Center images, text, thiab block ntsiab thaum tsim cov websites
Yog tias koj tab tom kawm txog kev tsim cov websites , ib qho ntawm cov tswv yim tshaj plaws uas koj xav tau tus tswv yog yuav ua li cas rau cov khoom hauv qhov rai qhov rais. Qhov no txhais tau hais tias yog qhov duab ntawm nplooj ntawv, los yog nws yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov ntsiab lus nruab nrab ntawm cov qauv siv xws li cov qauv.
Txoj kev zoo yuav ua kom tiav qhov kev pom qhov ntsej muag ntawm cov duab lossis cov ntawv nyeem lossis tag nrho koj qhov webpage yog siv Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) . Feem ntau ntawm cov khoom siv rau hauv CSS txij li version 1.0, thiab lawv ua hauj lwm zoo nrog CSS3 thiab cov web browsers niaj hnub.
Zoo li ntau yam hauv kev tsim web, muaj ntau txoj hauv kev los siv CSS rau qhov chaw hauv cov nplooj ntawv web. Cia wb mus saib ntawm qee qhov kev sib txawv uas siv CSS ua kom pom qhov kev pom zoo no.
Ntawm Kev Ntsuam Xyuas Kev Siv CSS rau Lub Ntsiab Hauv Cov Qauv hauv HTML
Kev koom nrog CSS tuaj yeem yog ib qhov kev sib tw rau cov neeg tsim qauv web tsim vim tias muaj ntau txoj hauv kev los ua kom tiav no ib hom kev pom. Thaum muaj ntau txoj hauv kev los kuj yuav zoo los sis thaij sab hauv cov neeg tsim kev lag luam uas paub tias tsis yog txhua hom kev ua haujlwm rau txhua lub caij, qhov no yuav ua nyuaj rau cov neeg ua haujlwm tshiab dua vim muaj ntau txoj kev txhais tau tias lawv yuav tsum paub thaum twg. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws ua yog kom nkag siab txog ob peb txoj kev. Thaum koj pib siv lawv, koj yuav kawm tau hom kev ua haujlwm zoo tshaj plaws nyob rau qhov twg.
Nyob rau theem siab, koj tuaj yeem siv CSS rau:
- Center text
- Lub chaw nruab nrab ntawm theem-theem (xws li kev faib)
- Center tus duab
- Vertically center qhov thaiv lossis duab
Ntau (ntau) xyoo dhau los, web designers yuav siv lub
Centering ntawv nrog CSS
Qhov yooj yim tshaj plaws rau qhov chaw hauv lub webpage yog cov ntawv nyeem. Tsuas muaj ib hom khoom vaj khoom tsev koj yuav tsum paub ua qhov no: text-align. CSS style nram qab no, piv txwv:
p.center {text-align: center; }
Nrog rau kab no ntawm CSS, txhua pawg lus uas sau nrog chav kawm hauv nruab nrab yuav tsum tau muab tso ua ke hauv nws cov niam txiv lub npe. Piv txwv li, yog tias pawg ntawv nyob hauv ib qho kev sib faib, nws txhais tau tias nws yog ib tug me nyuam ntawm qhov kev faib, nws yuav tsum nyob nruab nrab ntawm hauv
Ntawm no yog ib qho piv txwv ntawm cov hoob kawm hauv cov ntaub ntawv HTML:
Cov ntawv nyeem no yog nyob nruab nrab.
Thaum nruab nrab cov ntawv nyeem nrog cov cuab yeej ntawm cov ntawv nyeem, nco ntsoov tias nws yuav nyob nruab nrab ntawm nws cov khoom uas tsis muaj thiab tsis yog qhov chaw nyob hauv nplooj ntawv tag nrho nws tus kheej. Kuj tseem nco ntsoov tias cov ntawv sau tsis tau yooj yim nyeem ntawv nyuaj rau nyeem cov ntawv loj, yog li siv qhov style no. Cov ntawv xov xwm thiab cov khoom me me, zoo li teaser ntawv rau ib tsab xov xwm los yog lwm cov ntsiab lus, feem ntau yooj yim nyeem thiab raug zoo thaum nruab nrab, tiam sis cov ntawv loj hauv phau ntawv, zoo li tag nrho tsab xov xwm xwb, yuav nyuaj rau haus yog tias cov ntsiab lus muaj qhov chaw siab tsis txhaum. Nco ntsoov, kev nyeem ntawv yog qhov tseem ceeb thaum nws tuaj txog lub website ntawv nyeem!
Centering Blocks ntawm cov ntsiab lus nrog CSS
Blocks yog cov ntsiab lus ntawm koj nplooj ntawv uas muaj qhov dav dav thiab yog tsim los ua ib theem-theem. Oftentimes, cov blocks no yog tsim los ntawm kev siv cov HTML
div.center {
paj: 0 pib;
dav: 80em;
}
Qhov CSS no txav rau cov khoom ntiag tug yuav teem caij saum toj thiab qis tshaj rau nqe 0, thaum sab laug thiab sab xis yuav siv "pib." Qhov no yeej tseem siv tau txhua qhov chaw uas muaj thiab faib nws sib npaug ntawm ob sab ntawm lub qhov rais saib xyuas, zoo rau lub hauv paus ntawm nplooj ntawv.
Ntawm no nws yog siv rau hauv HTML:
tab sis cov ntawv hauv nws yog tso tawm.
Ntev npaum li cas koj lub nras muaj qhov dav dav, nws yuav nyob nruab nrab hauv lub ntsiab uas muaj. Cov ntawv sau nyob hauv qhov block yuav tsis yog nyob hauv nws, tab sis yuav tsum sab laug-lam. Qhov no yog cov ntawv nyeem uas yog qhov tseem ceeb nyob rau hauv lub vas sab hauv web browsers. Yog tias koj xav tau cov ntawv nyeem zoo tib yam, koj tuaj yeem siv cov cuab yeej ntawm cov ntawv nyeem uas peb tau txais yav dhau los ua ke nrog txoj kev no los nruab nrab ntawm pawg.
Nrhiav cov duab nrog CSS
Thaum cov browsers feem ntau yuav pom cov duab siv los siv tib lub ntsiab lus ntawm cov ntawv nyeem peb tau saib rau cov pawg lus, nws tsis yog ib lub tswv yim zoo uas tso siab rau cov txheej txheem raws li nws tsis pom zoo los ntawm W3C . Vim nws tsis pom zoo, muaj ib lub caij nyoog uas yav tom ntej versions ntawm browsers yuav xaiv mus las mees no txoj kev.
Tsis txhob siv cov ntawv nyeem-align rau nruab nrab cov duab, koj yuav tsum ntsees qhia rau qhov browser tias daim duab yog ib theem-theem. Ua li no, koj tuaj yeem muab qhov nruab nrab ntawm qhov koj yuav muaj lwm txoj haujlwm. Ntawm no yog CSS ua qhov no tshwm sim:
img.center {
zaub: thaiv;
paj laug-sab laug: pib;
npoo-txoj cai: pib;
}
Thiab ntawm no yog cov HTML uas rau cov duab uas peb xav kom muab koom nrog:
Koj tuaj yeem siv cov khoom siv hauv-kab CSS (saib hauv qab), tab sis qhov kev qhia no TSIS pom zoo vim nws ntxiv cov kev yeeb yam rau koj cov cim HTML. Nco ntsoov, peb xav cais cov qauv thiab cov qauv, yog li muab CSS yeej rau koj cov HTML chaws nrog so uas sib cais thiab, xws li, nws yuav tsum raug zam thaum twg los tau.
Lub Tswv Yim Txheej Txheem nrog CSS
Lub chaw nruab nrab vertically yeej ib txwm muaj kev nyuaj hauv web tsim, tab sis nrog rau kev tso tawm ntawm CSS Flexible Box Layout Module hauv CSS3, tam sim no yog ib txoj hauv kev ua nws.
Ntsug sib dhos ua haujlwm zoo sib xws rau kab rov tav raws li qhov tau hais tseg. CSS vaj tse yog vertical-dlhos nrog tus nqi nruab nrab.
.vcenter {
vertical-dlhos: nruab nrab;
}
Tus downside rau cov mus kom ze no yog tias tsis yog txhua tus browsers txhawb CSS FlexBox, tab sis ntau thiab ntau dua los ntawm no tus tshiab CSS layout txujci! Nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, tag nrho cov niaj hnub browsers hnub no tam sim no txhawb qhov no CSS style. Qhov no txhais tau tias koj cov kev txhawj xeeb nkaus xwb nrog Flexbox yuav ntau dua qhov browser version.
Yog tias koj muaj teeb meem nrog cov laus dua browsers, W3C pom zoo kom koj sau cov ntawv nyeem hauv ib lub taub ntim uas siv cov nram qab no:
- Muab cov ntsiab lus uas yuav tsum koom ua hauv lub hauv paus, xws li div.
- Teem ib qhov siab yam tsawg kawg nkaus rau ntawm cov khoom uas muaj.
- Tshaj tawm tias muaj keeb los ua ib lub xovtooj ntawm tes.
- Teem txoj kev sib dhos ntsug kom "nruab nrab."
Piv txwv li, ntawm no yog CSS:
.vcenter {
min-height: 12em;
zaub: rooj-cell;
vertical-dlhos: nruab nrab;
}
Thiab ntawm no yog cov HTML:
Cov ntawv nyeem no mas vam khom lub thawv.
Vertical Centering thiab Laus Versions ntawm Internet Explorer
Muaj qee txoj hauv kev quab yuam hauv Internet Explorer (IE) mus rau qhov chaw thiab siv cov lus tseem ceeb kom tsuas yog IE pom cov cwj pwm xwb, tab sis lawv kuj nce mentsis thiab lus dag. Cov xov xwm zoo tshaj yog tias Microsoft txoj kev txiav txim siab los hloov cov kev txhawb zog rau cov laus dua versions of IE, cov neeg saib xyuas kev txhawb nqa yuav tsum yog lawv txoj kev tawm ntev, ua yooj yim dua rau cov neeg tsim tawm hauv kev siv cov qauv siv niaj hnub xws li CSS FlexBox uas yuav ua rau tag nrho CSS qhov kev npaj, tsis yog nruab nrab xwb, yooj yim dua rau txhua qhov web site designers.