Thaum cov duab tau ntau ntawm txoj kev hlub thaum nws tuaj rau cov websites, nws yog lo lus sau uas thov mus tshawb xyaw thiab muab cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov chaw feem ntau. Xws li, hom qauv tsim yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm lub vev xaib tsim. Nrog rau qhov tseem ceeb ntawm qhov chaw hauv phau ntawv los ntawm qhov kev xav tau los xyuas kom meej tias nws zoo nkaus li zoo thiab nyeem yooj yim. Qhov no yog ua nrog CSS (Cov Ntawv Xiam Hloov Cas Cas) styling.
Ua raws li cov qauv siv niaj hnub no, thaum koj xav txiav txim siab ntawm qhov website ntawm cov ntawv nyeem, koj yuav ua li ntawd siv CSS. Qhov no cais qhov CSS style ntawm cov qauv HTML ntawm nplooj. Raws li qhov piv txwv, yog tias koj xav tsim qhov font ntawm nplooj ntawv mus rau "Arial", koj tuaj yeem ua li no los ntawm kev ntxiv cov cai hauv qab no rau koj tus CSS (daim ntawv ceeb toom - qhov no yuav ua tau nyob rau sab CSS lwm daim ntawv uas powers tus cwj pwm rau txhua nplooj ntawv hauv website):
lub cev {font-family: Arial; }No font teem rau "lub cev", yog li ntawd CSS cascade yuav siv qhov style rau tag nrho lwm cov ntsiab lus ntawm nplooj ntawv. Qhov no yog vim txhua lwm yam HTML yog tus me nyuam ntawm lub cev "lub cev", CSS yeej zoo li font tsev neeg los yog xim yuav rov los ntawm niam txiv rau tus me nyuam lub caij. Qhov no yuav yog rooj plaub tshwj tsis yog tias ib qho ntxiv tshwj xeeb ntxiv rau cov ntsiab lus. Qhov teeb meem nkaus xwb nrog no CSS yog tias tsuas yog ib qho font nkaus xwb. Yog tias qhov ntawv tsis tuaj yeem pom vim qeeb, qhov browser yuav hloov lwm tus hauv nws qhov chaw. Qhov no yog qhov phem vim tias koj tsis muaj kev tswj xyuas seb qhov twg yog siv font - qhov browser yuav xaiv rau koj, thiab koj yuav tsis nyiam qhov nws txiav txim siab siv! Ntawd yog qhov chaw teeb ntawm lub xim tuaj.
Ib pawg kauj ruam yog ib daim ntawv teev cov ntawv sau rau hauv CSS font-family declaration. Cov ntawv sau tau teev nyob rau hauv kev txiav txim siab tias koj xav kom lawv tshwm nyob rau hauv lub tsev kawm ntawv thaum muaj teeb meem xws li ib daim ntawv tsis txhim kho. Lub tshooj font tso cai rau tus kws ua yeeb yam kom pom cov duab ntawm cov nplooj ntawv hauv lub vev xaib txawm tias lub computer tsis muaj qhov pib font uas koj hu rau.
Yog li cas ib pawg ntawv zoo li cas? Ntawm no yog ib qho piv txwv:
lub cev {font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif; }Muaj ob peb yam uas yuav pom ntawm no.
Ua ntej, koj yuav pom tias peb cais cov npe txawv font nrog ib lub sijhawm. nruab nrab ntawm txhua tus Koj ntxiv tau ntau yam fonts li koj xav, tsuav yog lawv sib cais los ntawm ib tug comma. Qhov browser yuav sim ntsaws lub thawj font teev thawj zaug. Yog tias qhov ntawd tsis tiav, nws yuav khiav ntawm txoj kab ua txhua qib kom txog rau thaum nws pom ib qho uas nws siv tau. Hauv qhov ua piv txwv no peb siv cov Web site zoo nkauj, thiab "Georgia" yuav muaj nyob rau ntawm tus neeg lub computer uas yog mus saib lub vev xaib (nco - qhov browser saib rau hauv koj lub computer rau cov ntawv teev nyob rau sab, yog li ntawd lub tsev kawm ntawv yeej qhia lub koos pij tawj uas siv cov ntawv xa tawm los ntawm koj lub cev). Yog tias vim qee lub ntsiab lus uas tsis pom, nws yuav txav tawm hauv cov khoom thiab sim cov ntawv qhia ntxiv tom ntej.
Nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm tom ntej no font, pom li cas nws yog sau nyob rau hauv pawg. Lub npe ntawm "Times New Roman", yog nyob hauv ob chav quotes. Qhov no yog vim lub npe ntawv muaj ntau lo lus. Cov npe ntawv muaj ntau tshaj ib lo lus (Trebuchet MS, Courier New, thiab lwm yam) yuav tsum muaj lub npe nyob hauv ob chav quotes xwv kom qhov browser paub tias tag nrho cov lus no yog ib feem ntawm lub npe font.
Thaum kawg, peb xaus qhov font teeb nrog "serif", uas yog ib qho kev cai ntawm font. Hauv qhov tsis pom zoo tias tsis muaj cov ntawv uas koj tau teev nyob rau hauv koj pawg, qhov browser yuav xwb nrhiav tau tus font uas kawg ntog rau hauv qhov kev faib tawm uas koj tau xaiv. Piv txwv li, yog tias koj siv sans-serif fonts zoo li Arial thiab Verdana, dua qhov xaus pawg ntawv nrog cov kev faib tawm ntawm "sans-serif" yuav kawg khaws cov font hauv tag nrho tsev neeg yog tias muaj teeb meem. Yuam kev, nws yuav tsum tsis tshua muaj pes tsawg tus browser tsis pom ib qho ntawm cov ntawv teev tseg hauv cov khoom seem thiab yuav tsum tau siv siv qhov kev faib ua qis no, nws yog ib qho kev xyaum zoo tshaj plaws rau hauv nws qhov teeb meem los ntawm kev ruaj ntseg ua ke.
Font Stacks thiab Web Fonts
Ntau lub vas sab hnub no siv web fonts uas yog nyob rau hauv lub site nrog rau lwm qhov chaw (xws li lub tsev kawm ntawv cov duab, cov ntaub ntawv Javascript, thiab lwm yam) lossis txuas mus rau ntawm qhov chaw nyob ntawm qhov chaw xws li Google Fonts lossis Typekit. Thaum no cov ntawv yuav tsum thauj txij li thaum koj mus txuas rau cov ntaub ntawv lawv tus kheej, koj tseem xav siv ib lub tshev font los xyuas kom meej tias koj muaj qee tus tswj kev muaj teeb meem uas yuav tshwm sim. Tib yam mus rau qhov "web safe" fonts uas yuav tsum yog rau lwm tus lub computer (nco ntsoov tias cov ntawv peb tau siv ua piv txwv nyob rau hauv tsab xov xwm, nrog rau Arial, Verdana, Georgia, thiab Times New Roman, yog txhua lub vas sab zoo nkauj uas yuav tsum ntawm ib tug neeg lub computer). Txawm tias tej zaum yuav muaj cov font uas ploj lawm tsis tshua muaj heev, specifying ib lub tshooj font yuav pab tiv thaiv kom tsis muaj teeb meem ntawm qhov chaw tus qauv tsim kom ntau li ntau tau.
Thawj tsab xov xwm los ntawm Jennifer Krynin. Edited by Jeremy Girard rau 8/9/17