Qhov kev nyeem no piav txog technology tom qab Internet Protocol (IP) kev sib tham. Rau cov neeg tsis txaus siab nyob rau hauv kev sib nrauj, hla mus rau cov hauv qab no:
- Ua hauj lwm nrog cov IP Addresses
IPv4 thiab IPv6
Kev siv Internet (IP) tau tsim nyob rau xyoo 1970s los txhawb qee qhov kev tshawb fawb thawj lub computer . Hnub no, IP tau dhau los ua thoob ntiaj teb tus qauv rau tsev thiab kev lag luam kev lag luam thiab. Peb lub network routers , Web browsers , email cov kev pab cuam, instant messaging software - tag nrho cov vam IP los yog lwm cov kev cai hauv network fawm rau saum IP .
Ob lub versions ntawm IP tshuab muaj nyob niaj hnub no. Cov ntaub ntawv siv computer lub tsev kawm ntawv siv IP version 4 (IPv4), tiam sis qee qhov kev sib txuas lus, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov ntawm cov tsev kawm ntawv thiab cov kev tshawb fawb, tau saws cov tshiab IP version 6 (IPv6).
IPv4 Hais Lus Qhia
Ib qhov chaw nyob ntawm IPv4 muaj plaub bytes (32 khoom). Cov bytes no tseem hu ua octets .
Rau cov hom phiaj nyeem ntawv, tib neeg feem ntau ua hauj lwm nrog cov IP chaw nyob hauv ib qho cim hu ua dotted decimal . Qhov kev cim no piv rau ib ntu ntawm txhua tus lej (octets) uas muaj qhov IP chaw nyob. Piv txwv, tus IP chaw nyob uas siv computer pom
- 00001010 00000000 00000000 00000001
yog sau hauv dotted decimal li
- 10.0.0.1
Vim tias txhua tus byte muaj 8 khoom, txhua qhov octet nyob rau ntawm tus IP qhov sib txawv nyob rau hauv tus nqi ntawm qhov tsawg kawg yog 0 mus txog 255. Yog li, tag nrho cov chaw tus IP yog los ntawm 0.0.0.0 txog 255.255.255.255 . Qhov no sawv cev rau tag nrho ntawm 4,294,967,296 tau qhov chaw nyob IP.
IPv6 Hais Lus Qhia
IP chaw hloov pauv nrog IPv6. IPv6 chaw nyob yog 16 bytes (128 khoom) ntev tshaj li plaub bytes (32 khoom). Qhov loj loj no txhais tau hais tias IPv6 txhawb ntau dua
- 300,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000
tej chaw nyob! Raws li cov xov tooj ntawm tes thiab lwm tus neeg siv khoom siv hluav taws xob nthuav dav lawv muaj peev xwm sib txuas thiab xav tau lawv qhov chaw nyob, IPv4 qhov chaw nyob me me yuav khiav tawm thiab IPv6 tau ua tiav.
IPv6 chaw nyob yog feem ntau sau rau hauv daim ntawv nram qab no:
- hhhh: hhhh: hhhh: hhhh: hhhh: hhhh: hhhh: hhhh
Hauv daim ntawv qhia tag nrho , cov khub ntawm IPv6 bytes sib cais los ntawm ib txoj hnyuv thiab txhua tus bytes hauv kev lem yog sawv cev ua ib khub hexadecimal lej , xws li hauv qab no:
- E3D7: 0000: 0000: 0000: 51F4: 9BC8: C0A8: 6420
Raws li hais saum toj no, IPv6 chaw nyob muaj ntau ntau bytes nrog pes tsawg tus nqi. Shorthand cim nyob rau hauv IPv6 tshem tawm qhov kev ntseeg no los ntawm cov sawv cev ntawv (txawm tias cov bytes tseem tuaj yeem nyob hauv qhov chaw nyob network ) raws li hauv qab no:
- E3D7 :: 51F4: 9BC8: C0A8: 6420
Thaum kawg, muaj ntau qhov chaw IPv6 yog cov kev txuas ntxiv ntawm IPv4 chaw nyob. Hauv no, qhov rightmost four bytes ntawm tus IPv6 chaw nyob (rightmost ob-byte khub) yuav rov sau dua hauv IPv4 cim. Hloov ua piv txwv saum toj no kom sib xyaw cim sau
- E3D7 :: 51F4: 9BC8: 192.168.100.32
IPv6 chaw nyob yuav sau rau hauv ib qho ntawm tag nro, sib txig sib luag los yog sib xyaw cov ntawv qhia txog saum toj no.