Hauv internet yog ib qho kev sib tshuam sib txuas ntawm cov koos pij tawj ua ntawm cov lab ntawm cov khoom siv. Cov computers computers, mainframes, smartphones, tablets, GPS units, video game consoles thiab ntse li txhua qhov txuas hauv internet. Tsis muaj ib lub koom haum twg los yog tswj lub vas sab.
World Wide Web, los yog qhov web rau luv, yog qhov chaw uas cov ntsiab lus tau muab rau cov neeg siv internet. Lub vas sab muaj cov ntsiab lus nrov tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv internet thiab-feem ntau yuav yog-ntau ntawm cov ntsiab lus uas pib cov neeg siv internet tau pom.
Rau ib tug pib tshiab uas xav ua kom paub hauv internet thiab World Wide Web, qhov kev nkag siab ntawm cov ntsiab lus yooj yim yog qhov yuav pab tau.
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Browser
Cov neeg siv internet pib thiab tshaj plaws tag nrho nkag mus rau hauv lub web web browser software, uas muaj nyob rau hauv cov computers thiab mobile devices thaum lub sijhawm ntawm kev yuav khoom. Lwm cov browsers tau downloaded los ntawm hauv internet.
Ib tus browser yog ib pob software dawb los sis mobile app uas cia koj saib cov nplooj ntawv web site, graphics, thiab feem ntau cov ntsiab lus hauv online. Cov web browsers nrov tshaj plaws xws li Chrome, Firefox, Internet Explorer , thiab Safari, tab sis muaj ntau lwm tus.
Browser software yog yeej tsim los hloov HTML thiab XML lub computer code rau cov ntaub ntawv nyeem tib neeg.
Browsers tso saib nplooj ntawv web pages. Txhua lub webpage muaj qhov chaw nyob tshwj xeeb hu ua qhov URL.
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Webpage
Lub webpage yog dab tsi koj pom hauv koj tus browser thaum koj nyob hauv internet. Xav txog lub vev xaib raws li nplooj ntawv hauv ib phau ntawv xov xwm. Koj tuaj yeem pom cov ntawv, duab, dluab, kos duab, txuas, cov ntawv tshaj tawm thiab ntau dua ntawm cov nplooj ntawv koj saib.
Feem ntau, koj nias los yog coj mus rhaub rau hauv ib cheeb tsam ntawm lub vev xaib los nthuav cov ntaub ntawv los sis txav mus rau ib lub vas sab. Txhawm rau ntawm qhov txuas-tus snippet ntawm cov ntawv nyeem uas tshwm hauv xim txawv los ntawm tas cov ntawv-yuav coj koj mus rau lwm qhov webpage. Yog tias koj xav rov qab mus, koj siv tus sub tau muab rau lub hom phiaj ntawd rau ntawm txhua qhov browser.
Muaj ntau cov nplooj ntawv web site ntawm ib qho kev sib tham ua ib lub website.
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URL
Uniform Resource Locators -URLs - yog qhov web browser chaw nyob ntawm cov nplooj ntawv hauv internet thiab cov ntaub ntawv. Nrog ib qhov URL, koj tuaj yeem nrhiav thiab kos cov nplooj ntawv thiab cov ntaub ntawv rau koj qhov web browser. URLs muaj nyob thoob ib ncig ntawm peb. Tej zaum lawv yuav raug sau rau hauv qab ntawm cov ntawv luam lag luam, hauv TV cov duab ntxig thaum cov sij hawm lag luam, txuas rau cov ntaub ntawv koj nyeem hauv internet los yog xa los ntawm ib qho ntawm cov kev tshawb fawb hauv internet. Cov hom ntawv ntawm qhov URL zoo li qhov no:
- http://www.examplewebsite.com/mypage
uas yog nquag muaj zog rau qhov no:
- www.examplewebsite.com/mypage
Qee zaum lawv ntev dua thiab nyuab dua, tab sis lawv txhua tus ua raws li cov kev cai hais txog kev sau npe URLs.
URLs muaj peb ntu nyob rau ntawm nplooj ntawv lossis cov ntaub ntawv:
- Qhov raws tu qauv yog qhov xaus rau hauv //: Feem ntau cov nplooj ntawv web siv qhov kev sib kho http lossis https, tab sis kuj muaj lwm cov kev cai.
- Tus tswv tsev lossis cov chaw sau saum toj kawg nkaus, uas nquag xaus rau hauv .com, .net, .edu lossis .org, tiam sis tuaj yeem ua kom tiav rau hauv ib ntawm ntau lwm tus neeg uas tau lees paub.
- Lub filename lossis phab npe nws tus kheej.
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HTTP thiab HTTPS
HTTP yog lub ntsiab lus "Hypertext Transfer Protocol," cov ntaub ntawv sib txuas lus ntawm cov nplooj ntawv web. Thaum lub vev xaib ntawm nplooj ntawv ua ke no, cov kev sib txuas, ntawv nyeem, thiab cov duab yuav tsum ua haujlwm kom zoo hauv koj qhov web browser.
HTTPS yog lub ntsiab lus "Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure." Qhov no qhia tau hais tias lub webpage muaj ib txheej tshwj xeeb ntawm encryption ntxiv rau nkaum koj cov ntaub ntawv thiab cov passwords los ntawm lwm tus. Thaum twg koj nkag mus rau hauv koj tus account hauv txhab nyiaj nyob hauv internet lossis chaw xa khoom siv uas koj nkag mus rau cov ntaub ntawv credit card rau hauv, saib "https" hauv qhov URL rau kev ruaj ntseg.
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HTML thiab XML
Hypertext Markup Language yog lub programming lus hauv webpages. HTML txib koj lub web browser mus tso saib cov ntawv nyeem thiab cov duab kos nyob rau hauv ib txoj kev zam. Pib hauv cov neeg siv internet tsis tas yuav tsum paub cov HTML coding kom txaus siab rau cov webpages lub programming lus muab rau browsers.
XML yog eXtensible Markup Language, ib tug nkauj muam nraug nus rau HTML. XML tsom rau cataloging thiab databasing cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov nplooj ntawv web page.
XHTML yog ua ke ntawm HTML thiab XML.
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Tus IP Chaw Nyob
Koj lub computer thiab txhua lub tshuab txuas rau internet siv Internet Protocol chaw rau kev txheeb xyuas. Feem ntau, IP chaw nyob tau txais. Cov neeg pib tshiab tsis xav tau los muab tus IP chaw nyob. IP chaw nyob yuav saib tau yam zoo li no:
- 202.3.104.55
los yog zoo li qhov no
- 21DA: D3: 0: 2F3B: 2AA: FF: FE28: 9C5A
Txhua lub koos pis tawj, xov tooj ntawm tes thiab mobile ntaus ntawv uas nkag mus rau hauv internet tau muab ib qho IP chaw rau kev taug qab. Nws yuav yog ib qhov chaw nyob ruaj ntseg IP chaw nyob, los yog IP chaw yuav hloov puav, tiam sis nws yog ib qho cim tshwj xeeb.
Txhua qhov chaw koj tuaj yeem, thaum twg koj xa email los yog ib qho xov tam sim ntawv, thiab thaum twg koj download tau ib daim ntawv, koj tus IP chaw ua hauj lwm yog qhov sib npaug ntawm daim ntawv tsav tsheb hauv tsheb los tswj cov kev lees paub thiab kev pom.
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ISP
Koj xav tau ib qho Internet Service Provider mus rau hauv internet. Koj tuaj yeem nkag tau rau ISP dawb hauv tsev kawm ntawv, lub tsev qiv ntawv lossis chaw ua haujlwm, lossis koj yuav tau them ib qho ISP hauv tsev. Ib qho ISP yog lub koomhaum lossis tsoomfwv cov koomhaum uas txuas koj mus rau hauv lub loj internet.
Ib qho ISP muaj ntau yam kev pab cuam rau ntau yam nqi: cov nplooj ntawv web page, email, web page hosting and so on. Feem ntau ISPs muaj ntau yam kev sib txuas hauv internet rau ib hlis nqi. Koj tuaj yeem xaiv them ntau dua rau kev ua haujlwm hauv high-speed hauv internet yog tias koj xav mus kauj tsos lossis xaiv pob nqi tsawg dua yog tias koj siv internet feem ntau rau lub teeb browsing thiab email.
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Router
Ib qho router los yog router-modem ua ke yog qhov khoom siv hluav taws xob uas ua raws li cov tub ceev xwm lub tsheb khiav tawm ntawm cov teeb tseg ntawm koj lub tsev lossis kev lag luam ntawm koj lub ISP. Ib lub router tau wired los yog wireless los yog ob qho tib si.
Koj tus router muab kev tiv thaiv tawm tsam hackers thiab qhia cov ntsiab lus rau lub tshuab computer, ntaus ntawv, streaming ntaus ntawv los yog tshuab luam ntawv uas yuav tsum tau txais nws.
Feem ntau koj lub ISP muab lub network router nws prefers rau koj qhov kev pab cuam hauv internet. Thaum nws ua li, tus router yog teeb tsa yam tsim nyog. Yog tias koj xaiv siv lub router sib txawv, koj yuav tsum nkag mus rau cov ntaub ntawv rau hauv.
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Email yog xa ntawv hluav taws xob . Nws yog tus xa thiab tau txais cov lus sau los ntawm ib qho screen rau lwm tus. Email feem ntau yog los ntawm qhov kev pabcuam xa email-Gmail lossis Yahoo Mail, piv txwv, los yog ib qho software pob txawb xws li Microsoft Outlook lossis Apple Mail.
Pib tshiab pib los tsim ib qho email chaw nyob uas lawv muab rau lawv tsev neeg thiab cov phooj ywg. Txawm li cas los xij, koj tsis tas rau ib qhov chaw nyob los yog email. Koj tuaj yeem xaiv ntxiv rau lwm qhov chaw xa email rau cov lag luam online, lag luam los sis kev sib koom tes.
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Email Spam thiab cov ntxaij lim dej
Spam yog lub npe jargon ntawm lub npe thiab tsis xa email. Spam email tuaj nyob rau hauv ob lub ntsiab pawg: high-volume advertising, uas yog kev nyiag, thiab hackers sim ntxias koj mus rau divulging koj cov passwords, uas yog txaus ntshai.
Filtering yog nrov-tab sis-imperfect tiv thaiv tawm tsam spam. Filtering yog built-in rau ntau tus neeg xa email. Filtering siv software uas nyeem koj cov khoom xa email rau lo lus tseem ceeb ua ke thiab tom qab ntawd los deletes los yog quarantines cov lus uas yuav tshwm sim tau spam. Nrhiav ib tus spam lossis qua ntxi hauv koj lub mailbox kom pom koj daim ntawv kho mob lossis cov ntawv siv tawm.
Yuav tiv thaiv koj tus kheej tawm tsam hackers uas xav tau koj tus kheej cov ntaub ntawv, ua tej yam txawv. Koj lub txhab nyiaj yuav tsis xa email tuaj rau koj thiab nug koj tus password. Tus kwvtij hauv tebchaws Nigeria tsis tshua xav txog koj tus lej account. Amazon tsis tso koj daim ntawv pov thawj pub dawb $ 50. Txhua yam uas suab zoo dhau los ua qhov tseeb tej zaum tsis muaj tseeb. Yog tias koj tsis paub, tsis txhob nias qhov txuas hauv email thiab hu rau sender (koj lub tsev txhab nyiaj los yog leej twg) cais rau qhov kev lees paub.
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Social Media
Kev tawm xov xwm yog lub ntsiab lus sab nraud rau txhua yam cuab yeej hauv online uas ua rau cov neeg siv kev sib raug zoo nrog ntau txhiab lwm cov neeg siv. Facebook thiab Twitter yog cov koom hauv kev sib tham loj tshaj plaws. LinkedIn yog ib qho chaw sib txuam nrog kev sib raug zoo thiab kev cob qhia. Lwm qhov chaw xws li YouTube, Google+, Instagram, Pinterest, Snapchat, Tumblr, thiab Reddit.
Cov kev tshaj xov xwm tawm pub dawb rau txhua tus neeg. Thaum xaiv cov uas nyiam koj, nug koj tus phooj ywg thiab tsev neeg uas lawv yog leej twg. Ntawd txoj kev koj tuaj yeem koom rau ib pab pawg twg koj twb paub neeg.
Raws li txhua yam hauv internet muaj feem, tiv thaiv koj cov ntaub ntawv thaum koj sau npe rau cov chaw. Feem ntau ntawm lawv muaj ib ntu lus ntiag tug nyob qhov twg koj tuaj yeem xaiv dab tsi los qhia rau lwm cov neeg siv ntawm lub vev xaib.
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E-ntoo
E-Commerce yog kev lag luam hluav taws xob-cov khoom lag luam muag thiab yuav online. Txhua txhua hnub, billions nyiaj sib pauv tes hauv internet thiab World Wide Web.
Kev lag luam hauv Internet tau tawg paj txi txiv hauv internet nrog cov neeg siv internet, ua rau lub khw muag khoom cib nyaum thiab cov khoom lag luam. Txhua tus paub zoo muag muaj ib lub vas sab uas pom thiab muag nws cov khoom. Koom nrog lawv yog kaum ob ntawm cov chaw me me uas muag cov khoom thiab qhov chaw loj uas muag txhua yam.
E-lag luam ua haujlwm vim hais tias muaj kev ywj pheej tsim nyog los ntawm HTTPS ruaj ntseg cov nplooj ntawv uas lees paub txog tus kheej cov ntaub ntawv thiab vim cov lag luam txhim khu kev lag luam muaj txiaj ntsim hauv internet ua ib qho kev sib txuas lus nruab nrab thiab ua kom cov txheej txheem yooj yim thiab muaj kev nyab xeeb.
Thaum mus yuav khoom hauv internet, koj yuav tsum nkag mus rau ib daim credit card, PayPal cov ntaub ntawv los yog lwm cov ntaub ntawv them nyiaj.
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Encryption thiab Authentication
Encryption yog lub zauv zauv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv kom nws muab zais los ntawm eavesdroppers. Encryption siv txoj kev ua lej nyuaj kom qhib cov ntaub ntawv ntiag tug rau hauv lub ntsiab lus tsis muaj lub ntsiab lus uas tsuas yog cov neeg ntseeg siab ntseeg xwb.
Encryption yog lub hauv paus rau kev siv internet xws li khi rau kev lag luam, xws li online banking thiab kev siv credit card online. Thaum tso cai rau qhov chaw nyob hauv cov encryption, koj cov ntaub ntawv hauv tuam txhab thiab cov credit card naj npawb khaws cia ntiag tug.
Cov authentication ncaj qha ntsig txog encryption. Cov ntawv pov thawj yog txoj hauv kev uas lub computer systems xyuas tias koj yog leej twg uas koj hais tias koj yog.
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Daus
Daus nws yog ib lub ntsiab lus ntev uas piav qhia txog yam uas koj pom hauv Internet los yog World Wide Web rau koj lub computer los yog lwm yam cuab yeej. Feem ntau, kev dai nrog cov nkauj, suab paj nruag thiab cov ntaub ntawv software. Piv txwv, koj xav tau:
- Download tau lub suab paj nruag tshiab rau koj lub xov tooj ntawm tes
- Download tau ib daim ntawv luam ntawm Microsoft Office.
Qhov loj dua cov ntaub ntawv koj luam, ntev dua ces download yuav siv sij hawm xa mus rau koj lub computer. Qee downloads siv vib nas this; ib txhia siv sijhawm los ntev dua nyob ntawm koj qhov internet ceev .
Webpages uas muab cov ntaub ntawv uas muaj peev xwm muab luam tawm yog feem ntau kom pom tseeb nrog khawm Download (los yog tej yam zoo sib xws).
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Huab Computing
Cloud computing pib raws li ib lub sij hawm los piav txog software uas yog nyob hauv internet thiab qiv, tsis txhob yuav thiab tau nruab rau hauv koj lub computer. Web-based e-mail yog ib qho piv txwv ntawm huab kev ua haujlwm. Tus neeg siv email yog txhua yam ceev cia thiab nkag hauv cov huab cua hauv internet.
Cov huab yog cov niaj hnub version ntawm xyoo 1970's mainframe xam qauv. Raws li ib feem ntawm tus huab computing qauv, software raws li ib qho kev pab cuam yog ib qho lag luam qauv uas xav tias neeg xav theej xauj software tshaj li nws. Nrog lawv lub web browsers, cov neeg siv cov huab hauv internet thiab nkag mus rau hauv lawv cov ntawv xauj hauv online uas lawv cov software nrov nrov.
Nce, kev pabcov muab huab cia ntawm cov ntaub ntawv los pab kom muaj peev xwm mus saib tau koj cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm ntau tshaj ib qho cuab yeej. Nws tau txuag cov ntaub ntawv, duab, thiab cov duab hauv cov huab thiab mam li nkag los ntawm lub laptop, xov tooj ntawm tes, ntsiav tshuaj los yog lwm yam khoom. Huab xam ua haujlwm ntawm cov tib neeg ntawm tib cov ntaub ntawv hauv cov huab tau.
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Firewall
Firewall yog ib lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb los piav qhia txog kev tiv thaiv kev puas tsuaj. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm xam, ib lub firewall muaj software los yog kho vajtse uas tiv thaiv koj lub computer los ntawm hackers thiab kab mob.
Computing firewalls ntau yam los ntawm tej pob khoom siv vev xaib software rau txoj thiab kim software thiab kho vajtse daws. Qee qhov chaw taws teeb muaj dawb . Muaj ntau lub computer cov nkoj nrog ib lub firewall uas koj tuaj yeem qhib tau. Tag nrho ntau hom kev siv hluav taws xob tua hluav taws muaj qee yam tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv cov neeg tiv thaiv hackers los yog siv koj lub computer.
Ib yam li txhua leej txhua tus, pib tshiab rau hauv internet yuav tsum qhib cov firewall rau kev siv tus kheej kom tiv thaiv lawv cov computers los ntawm cov kab mob thiab vwm.
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Malware
Malware yog lub ntsiab lus ntev los piav txog kev siab phem software tsim los ntawm hackers. Malware muaj xws li viruses, trojans, keyloggers, zombie cov kev pabcuam thiab lwm yam software uas thov kom ua ib yam ntawm plaub yam:
- Vandalize koj lub computer rau qee txoj kev
- Xuam koj cov ntaub ntawv ntiag tug
- Siv cov chaw taws teeb tswj ntawm koj lub computer (zombie koj lub computer) rau lwm hnub
- Pab koj mus rau hauv kev yuav khoom
Cov kev pabcuam phem yog lub sij hawm thaum muaj pob thiab cov neeg limhiam ntawm cov neeg tsim kev dag ntxias. Tiv thaiv koj tus kheej nrog ib lub firewall thiab kev paub txog kev tiv thaiv cov kev pab cuam no kom tsis txhob tuaj txog koj lub computer
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Trojan
Ib tug trojan yog ib qho tshwj xeeb ntawm hacker kev pab cuam uas cia siab rau tus neeg siv yuav txais tos nws thiab qhib nws. Npe tom qab lub npe nrov Trojan lub taleas, ib qho kev pab cuam trojan masquerades raws li cov ntaub ntawv raws cai lossis software.
Qee lub sij hawm nws yog ib qho ua yeeb yam-saib cov yeeb yaj kiab los yog ib qho chaw nruab yeeb uas ua txuj ua tus tsis tseeb los tiv thaiv kev lag luam software. Lub zog ntawm trojan nres los ntawm cov neeg siv lub npe tawm thiab khiav cov ntaub ntawv trojan.
Tiv thaiv koj tus kheej tsis yog daus ntaub ntawv xa tuaj rau koj hauv emails lossis koj pom ntawm cov websites tsis txawv.
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Phishing
Phishing yog kev siv cov lus nug thiab cov nplooj ntawv web site uas ntxias koj mus ntaus koj cov lej nyiaj thiab passwords / PINs. Feem ntau hauv daim ntawv fake PayPal cov lus ceeb toom los yog cov ciam nyiaj txiag nkag mus hauv cov vev xaib, phishing tawm tsam tuaj yeem ua rau txhua tus uas tsis tau kawm los saib xyuas cov kev hloov maj mam. Raws li txoj cai, ntse cov neeg siv-cov neeg pib tshiab thiab cov neeg siv sij hawm ntev-lawv yuav tsum ntseeg tsis tau txhua qhov txuas hauv email uas hais tias "koj yuav tsum teev nyob rau hauv thiab paub meej tias qhov no."
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Blogs
Lub blog yog tus kws sau ntawv tshaj tawm online. Cov neeg sau ntaub ntawv thiab cov kws tshaj lij tau tshaj tawm cov blogs rau txhua hom ntawm lub ntsiab lus: lawv cov kev nyiam nyob rau hauv kev sib tw thiab kev ntaus pob tesniv, lawv cov kev xav rau kev kho mob, lawv cov lus hais txog kev txhim kho cov lus xaiv, cov duab blogs uas nyiam cov duab lossis cov tswv yim tech rau kev siv Microsoft Office. Kiag li txhua tus neeg tuaj yeem pib lub blog.
Cov blog feem ntau yog teem caij ua ke thiab tsis muaj qhov ua tsis zoo dua lub website. Ntau tus lawv txais thiab teb cov lus nug. Cov ntawv blog sib txawv ntawm cov neeg nyiam ua haujlwm. Qee cov bloggers txawj nyiaj khwv tau los khwv tau nyiaj los ntawm muag cov ntawv blog.