa kuj tuaj yeem txhawb kev sib txuas ntawm Ethernet ntawm dongles xws li USB-mus-Ethernet adapters. Ethernet cables siv cov connectors uas zoo nkaus li tus RJ-45 connector siv nrog tsoos xov tooj.
Rau cov tub ntxhais kawm: Nyob hauv OSI qauv, Ethernet technology siv rau ntawm lub cev thiab cov ntaub ntawv txuas cov ntawv - Cov Teeb Ib thiab Ob feem. Ethernet txhawb txhua lub network nrov thiab cov txheej txheem siab dua, principally TCP / IP .
Hom Ethernet
Feem ntau raug xa mus rau Thicknet, 10Base5 yog thawj thawj lub cev ntawm Ethernet technology. Kev lag luam siv Thicknet hauv xyoo 1980 mus txog 10Base2 Thinnet tshwm sim. Muab piv rau Thicknet, Thinnet tau muab qhov kom zoo dua thinner (5 millimetres vs 10 millimeters) thiab ntau lub dav hlau cabling, ua kom yooj yim mus xaim cov chaw ua haujlwm rau Ethernet.
Cov ntawv tshaj lij ntawm Ethernet, tiam sis yog 10Base-T. 10Base-T muaj hluav taws xob zoo dua Thicknet lossis Thinnet, vim 10Base-T cables siv cov hlua khau tsis sib haum (UTP) thaiv qhov uas tsis yog xiam oob khab. 10Base-T tseem muaj pov thawj zoo dua lwm cov nqi xws li fiber ntau cab.
Muaj ntau yam tsawg dua lwm cov kev paub tsawg dua Ethernet, xws li 10Base-FL, 10Base-FB, thiab 10Base-FP rau cov kev siv fiber ntau thiab 10Broad36 rau kev siv xovtooj (cable TV). Tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv saum toj no, xws li 10Base-T tau ua dhau los dhau los ntawm Fast thiab Gigabit Ethernet.
Hais txog kev yoojyim Ethernet
Nyob rau hauv nruab nrab xyoo 1990, Cov Kev Siv Tawm Teeb Hla yooj yim hlob zoo thiab tau ntsib nws cov hom phiaj tsim ntawm ib tug) nce kev ua tau zoo ntawm Ethernet thaum b) tsis txhob xav tau cov kab txuas mus rau Ethernet tam sim no. Fast Ethernet tuaj nyob rau hauv ob yam loj:
- 100Base-T (siv cov hlua khau tsis sib xws)
- 100Base-FX (siv fiber ntau optic cable)
Qhov deb tshaj plaws ntawm no yog 100Base-T, tus qauv uas muaj xws li 100Base-TX (Qeb 5 UTP), 100Base-T2 (Qeb 3 lossis zoo dua UTP), thiab 100Base-T4 (100Base-T2 cabling hloov kho kom muaj ob qho ntxiv xaim hlau).
Ntxiv rau Gigabit Ethernet
Thaum Fast Ethernet zoo tuaj ntawm Ethernet ntawm 10 Megabit rau 100 Megabit ceev, Gigabit Ethernet boasts tib qhov kev txiav txim siab-ntawm-qhov siab txhim kho ntawm Ethernet los ntawm kev muab siab rau 1000 Megabits (1 Gigabit). Gigabit Ethernet tau xub ua kom taug kev kho qhov muag thiab tooj liab, tab sis tus qauv 1000Base-T tau zoo txhawb nws thiab. 1000Base-T siv qeb 5 cabling zoo ib yam li 100 Mbps Ethernet, tab sis ua tiav kev ceev ceev yuav tsum siv cov xov tooj cua ntxiv.
Ethernet Topologies thiab Cov Kev Cai
Traditional Ethernet ntiav ib lub tsheb npav, txhais tau hais tias tag nrho cov khoom siv los yog hom nyob hauv lub network siv tib txoj kev sib txuas lus sib txuas. Txhua lub cuab yeej muaj qhov chaw nyob ntawm Ethernet, uas yog hu ua MAC chaw nyob . Xa cov khoom siv siv Ethernet chaw nyob kom qhia tau tus neeg txais kev pabcuam ntawm cov lus.
Cov ntaub ntawv xa mus rau Ethernet muaj nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov thav ntawv. Tus vev xaib Ethernet muaj lub hau, ib ntu ntawv, thiab ib tug neeg caij nyoog ntev npaum li tsis pub tshaj 1518 bytes. Ethernet header muaj qhov chaw nyob ntawm ob tus neeg tau txais kev pab thiab tus neeg xa ntawv.
Cov ntaub ntawv xa mus rau Ethernet yuav muab tshaj tawm rau tag nrho cov cuab yeej ntawm lub network. Sib piv lawv qhov chaw nyob ntawm Ethernet tawm tsam qhov chaw nyob hauv cov duab thaij duab, txhua yam khoom siv Ethernet kuaj txhua daim duab los txiav txim seb nws puas yog npaj rau lawv thiab nyeem lossis kos cov kablus kom tsim nyog. Network adapters teeb qhov kev ua haujlwm no rau hauv lawv cov khoom kho vajtse.
Cov cuab yeej uas xav xa tawm ntawm Ethernet ua ntej ua daim tshev ua ntej los txiav txim siab seb tus neeg nruab nrab puas muaj los yog seb puas muaj kev sib kis tau tam sim no. Yog tias Ethernet muaj, tus xa cov ntawv xa mus rau lub xaim. Nws tseem tau, tiam sis, ob lub cuab yeej siv no yuav ua qhov kev ntsuam xyuas no nyob rau tib lub sij hawm thiab ob qho tib si xa mus ib txhij.
Los ntawm kev tsim, raws li kev ua lag luam tawm, tus txheej txheem Ethernet tsis tiv thaiv ntau yam kev sib kis ntawm simultaneous. Cov kev sib tsoo no hu ua, thaum lawv tshwm sim, ua rau ob qho kev sib kis mus qeeb thiab yuav tsum tau xa ob qho tib si xa rov qab xa mus. Ethernet siv lub algorithm raws li random ncua sij hawm los txiav txim seb lub caij nyoog zoo li cas ntawm kev rov qab xa tawm. Lub network adapter kuj siv qhov algorithm.
Hauv Ethernet cov kev cai, qhov kev cai lij choj rau kev tshaj tawm, mloog, thiab ntsuas kev sib tsoo yog hu ua CSMA / CD (Carrier Sensing Multiple Access / Collision Detection). Qee hom tshiab ntawm Ethernet tsis siv CSMA / CD. Es tsis txhob, lawv siv qhov kev sib tw tag nrho duplex Ethernet kev cai, uas txhawb cov ntsiab lus ntawm qhov sib npaug thiab xa nrog tsis muaj kev mloog lus.
Ntxiv Txog Ethernet Devices
Raws li tau hais dhau los, Ethernet cables muaj kev txwv tsis pub dhau, thiab cov neeg tsis muaj zog (kom ntev li 100 meters) tsis txaus rau qhov nruab nrab ntawm qhov nruab nrab thiab loj network. Ib qho chaw tshaj tawm hauv Ethernet kev sib txuas lus yog ib qho cuab yeej ua rau ntau yam cables yuav tsum tau koom thiab ntau dua kev ncua mus. Tus choj ntaus tau tuaj yeem koom Ethernet mus rau lwm lub network ntawm lwm hom, xws li lub wireless network. Ib yam khoom uas nrov tshaj plaws yog qhov chaw Ethernet. Lwm cov khoom siv qee zaum tsis meej pem nrog lub hub yog cov keyboards thiab routers .
Ethernet network adapters tseem muaj nyob hauv ntau hom ntawv. Cov neeg siv computer tshiab thiab kev ua si qus muaj cov nta hluav taws xob nyob hauv Ethernet. USB-rau-Ethernet adapters thiab wireless Ethernet adapters tau teeb tsa tau los ua haujlwm nrog ntau cov cuab yeej tshiab.
Txoj kev xaus
Ethernet yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm Internet. Txawm tias nws muaj hnub nyoog tshaj lij, Ethernet tseem muaj hwj chim ntau lub ntiaj teb cov chaw sib txuas lus hauv zos thiab pheej txuas ntxiv kom tau raws li cov kev xav tau rau yav tom ntej.