Hais txog CIDR cim thiab IP Chaw
CIDR yog ib qho kev siv rau Classless Inter-Domain Routing. CIDR tau tsim nyob rau hauv xyoo 1990s raws li txheej txheem qauv rau kev sib koom tes ntawm kev sib koom tes thoob plaws hauv internet.
Vim li cas thiaj siv CIDR?
Ua ntej CIDR technology tau tsim, cov ua haujlwm hauv internet tau tswj hwm cov tsheb khiav hauv kev mus raws li cov chav kawm ntawm IP chaw . Hauv no, tus nqi ntawm tus IP chaw txiav txim siab nws cov subnetwork rau lub hom phiaj ntawm txoj kev.
CIDR yog ib qho kev hloov rau IP nkag subnetting . Nws npaaj cov chaw nyob rua huv subnetworks ywj pheej ntawm qhov chaw nyob ntawm puab tug kheej. CIDR kuj muaj lub npe hu ua supernetting, raws li nws tau tso cai rau ntau lub subnets kom muaj kev sib koom ua ke rau kev sib koom tes.
CIDR cim qhia
CIDR qhia meej txog tus IP qhov chaw siv ntau yam ntawm ib qhov chaw nyob ntawm tus IP thiab nws lub khwb qhov ncauj qhov ntsej muag. CIDR cim qhia siv hom ntawv nram qab no:
- xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx/n
qhov twg n yog pes tsawg (leftmost) '1' khoom nyob hauv daim npog qhov ncauj. Piv txwv li:
- 192.168.12.0/23
siv lub npog qhov ncauj qhov txhab 255.255.254.0 rau 192.168 network, pib ntawm 192.168.12.0. Qhov kev cim no sawv cev rau qhov chaw nyob 192.168.12.0 - 192.168.13.255. Piv rau kev sib koom tes raws li kev sib tham, 192.168.12.0/23 nruab nrab yog kev sib sau ua ke ntawm ob hoob C subtitles 192.168.12.0 thiab 192.168.13.0 txhua tus muaj lub npog qhov ncauj ntawm 255.255.255.0. Hauv ua ke:
- 192.168.12.0/23 = 192.168.12.0/24 + 192.168.13.0/24
Txuas ntxiv, CIDR txhawb nqa qhov chaw nyob hauv internet thiab kev sib txuas lus ywj pheej ntawm cov menyuam kawm ntawv ntawm ib qhov chaw IP. Piv txwv li:
- 10.4.12.0/22
nruab nrab yog qhov chaw nyob 10.4.12.0 - 10.4.15.255 (network npog xov tooj 255.255.252.0). Qhov no muab qhov sib npaug ntawm cov Class Four cov sib tw hauv qhov chaw loj dua Class A.
Koj yuav qee zaum pom CIDR cov ntawv cim txawm siv rau cov koom tes tsis yog CIDR. Hauv non-CIDR IP subnetting, li cas los xij, tus nqi n yog txwv rau 8 (hoob A), 16 (Qib B) lossis 24 (Qib Kawm C). Piv txwv:
- 10.0.0.0/8
- 172.16.0.0/16
- 192.168.3.0/24
Cas CIDR Ua Haujlwm
CIDR cov kev siv yuav tsum muaj qee cov kev txhawb nqa nyob hauv kev sib koom ua ke ntawm kev sib koom tes. Thaum pib ua ntej hauv internet, qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov txheej txheem xws li BGP (Border Gateway Protocol) thiab OSPF (Qhib Shortest First First) tau hloov tshiab rau CIDR. Cov kev cai tsis yoojyim dua lossis tsis nyiam dua yuav tsis txhawb CIDR.
CIDR aggregation yuav tsum muaj cov kev sib koom tes hauv kev sib txuas lus kom muaj kev sib txuam-raws li nyob ib sab-hauv qhov chaw nyob. CIDR tsis muaj peev xwm, piv txwv li, sib sau ua 192.168.12.0 thiab 192.168.15.0 rau tib txoj kev tshwj tsis yog tias cov nrab ntawm 13 thiab .14 chaw nyob.
Internet WAN los sis tus khoos phis qaum-cov uas tswj cov kev tsav tsheb ntawm Cov Chaw Muab Kev Pab Hauv Internet - feem ntau txhawb CIDR ua tiav lub hom phiaj ntawm qhov chaw zov me nyuam qhov chaw IP. Feem ntau cov neeg siv khoom siv feem ntau tsis txhawb CIDR, yog li ntawd tus kheej tes hauj lwm nrog rau kev sib txuas lus hauv tsev thiab txawm tias cov tuam txhab tsawg tshaj plaws ( LANs ) feem ntau tsis ntiav nws.
CIDR thiab IPv6
IPv6 siv CIDR routing tshuab thiab CIDR cim hauv tib yam li IPv4. IPv6 tau tsim rau chav kawm ntawv tsis muaj kev txwv.