Muab piv rau tsev thiab kev lag luam, cov computers hauv tsev kawm ntawv theem qis thiab theem nrab yog sib tham nrog me ntsis ntawv nrov lossis kev sib tw. Tsev kawm ntawv tes hauj lwm muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau cov xibfwb thiab cov menyuam kawm ntawv, tabsis cov cuabyeej no tuaj yeem nrog cov nqi tagnrho. Cov tsev kawm ntawv puas siv lawv cov tes hauj lwm zoo? Puas yog txhua lub tsev kawm ntawv yuav tsum sib koom ua ke, lossis cov neeg them se tsis tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo los ntawm kev mob siab kom "tau wired?"
Cov lus cog tseg
Cov tsev kawm ntawv tau txais txiaj ntsig los ntawm lub computer network hauv ntau txoj hauv kev los ntawm cov tuam txhab lossis cov tsev neeg. Tej zaum cov txiaj ntsim kev pab muaj xws li:
- ceev dua cov ntaub ntawv ntxiv
- paub kev sib txuas lus thiab kev sib koom tes
- yooj yim dua rau cov cuab yeej software
Raws li kev xav, cov tub ntxhais kawm tuaj mus rau hauv tsev kawm ntawv hauv tsev kawm ntawv yuav npaj zoo dua rau cov hauj lwm yav tom ntej hauv kev lag luam. Cov tes hauj lwm pab tau cov xib fwb kom ua tiav cov kev kawm hauv online thiab cov ntawv los ntawm ntau qhov chaw - ntau chav kawm, cov neeg ua haujlwm hauv chav ua noj, thiab lawv tsev. Hauv ntej, qhov kev cog lus ntawm cov hauj lwm cov tes hauj lwm zoo li yuav luag tsis tau.
Kev Siv Tshuab Network yooj yim
Cov me nyuam kawm ntawv thiab cov xib fwb zoo siab xav ua hauj lwm nrog cov kev siv software network xws li Web browsers thiab email clients. Txhawb nqa cov ntawv thov, ob peb lwm cov technologies yuav tsum xub muab tso rau hauv qhov chaw. Collectively cov khoom no yog qee zaum hu ua "architecture," "framework," los yog "infrastructure" tsim nyog los pab txhawb cov neeg siv kev sib tham xaus:
- computer hardware
- network operating systems
- network khoom kho mob
Lub Computer Hardware
Muaj ntau hom kev kho vajtse yuav tsim tau siv hauv tsev kawm ntawv network. Feem ntau cov computers muaj feem ntau zog thiab sib zog, tab sis yog tias kev mus los tseem ceeb dua, cov phau ntawv sau los ntawm phau ntawv kuj tseem ua tau.
Cov cuab yeej siv tau muab qis dua lwm cov nqi rau cov ntawv qhia rau cov xib fwb uas xav tau cov ntaub ntawv xov xwm nkag mus los. Cov xibfwb siv tau lub tshuab nqa los siv "sau ntawv" thaum hauv chav kawm, piv txwv, thiab tom qab muab lossis "synchronize" lawv cov ntaub ntawv nrog lub computer duab.
Yog li ntawd, hu ua wearable devices nthuav cov "tswv yim me me thiab txav" ntawm cov handhelds ib kauj ruam ntxiv. Ntawm lawv cov kev siv ntau yam, wearables tuaj yeem pab tus neeg txhais tes lossis txhawb nqa kev kawm. Feem ntau hais lus, tab sis, cov ntaub ntawv coj los siv tau sab nraud sab nraud ntawm kev sib koom tes network.
Network Operating Systems
Ib qho kev khiav hauj lwm uas yog lub ntsiab software tiv thaiv kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm cov neeg thiab lawv lub computer hardware. Hnub no lub handhelds thiab wearables feem ntau tuaj nrog lawv tus kheej kev khiav hauj lwm lub nruab. Nrog desktop thiab cov computers, txawm li ntawd los, feem ntau yog qhov tseeb. Cov computers no qee zaum kuj yuav raug them tsis muaj kev khiav hauj lwm nruab los yog (ntau tshaj li) cov kev khiav hauj lwm uas muaj ua ntej yuav muab hloov nrog lwm tus.
Kev tshawb xyuas New Zealand qhia tias qhov kev lag luam tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv cov tsev kawm ntawv theem nrab muaj Microsoft Windows / NT (siv nyob rau hauv 64% ntawm qhov chaw) ua raws li Novell NetWare (44%) nrog Linux ib qho chaw thib peb (16%).
Network Hardware
Cov handhelds thiab wearables feem ntau kuj muaj xws li kho vajtse built-in rau kev sib txuas lus. Rau cov computers thiab cov laptop computers, txawm li ntawd los, network adapters feem ntau yuav tsum xaiv thiab muas nyias. Ntxiv nta, kev kho khoom nruab nrog siab xws li routers thiab hubs kuj tau ntxiv rau ntau dua thiab kev sib txuas kev sib txuas.
Daim Ntawv Thov thiab Cov Kev Pab
Ntau lub tsev kawm ntawv theem nrab thiab theem siab muaj Internet thiab xa email; New Zealand tshawb nrhiav cov xov tooj saum toj saud 95%, piv txwv. Tab sis cov ntawv no tsis yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws los yog cov tswv yim hauv tsev kawm ntawv. Lwm cov ntawv sau npe nrov hauv cov tsev kawm ntawv muaj xws li kev ua haujlwm thiab cov ntawv tshaj tawm, Web site development tools, thiab qhov chaw nruab nrab ntawm lub program xws li Microsoft Visual Basic.
Ib lub tsev kawm ntawv uas muaj kev sib koom tes pab tau ntau yam kev pab rau cov tub ntxhais kawm thiab cov kws qhia ntawv:
- Cov tub ntxhais kawm tuaj yeem muab cov ntaub ntawv sai dua thiab zoo dua ntais dua li lawv siv tau cov khau disk. Central printers tuaj yeem ua rau cov tub ntxhais kawm tau yooj yim dua.
- Cov xib fwb tuaj yeem nqa lawv cov kev sib txuas lus txhua hnub nrog rau kev sib txuas lus ntau dua los ntawm email thiab xa xov. Xov xwm thiab chav kawm ntawv cov txheej xwm yuav muab tau yooj yim rau cov menyuam kawm ntawv.
- Cov tub ntxhais kawm tuaj yeem ua haujlwm tau yooj yim ua ke ntawm pab pawg neeg siv cov software siv network software.
Cov Tsev Kawm Ntawv Zoo
Tsev kawm ntawv tes haujlwm tsis tuaj yeem dawb . Dhau li ntawm cov nqi pib ntawm kev kho vajtse, software, thiab teeb sijhawm, lub network yuav tsum raug tswj xyuas tsis tu ncua. Kev saib xyuas yuav tsum tau coj los ceev cia cov tub ntxhais kawm ntawv cov ntaub ntawv khaws tseg thiab lwm cov ntaub ntawv raug tiv thaiv. Tej zaum nws yuav tsim nyog los tsim kom muaj chaw quotas hauv kev sib koom.
Cov kev pabcuam tshwjxeeb yuavtsum tau muaj nrog cov tsev kawm ntawv tes haujlwm uas muaj Internet . Kev siv tsis zoo ntawm kev siv gaming lossis cov duab liab qab, thiab siv cov kev siv network-intensive xws li Napster, feem ntau yuav tsum tau saib xyuas thiab / los yog tswj.
Cov kev tshawb fawb hauv New Zealand qhia txog: "Muaj kev sib tham ua ntau dua hauv cov tsev kawm ntawv, tshwj xeeb yog cov tsev kawm ntawv theem siab, cov lus nug txog tias ib lub tsev kawm ntawv puas muaj kev sib txuas network tsis tseem ceeb npaum li cas ntawm kev sib tham hauv tsev kawm ntawv. % ntawm tag nrho cov tsev kawm ntawv yog "networked siab" - uas yog, 80% lossis ntau tshaj ntawm lawv cov chav kawm txuas nrog cabling rau lwm chav. "
Nws tsis tuaj yeem ntsuas ntsuas ntau tus nqi ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv network. Cov kev pabcuam hauv tuam tsev hauv lub tuam txhab muaj lub sijhawm nyuaj rau xam cov nyiaj xa rov qab (ROI), thiab cov teeb meem nrog cov tsev kawm ntawv muaj kev xav ntau dua. Nws yog qhov zoo uas yuav tau xav txog lub tsev kawm ntawv cov kev sib koom tes ua ib qho kev sim ua rau muaj peev xwm rau cov nyiaj them them loj. Saib xyuas cov tsev kawm ntawv kom muaj kev sib txuas lus nrog "kev sib raug zoo dua" thiab rau txoj kev kawm ntawm cov kev sib txuas lus ntawm cov tes hauj lwm los mus khiav ceev ceev.