Tus Txivneej los ntawm Txoj Kev Sib Haum
Muaj ntau txhiab tus txawj xav ua yeeb yam hauv hnub no lub computer graphics, thiab lawv muaj lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev sib tw ua si ua si thiab cov yeeb yaj duab uas peb saib rau hauv cov duab kos duab uas lawv yog. Tab sis tom qab txhua txhua tus tub paj nruag yog ib tus kws tshawb fawb pom tias ua rau lawv ua haujlwm.
Qee zaum, cov kws tshawb fawb yeej yog lawv tus kheej, thiab lwm tus neeg tau los ntawm kev coj ncaj ncees tsis txuam nrog. Ib qho uas txhua tus neeg ntawm daim ntawv teev npe no muaj nyob rau hauv ntau yog tias lawv thawb lub computer graphics rau qee txoj kev. Ib txhia ntawm lawv tau tso lub hauv paus ua ntau xyoo dhau los thaum kev lag luam tseem tseem nyob hauv nws cov me nyuam mos. Lwm tus neeg ua kom zoo dua cov tswv yim, nrhiav cov kev daws tshiab rau cov teeb meem qub.
Lawv txhua tus pioneer:
01 ntawm 10
Ed Catmull
Kev Xam Xim, Kev Tiv Thaiv, Kev Ris Tsho, Z-Buffering
Vim hais tias ntawm kev lom zem raws li ib qho ntawm cov co-founders ntawm Pixar Animation Studios, Ed Catmull yog tej zaum qhov zoo tshaj plaws paub computer kws tshawb fawb ntawm daim ntawv teev npe no. Tus neeg twg uas siv sijhawm ntau npaum li cas tom qab los sis nyeem txog Computer Computer Industry lawm yeej yuav tuaj thoob nws lub npe ib zaug los yog ob zaug, thiab txawm tias cov neeg ua haujlwm tsis txaus siab ntawm CG ces nws pom nws txais ib qho Academy Award rau kev kawm tiav hauv xyoo 2009.
Ib feem ntawm Pixar, Catmull qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws rau kev lag luam yog tsim los ntawm kev tsim cov qauv kev ntxhib los mos (sim xav txog kev lag luam uas tsis muaj kev ntxhib los mos), kev txhim kho kev siv algorithms, kev txhim kho ntawm qhov kev ua haujlwm ntawm qhov tob, thiab kev ua haujlwm ua haujlwm ntawm Z -buffering (kev tswj qhov tob).
Ed Catmull yog tiag tiag ntawm thawj tus kws tshawb fawb pib tshawb nrhiav qhov kev lag luam rau kev ua lag luam niaj hnub nim no , thiab nws txoj kev koom tes rau thaj teb yog qhov tseeb tiag. Nws tab tom ua tus thawj tswj hwm ntawm Pixar thiab Walt Disney Animation Studios.
02 ntawm 10
Jim Blinn
Blinn-Phong Shader Model, Bump Mapping
Blinn pib nws txoj hauj lwm hauv NASA, qhov uas nws ua hauj lwm nyob rau ntawm Visionager lub hom phiaj, tiam sis nws txoj kev koom tes rau hauv computer graphics tuaj thaum xyoo 1978 thaum nws revolutionized txoj kev teeb sib cuam tshuam nrog 3D qhov chaw hauv ib cheeb tsam software. Tsis yog nws tau sau Blinn-Phong shader tus qauv, uas tau coj los ua ib qho kev ua lag luam (piv txwv li ceev nrooj) ntawm kev ua ntu zauv ntawm 3D qauv , nws kuj tau txais kev lees paub nrog lub tswv yim ntawm kev sib tw.
03 ntawm 10
Loren Carpenter & Robert Cook
Reyes Rendering
Peb tus thawj khub, nyob rau ntawm daim ntawv, Ntoo thiab Ua noj yog cais tawm vim lawv tau luam tawm lawv txoj haujlwm ua haujlwm ua ke (Ed Catmull kuj tau pab rau kev tshawb fawb). Cov khub yog kev tsim kho hauv cov qauv duab ntawm photorealistic Reyes rendering architecture , uas yog lub hauv paus ntawm Pixar lub pob yeeb yam PhotoRealistic RenderMan software pob txig (PRMan luv luv).
Reyes, uas sawv rau Renders txhua yam koj pom, tseem siv dav hauv studio nqis, feem ntau notably ntawm Pixar, tab sis kuj ua ib pawg ntawm Reyes spinoffs feem ntau hu ua Renderman-raws txoj kab renderers. Rau cov menyuam yau tshaj lij thiab cov neeg ua yeeb yaj kiab, Reyes feem ntau tau txais kev pabcuam los ntawm cov kabmob scanline / kabmob xws li Mental Ray thiab VRay.
04 ntawm 10
Ken Perlin
Perlin nrov, Hypertexture, Cim npe ntawm Real-Time Animation, Stylus Based Input Devices
Perlin yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm cov kev lag luam uas muaj kev lag luam uas muaj kev vam meej nyob deb thiab muaj nuj nqis. Perlin nrov yog qhov nrov thiab ua rau ntau txoj hauv kev zoo nkauj (xws li tom, ceev, yooj yim, tsis muaj kev ntxhib los mos-daim ntawv qhia) uas tuaj ntawm txhua qhov 3D software pob . Hypertexture-lub peev xwm los saib xyuas cov kev hloov rau tus qauv textures nyob rau ntawm lub sijhawm tiag tiag-yog ib lub sij hawm zoo uas txuag cov tswv yim hauv ib tus kws kos duab. Kuv xav tias real-time ua cim animation ntshe hais lus rau nws tus kheej. Stylus Based Input Devices-sim sim cais cov duab sculptor ntawm lawv cov tshuaj Wacom ntsiav tshuaj.
Cov no yog txhua yam uas cov artist tau siv txhua hnub uas nws ua rau nws kos duab. Tej zaum tsis muaj Perlin txoj kev kho tau raws li groundbreaking raws li hais, qhov muag khoom ntawm kev ntxhib los mos-kuas, tab sis lawv yog txhua tus nqi zoo li.
05 ntawm 10
Pat Hanrahan & Henrik Wann Jensen
Subsurface Scattering, Photon Mapping
Puas tau pom Pixar's Tin Toy, los yog lwm yam kev sim thaum ntxov ntawm kev yees duab-tseeb ntawm ib tug tib neeg tus cwj pwm? Tej yam zoo nkaus li, puas yog? Qhov no yog vim tib neeg tawv nqaij tsis yog qhov tsis kam-nws ua rau nws kis, qav, lossis absorbs ib feem loj ntawm lub teeb uas ntaus nws, muab peb cov tawv nqaij los hloov maj mam liab los yog kua liab liab uas nyob hauv cov hlab ntsha hauv cov hlab ntaws. Ntxov ntxov ntxoov ntxoo los ua tsis tau zoo ntawm kev ua haujlwm zoo, ua rau tib neeg cim tshwm sim los yog zombie zoo li.
Subsurface Scattering (SSS) yog cov txheej txheem shading uas ua rau daim tawv nqaij hauv cov txheej, nrog txhua txheej xa tawm Hawj Ambient txawv raws li qhov tob-maps-no yog Jensen & Hanrahan lub txiaj ntsim zoo tshaj plaws rau lub tshav pob, thiab nws txoj kev coj ua tib neeg cov cim tau raug hnub no.
Lub photon kuas algorithm tau sau los ntawm Jensen ib leeg, thiab zoo sib xws nrog lub teeb kis los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv translucent. Tshwj xeeb, photon kuas yog ob txoj kev siv thoob ntiaj teb illumination cov txheej txheem siv feem ntau simulate teeb pom dua los ntawm iav, dej, lossis pa pa.
Qhov ob yog Awarded Academy khoom plig hauv kev ua tiav rau kev ua haujlwm rau lawv txoj haujlwm nyob rau theem qis.
06 ntawm 10
Arthur Appel & Turner Whitted
Raycasting & Kab Ceeb Toom Algorithms
Txawm hais tias technically ob cais breakthroughs, peb suav suav raycasting (Appel 1968) thiab tom qab khiav tawm (Whitted 1979) raws li ib qho kev nkag teb chaws vim tias Turner Whitted yeej tseem zoo rau lub tuam tsev thiab kev ua hauj lwm uas Appel tau ua ntau xyoo ua ntej.
Ua ke, qhov ob lub punch ua rau ntau hom kev ua haujlwm uas niaj hnub ua, thiab muaj kev ua haujlwm scannline renderers vim nws muaj peev xwm kom muaj peev xwm los tsim qhov tseeb teeb pom kev zoo phenomena xws li xim ntshav, duab ntxoov ntxoo falloff, refraction, reflection, thiab qhov tob ntawm daim teb. Txawm hais tias cov kab hluav taws xob sib tw yeej muaj tseeb, lawv qhov teeb meem loj tshaj plaws yeej tau (thiab tseem nyob hauv) lawv ceev thiab ua haujlwm. Txawm li cas los nrog hnub no tus ultra-haib CPUs thiab kho graphics graphics, qhov no tau ua rau tsawg dua ntawm qhov teeb meem.
07 ntawm 10
Paul Debevec
Image Based Rendering & Qauv, HDRI
Vim nws txoj kev sib tw, Paul Debevec tsuas yog lub luag hauj lwm rau kaum tawm txhiab tus neeg mob-qhia "lub tsheb npav futuristic zaum hauv chav tsev dawb tab sis tseem xav txog ib cheeb tsam chaw". Tab sis nws tseem yog lub luag hauj lwm kom yooj yim rau kev ua hauj lwm ntawm ntau qhov chaw ntawm ib puag ncig, tsheb, thiab kev tsim kho vaj tse tshwj xeeb.
Image based rendering ua rau nws siv tau ib qho duab HDRI (360 degree panoramic duab ntawm ib cheeb tsam) los ua kom pom lub teeb-maps rau 3D scene. Generating lub teeb duab los ntawm lub ntiaj teb tiag tiag vista txhais tau hais tias cov yeeb yaj duab tsis xav siv sij hawm ntxiv cov sij hawm tso teeb thiab lub thawv rov qab rau hauv ib qho 3D scene thiaj li tau txais ib txoj kev ncaj ncees.
Nws ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv cov duab raws qauv qauv pub rau lub cim ntawm 3D qauv los ntawm ib phau ntawm tseem dluab-cov tswv yim no tau pib siv rau hauv Matrix, thiab tau ua raws hauv ntau cov yeeb yaj duab txij thaum ntawd los.
08 ntawm 10
Krishnamurthy & Levoy
Xws Li Tawm
Qhov pib ntawm no ob. Lawv cov tub ntxhais kawm tsuas yog muaj kev sib tw xwb, tab sis tub yog ib qho loj heev. Qee zauv, ua rau ntawm lub tswv yim hais tias nws tau ua kom haum rau cov ncauj lus kom ntxaws heev (nrog tsheej lab ntawm cov duab) kom muaj qhov tsis sib haum xeeb raws li cov qauv saum npoo.
Uas tej zaum yuav tsis zoo ib yam li yog tias koj tab tom los ntawm ib qho pom kev tom qab qhov twg nws tsis yog qhov tsis muaj siab ntawm muab mus rau 80 CPU cov sij hawm ntawm kev kav sij hawm rau ib zaj duab xis ntawm zaj duab xis. Nyuam qhuav tau txais ib lub tsev qiv ntawv uas txuam nrog computers thiab txhuam nws lub zog, koj yuav hais tau.
Tab sis yuav ua li cas hais txog kev ua lag luam ua yeeb yam uas tag nrho cov kev kawm yuav tsum tau muab 60 zaus txhua zaum ob? Muaj peev xwm "ci" xav txog qhov kev ua si zoo heev nrog tsheej lab ntawm cov duab rau hauv low-poly real-time mesh yog zoo nkauj npaum li cas vim hnub no ua si zoo li darn zoo. Gears of War tsis muaj dab tsi? Tsis muaj caij nyoog.
09 ntawm 10
Ofer Alon & Jack Rimokh
Founded Pixologic, tsim ZBrush
Nyuam qhuav kaum xyoo dhau los no cov neeg tsav tsheb npau suav txog kev lag luam thaum lawv nrhiav Pixologic thiab qhia cov qauv kev hloov ua qauv, ZBrush. Lawv ib leeg-tau ntim ushered nyob rau hauv lub era ntawm digital sculptor, thiab nrog nws tuaj txog pua pua ntawm fantastically kom ntxaws, impeccably textured, organic 3D qauv zoo li lub ntiaj teb no yeej tsis tau pom.
Siv ua ke nrog kev kuas, ZBrush (thiab zoo li software xws li Mudbox ua rau tib lub ntsiab lus) tau hloov cov qauv kev ua haujlwm. Tsis txhob ua haujlwm dhau ntawm ntug ntws thiab topology , tam sim no ua tau kom sculpt ib tug 3D qauv zoo li nws yog ib qho ntawm cov av nplaum nrog tsawg xav tau qhov chaw vertex ntawm vertex.
Rau cov qauv ntawm txhua tus neeg, ua tsaug rau koj Pixologic. Ua tsaug.
10 ntawm 10
William Reeves
Motion Blur algorithm
Reeves yog ib tug ntawm cov hais mav uas tau hnav li ntawm txhua lub kaus mom koj yuav xav txog nyob rau hauv kev lag luam hauv computer graphics. Nws ua hauj lwm raws li thawj coj ntawm John Lasseter lub seminal Luxo Jr. luv luv zaj duab xis (yug ntawm Pixar teeb) thiab tau ua tus cwj pwm loj hauv kaum tawm yeeb yaj duab feature. Nws txoj kev koom tes feem ntau yog nyob rau hauv txoj hauj lwm, tab sis nws qee zaus qiv nws cov txuj ci ua ib tus qauv, thiab txawm ib zaug li ib qho animator.
Nws qhov kev ua tau zoo tshaj plaws, thiab qhov tseeb vim nws yog nyob rau hauv daim ntawv teev npe no, yog los tsim thawj tus algorithm kom ua raws li lub suab paj nruag blur hauv computer animation.
Kawm txog 3D luam ntawv.