Koj yuav tsis paub nws tab sis koj siv qhib qhov software yuav luag txhua hnub
Open source software (OSS) yog software uas yog qhov chaws tau pom thiab hloov los ntawm pej xeem, lossis lwm yam "qhib". Thaum lub hauv paus code tsis pom thiab hloov los ntawm pej xeem, nws suav hais tias "kaw" los yog "proprietary".
Qhov chaws code yog qhov qab-cov-scenes programming ib feem ntawm software uas cov neeg siv tsis feem ntau saib. Qhov chaws code ntes tawm cov lus qhia yuav ua li cas rau software ua hauj lwm thiab tag nrho cov kev sib txawv ntawm cov software ua haujlwm.
Cov Neeg Siv Cov Nyiaj Pab Los ntawm OSS
OSS tso cai rau cov neeg tsim kev kawm los ua haujlwm ntawm kev txhim kho cov software los nrhiav thiab kho qhov yuam kev nyob rau hauv qhov chaws (kab fixes), muab kho dua rau software ua hauj lwm nrog cov cuab yeej tshiab, thiab tsim tshiab nta. Cov pab pawg sib koom tes ntawm qhib qhov chaw cov kev pab cuam ntawm cov neeg siv software vim hais tias cov teeb meem raug tsau sai dua, cov tshiab nta ntxiv thiab tso tawm ntau, tus software muaj kev ruaj khov nrog ntau cov neeg tsim khoom los nrhiav kev kho nyob rau hauv cov cai, ntau dua cov software programs.
Feem ntau OSS siv qee cov qauv lossis kev hloov ntawm GNU General Public License (GNU GPL lossis GPL). Qhov yooj yim txoj kev xav txog GPL zoo ib yam li ib daim duab uas yog nyob rau hauv cov pej xeem sau. GPL thiab pej xeem sau ob leeg tso cai rau leej twg los hloov, hloov, thiab rov qab siv dua ib yam tiam sis lawv xav tau. Lub GPL muab cov neeg tsim khoom siv thiab cov neeg siv tau kev tso cai rau kev nkag mus thiab hloov cov kev cai, whereas pej xeem sau muab cov neeg siv kev tso cai los siv thiab hloov cov yees duab. GNU ib feem ntawm GNU GPL yog hais txog daim ntawv tso cai rau GNU operating system, ib qho kev qhib dawb / qhib kev khiav haujlwm uas yog thiab tseem yog ib qho tseem ceeb nyob rau hauv qhov chaw qhib lub tshuab.
Ib qho ntxiv rau cov neeg siv yog OSS feem ntau tau dawb, txawm li cas los, tej zaum yuav muaj nqi rau cov khoom siv, xws li kev pab txhawb, rau qee cov software programs.
Qhov twg yog qhov chaw qhib qhov twg los?
Thaum lub tswvyim ntawm kev sib koom tes software coding muaj nws cov hauv paus hniav nyob rau hauv xyoo 1950-1960 los ntawm kev kawm, los ntawm xyoo 1970 thiab 1980s, cov teeb meem xws li kev sib cai lij choj ua rau qhov kev qhib kev sib koom tes rau software coding los poob chav. Cov software software tshwj xeeb tshaj tawm txog lub lag luam software txog Richard Stallman nrhiav tau lub Free Software Foundation (FSF) hauv xyoo 1985, los qhib lossis dawb software rov qab mus rau lub forefront. Lub tswvyim ntawm "dawb software" yog hais txog kev ywj pheej, tsis raug nqi. Cov kev txav hauv qab software dawb tswj cov neeg siv kev lag luam yuav tsum muaj kev ywj pheej pom, hloov, kho, kho, thiab ntxiv rau qhov chaws kom tau raws li lawv cov kev xav tau, thiab yuav tsum tau tso cai rau faib los yog faib nrog lwm tus.
Lub FSF tau ua lub luag haujlwm rau hauv txoj haujlwm dawb thiab qhib qhov software nrog lawv cov GNU Project. GNU yog ib txoj haujlwm pub dawb (ib qho ntawm cov kev pabcuam thiab cov cuabyeej uas qhia rau lub tshuab lossis lub tshuab computer khiav lag luam), feem ntau tso tawm nrog cov khoom siv, cov tsev qiv ntawv, thiab daim ntawv sau npe uas yuav raug xa mus ua ib qhov qauv lossis kev faib khoom. GNU yog khub nrog ib qhov kev pab cuam hu ua kernel, uas tswj cov kev pabcuam ntawm lub computer lossis ntaus ntawv sib txawv, nrog rau kev sib txuas lus ntawm kev siv software thiab hardware. Qhov feem ntau cov noob qes nrog GNU yog lub tshuab Linux, tsim los ntawm Linus Torvalds. Qhov kev khiav hauj lwm qhov system thiab kev sib tsoo ntawm kev ua lag luam yog technically hu ua GNU / Linux operating system, tab sis nws yog feem ntau raug xa mus rau kev yooj yim li Linux.
Rau ntau yam, xws li kev ntxhov siab nyob rau hauv kiab khw tshaj li cas lub ntsiab lus "dawb software" tiag tiag meant, lub sij hawm ua lwm "qhib qhov chaw" los ua lub sijhawm dua rau software tsim thiab tswj xyuas cov kev sib koom tes. Lub sij hawm "qhib qhov chaw" tau raug txais yuav los ntawm kev sib tw tshwj xeeb ntawm technology xav-cov thawj coj nyob rau lub Ob Hlis 1998, uas yog tshuab luam ntawv Tim O'Reilly. Tom qab ntawd, lub hli no, qhib lub Tswv Yim (OSI) tau tsim los ntawm Eric Raymond thiab Bruce Perens ua ib lub koom haum tsis koom tes rau kev txhawb OSS.
Lub FSF tseem yog ib qho kev txhawb pab thiab cov pab pawg neeg koom ua ke rau kev txhawb pab cov neeg siv cov kev ywj pheej thiab cov cai muaj feem xyuam nrog kev siv cov cai. Txawm li cas los xij, feem ntau ntawm kev lag luam technology siv lub sij hawm "qhib qhov chaw" rau cov haujlwm thiab software programs uas cia pej xeem nkag mus rau qhov chaws.
Open Source Software yog Ib Feem ntawm Txhua Lub Neej
Kev qhib qhov project yog ib feem ntawm peb lub neej txhua hnub. Koj tuaj yeem nyeem cov ntawv no hauv koj lub xov tooj ntawm tes lossis lub ntsiav tshuaj, thiab yog tias muaj li, koj yuav siv tau cov kev siv technology qhib tam sim no. Lub operating systems rau ob lub iPhone thiab Android tau Ameslikas siv siv cov khoom siv los ntawm qhov qhib software, projects, thiab programs.
Yog tias koj nyeem cov ntawv no hauv koj lub laptop lossis duab, koj puas siv Chrome los yog Firefox ua qhov web browser? Mozilla Firefox yog qhib qhov web browser. Google Chrome yog ib qho hloov tshiab ntawm qhov project qhib qhov project hu ua Chromium - txawm Chromium tau pib los ntawm Google cov neeg tsim khoom uas txuas ntxiv mus ua si lub luag haujlwm hauv kev hloov kho ntxiv thiab ntxiv, Google muaj ntxiv programming thiab nta (qee yam uas tsis qhib qhov chaw) rau qhov software no los tsim cov Google Chrome browser.
Qhov tseeb, hauv internet raws li peb paub tias nws yuav tsis nyob tsis muaj OSS. Cov pioneers siv tshuab ua lub ntiaj teb dav dav siv tau qhib siv technology, xws li Linux operating system thiab Apache web servers los tsim peb lub internet niaj hnub. Apache web servers yog OSS cov kev pab cuam uas ua haujlwm rau ib lub vev xaib (piv txwv, yog tias koj nias qhov txuas rau lub website koj xav tuaj xyuas) los nrhiav thiab coj koj mus rau qhov webpage. Apache web servers yog qhib qhov chaw thiab muaj kev ruaj ntseg los ntawm cov neeg tsim khoom tuaj pab dawb thiab cov tswv cuab ntawm cov koom haum tsis koom nrog hu ua Apache Software Foundation.
Kev qhib qhov chaw yog qhib tau thiab hloov peb lub tshuab thiab peb lub neej txhua hnub rau hauv kev uas peb feem ntau tsis paub. Cov neeg zej zog ntawm cov neeg tsim kev kawm uas tau pab qhib tau cov kev pab cuam txuas mus ntxiv rau qhov kev txhais ntawm OSS thiab ntxiv rau qhov txiaj ntsim uas nws coj tuaj rau peb lub zej zog.