Ib qho kev qhia rau internet raws tu qauv chaw kawm, tshaj tawm, thiab ntau yam
IP cov chav kawm raug siv los pab muab tus IP chaw rau cov tes hauj lwm uas muaj cov kev cai sib txawv me me. IPv4 IP chaw qhov chaw yuav raug faib ua tsib qhov chaw nyob hu ua Class A, B, C, D, thiab E.
Txhua tus IP hoob muaj ib qhov sib txuas ntawm IPv4 txhua qhov sib txuas. Ib chav kawm zoo li no tsuas yog cia rau ntau qhov chaw nyob, uas yog hom ntaub ntawv kis tau tus kab mob uas muaj ntau tshaj ib lub computer nyob ib zaug.
Tus IP Chaw Kawm Ntawv thiab Cov Naj Npawb
Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom seem ntawm plaub sab laug ntawm IPv4 qhov kev txiav txim siab nws cov chav kawm. Piv txwv, tag nrho cov chav kawm C hoob kawm tau muaj peb qho khoom poob rau ntawm 110 , tiam sis txhua tus ntxiv 29 khoom tuaj yeem teem rau 0 los sis 1 ntawm nws tus kheej (raws li tau teev los ntawm ib tug x ntawm cov haujlwm no):
110xxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxHloov siab rau saum toj no rau dotted decimal cim, nws ua raws li tag nrho cov Class C chaw nyob ntog hauv qhov ntau ntawm 192.0.0.0 txog 223.255.255.255.
Cov lus hauv qab no qhia txog tus IP qhov muaj nqis thiab qhov sib txawv rau txhua chav kawm. Nco ntsoov tias qee qhov ntawm IP chaw seem tawm ntawm Class E rau cov tshwj xeeb vim li tau piav ntxiv hauv qab no.
| Chav kawm | Leftmost khoom | Pib ntawm ntau ntau | Qhov kawg ntawm qhov kawg | Tag nrho cov chaw nyob |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| A | 0xxx | 0.0.0.0 | 127.255.255.255 | 2,147,483,648 |
| B | 10xx | 128.0.0.0 | 191.255.255.255 | 1,073,741,824 |
| C | 110x | 192.0.0.0 | 223.255.255.255 | 536,870,912 |
| D | 1110 | 224.0.0.0 | 239.255.255.255 | 268,435,456 |
| E | 1111 | 240.0.0.0 | 254.255.255.255 | 268,435,456 |
IP chaw nyob Class E thiab Limited Broadcast
IPv4 networking txuj cai qhia txog cov chav kawm E cov txheej xwm raws li kev tshwj tseg , txhais tau hais tias lawv yuav tsum tsis txhob siv rau ntawm tes hauj lwm IP. Qee cov kev tshawb fawb siv cov chav kawm E qhia txog kev sim kawm. Txawm li cas los xij, cov khoom siv uas sim siv cov chaw nyob hauv internet yuav tsis muaj peev xwm sib txuas lus zoo.
Ib qho tshwj xeeb ntawm IP chaw nyob yog qhov chaw tshaj tawm xov xwm 255.255.255.255. Ib qho kev tshaj tawm hauv xov tooj yuav tsum xa ib zaj lus los ntawm ib tus neeg xa mus rau ntau tus neeg tau txais. Xa neeg ncaj qha rau IP tawm xov xwm mus rau 255.255.255.255 los qhia tag nrho lwm cov ntshav hauv zos cheeb tsam network (LAN) yuav tsum khaws cov lus ntawd. Qhov kev tshaj tawm no yog "tsawg" hauv nws tsis tuaj yeem ncav cuag txhua qhov ntawm hauv internet; tsuas yog cov ntshav ntawm LAN.
Kev Thoob Ntiaj Teb Tebchaws raug lees paub txhua qhov chaw nyob ntawm 255.0.0.0 txog 255.255.255.255 rau kev tshaj tawm, thiab qhov no yuav tsum tsis txhob raug suav hais tias yog ib feem ntawm cov chav kawm E.
IP Chaw Nyob D thiab Multicast
IPv4 networking txuj cai qhia txog Class D chaw nyob raws li kev tso cai rau ntau hom xov tooj. Multicast yog ib txoj hauv kev cai hauv Internet rau kev sib txuas lus ntawm cov neeg siv khoom siv thiab xa cov lus sib txuas lus rau cov pab pawg uas tsis yog siv rau txhua qhov ntawm LAN (tshaj tawm) los yog ib qho ntawm lwm qhov (unicast).
Multicast yog siv los ntawm kev tshawb xyuas tes hauj lwm. Raws li chav E, chav kawm D qhov yuav tsum tsis txhob siv los ntawm cov node zoo tib yam hauv internet.